PRIVATE SECURITYPRIVATE SECURITY vs vs

CITIZEN SECURITYCITIZEN SECURITYGualdemar S. Jiménez P.

SERPAJ – CIFEcuador

Visions of SecurityVisions of Security

Peace of mindSafeguard of physical integrityProtection of material assets

Security issues seldomly taken Security issues seldomly taken into accountinto account

• Economic and social crisis– In recent years, Ecuador has suffered one of its worst crises,

caused by the bank holiday– Total unemployment of 7 % – Institutiones are discredited

• Police• Justice agents

• Social inequality– The poorest sector of the population consumes 1.9 %– The richest sector of the population consumes 35,4 %

• Migration– 43.1% of migrants left behind children under 18 years of age– 50.08 % of migrants have some higher education

• Perceptions

FirearmsFirearms

Any weapon with a barrel through which a bullet can be fired

Any weapon or destructive deviceAmmunition

Problems and issues around Problems and issues around weapons in Ecuadorweapons in Ecuador

Presence of weapons in education centers

Area of transit to neighboring countries

Organized crimeIncrease in violence, rise in number of homicides with a weapon.

Production of homemade weapons

Lack of trust in the institutiones responsible for exercising justice

Trusts the National Police 2004

In 2006, 84.9% has unfavorable opinions about the police

Increase in the civilian population’s perception of insecurity; 70% of citizens believe that insecurity is one of the main problems in the cities.

Quito GuayaquilA lot 11 4

Some 28 24Little 35 28Nothing 26 34

Legal FrameworkLegal Framework

The Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials was ratified in 1999

Decision 552 of the Andean Community

National Legislation

Impact of violenceImpact of violence Greater circulation of weapons in civilian

society ITEMS Quantity

Civilian Personnel 22.342

Military Personnel in active service

13

Military Personnel not in active service

432

Collectors 105

Shooting,hunting and fishing clubs

164

Security companies 21.851

Public instirutions 1.123

Private security institutions 1.469

TOTAL 47.499

Larger presence of security companies

Year. Permits2003 95802004 88582005 10559 (in 10 mos)

TOTAL 28997

Impact of violenceImpact of violence

Social responseSocial response SECURITY COMPANIES BY PROVINCE

 

PROVINCE Co.

WEAPONS GUARDSAzuay 20 626 545Bolívar 2 33 66Cañar 3 108 117Carchi 3 52 68

Cotopaxi 6 60 99Chimborazo 11 435 756

El Oro 6 360 247Esmeraldas 6 269 593

Guayas 168 8850 10224Imbabura 12 251 468

Loja 7 294 192Los RíosManabí 27 718 547

Pichincha 372 14015 24973Tungurahua 11 518 818Zamora Ch.Galápagos 1 1 12Sucumbíos 1

TOTAL 666 26.590 39.725

Evolution of arms importsEvolution of arms importsTipo 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total

Pistols 2521 2324 2479 3030 10354

Revolvers

1308 1108 1203 1527 5146

Shotguns

1890 1023 1432 2356 6701

Carbines 522 298 222 257 1299

Total 6241 4753 5336 7170 23500

ResponseResponse

Increase in police officers

YEAR POLICE RATE per 100 thousand

1980 9500 119,31990 10146 98,81995 14830 129,41999 21306 173,2

ImpactImpactD E S A R R O L L O D E M U E R T E S P O R H O M I C I D I O S

0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

2 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

1 2 3 41 9 9 0 1 9 9 5 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 5

A Ñ O

H O M I C I D I O S

Intervention AlternativesIntervention Alternatives Decentralized technical system, interconnecting the

different bodies concerned with arms control to have a precise control of the weapons found in the country.

Collection of weapons held by civilian population Understanding that disarmament is not a matter of

removing weapons. On the contrary, it is a peace proposal that contributes to the construction of alternatives. These can range from conflict resolution alternatives to the proposal of extending care to those who are linked to certain spaces and who survive by actions that are outside the law.