Private Attorney General Information

7/24/2019 Private Attorney General Information

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PRIVATE ATTORNEY GENERAL FEDERAL VERSION

Judiciary Act of 1789

i!i" Ri#$t% Act of 18&&

Tit"' ( )S I * S'ct (++ Ad,i-i%trati!' Practic'

Title 42 U.S.C. 1988in Federal Law

Title 18 U.S.C. 1512Federal Witness in Federal Law

Title 18 U.S.C. 1510Criminal Investigation in Federal Law

Constr!ted 2015 "# $o%n &owe 'does not !ontain 22 State variants(

)In regards to !riminals o* So!ialism+ Commnism+ Leninism+ Criminal ,litist or -rganied!riminals or !riminals o* Usr/ation and Treason+ t%e road to de!riminalie meri!a is toremove t%e %ig% !rimes and "e!ome a road"lo! in t%eir /at% wit% t%e Common Law3rand $r# and Common Law /rose!tion in t%e do!trine o* rivate ttorne# 3eneral.

T%e t%orities o* t%e rivate ttorne# 3eneral are s!attered ever#w%ere eit%er as in

%aste to !odi*# or /r/ose*ll# done *or reasons not !lear and s"e!tive. From t%e$di!iar# !t ntil Toda# t%ere is no one to !onslt in t%e -6!e *or t%e rivate ttorne#3eneral as t%at o6!e %as never "een 7lled. So+ a estion "e!omes !an we t%e eo/le7ll t%e o6!e "# 7ling Common Law a!tion in distress and remove t%ose monies *rom t%ede *a!to government.

TT :,a!% !itien a!ts as a ;rivate ttorne# 3eneral w%o ;taes on t%e,a-t"' of%o!'r'i#-; : 'Tit"' ./ )0S00 S'c0 1982 3ood !0 4r'i'r+ 54 F.&.11 ',.


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T%e Pu:"ic %id'is a "li! attorne# re/resenting a government agen!#+ w%i!% man#re/resent as )t%e "li! or )T%e "li! Interest re/orting to an intermediar# *or t%egovernment agen!# w%i!% is t%e /rin!i/al *or it instead+ and t#/i!all# on t%e *ederal sideis


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'1( t%e time+ /la!e+ and natre t%ereo*?

'2( t%e legal at%orit# and risdi!tion nder w%i!% t%e %earing is to "e %eld? and

'@( t%e matters o* *a!t and law asserted. In instan!es in w%i!% /rivate /ersons aret%e moving /arties+ ot%er /arties to t%e /ro!eeding s%all give /rom/t noti!e o*isses !ontroverted in *a!t or law? and in ot%er instan!es agen!ies ma# "# rle

reire res/onsive /leading. In 7Ding t%e times and /la!es *or %earings+ de regards%all "e %ad *or t%e !onvenien!e and ne!essit# o* t%e /arties or t%eirre/resentatives. J

HSe!t @ 'a( &les>Kst "li! to Federal &egister 3ides *or "li! as statedJ

HSe!t 4 'd( n# gen!# s%all 'mst( a!!ord an# interested /erson t%e rig%t to/etition *or t%e issan!e+ mendment or //eal o* &leJ

HSe!t 5 'a( -TIC,. ersons entitled to noti!e o* an agen!# %earing s%all "etimel# in*ormed o*

'1( t%e time+ /la!e+ and natre t%ereo*?

'2( t%e legal at%orit# and risdi!tion nder w%i!% t%e %earing is to "e %eld?and

'@( t%e matters o* *a!t and law asserted. In instan!es in w%i!% /rivate/ersons are t%e moving /arties+ ot%er /arties to t%e /ro!eeding s%all give/rom/t noti!e o* isses !ontroverted in *a!t or law? and in ot%er instan!esagen!ies ma# "# rle reire res/onsive /leading. In 7Ding t%e times and/la!es *or %earings+ de regard s%all "e %ad *or t%e !onvenien!e andne!essit# o* t%e /arties or t%eir re/resentatives. J

HSe!t ,D!er/t in 'a( :,ver# /art# s%all "e a!!orded t%e rig%t to a//ear in /ersonor "# or wit%!onsel or ot%er dl# ali7ed re/resentative in an# agen!# /ro!eeding.:J T%sim/lies is eDem/t *rom Bar attorne# reirement.

"li! Law 9>1=0


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ToDi! S"stan!es Control !t o* 19=

,nerg# &eorganiation !t o* 19=4't%rog% 19=8 amendment to /rote!t n!learw%istle"lowers(

Com/re%ensive ,nvironmental &es/onse+ Com/ensation+ and Lia"ilit# !t 'C,&CL+ or t%eS/er*nd Law(

Clean ir !t'1990(

Sr*a!e Trans/ortation ssistan!e !t'1982(

t%e i/eline Sa*et# Im/rovement !t 'SI( o* 2002

Wendell . Ford viation Investment and &e*orm !t *or t%e 21st Centr#':I& 21:(

Sar"anesG-Dle# !t ena!ted on $l# @0+ 2002 '*or !or/orate *rad w%istle"lowers(

&etaliation against w%istle"lowers nder 20 *ederal stattes *alls nder t%e risdi!tion o*t%e -6!e o* t%e W%istle"lower rote!tion rogram o* t%e United States


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&elated legislation 180 G Cm"erland &oad

182 G a!i7! &ailwa# !tH@J

188= G Interstate Commer!e !t

191 G damson &ailwa# La"or !t

19@5 G Kotor Carrier !t

194 G Federal ir/ort !t L =9>@==

1950 G Federal id to ig%wa# L 81>=9

1954 G Saint Lawren!e Seawa#!t

195 G Federal>id to ig%wa#MInterstate ig%wa# !tL 84>2=

195= G irwa#s Koderniation !t L 85>1@@

1958 G Trans/ortation !t o* 1958 L 85>25

1958 G Federal viation !t L 85>=2

1959 G ir/ort Constr!tion !t L 8>=2

194 G Ur"an Kass Trans/ortation !tL 88>@5

195 G ig%wa# Beati7!ation !tL 89>285

19 G 45@

19=0 G &ail assenger Servi!e !tL 91>518

19=0 G ir/ort and irwa# 258

19=@ G Federal id ig%wa# !tL 9@>8=

19=@ G mtra Im/rovement !tL 9@>14

19=@ G Federal id ig%wa# !tL 9@>8=

19=4 G ational Kass Trans/ortation ssistan!e !tL 9@>50@

19= G &ailroad &evitaliation and &eglator# &e*orm !tL 94>210

19= G art>S!ott>&odino ntitrst Im/rovements !tL 94>4@5

19=8 G irline 504

1980 G Kotor Carrier !tL 9>29

1980 G Staggers &ail !tL 9>448

1982 GTrans/ortation ssistan!e !tL 9=>424 1982 G Bs &eglator# &e*orm !t L 9=>21

198= G Sr*a!e Trans/ortation !tL 100>1=

1991 G Intermodal Sr*a!e Trans/ortation ,6!ien!# !tL 102>240

1998 GTrans/ortation ,it# !t *or t%e 21st Centr#L 105>1=8

2000 G Wendell . Ford viation Investment and &e*orm !t *or t%e 21st Centr#L 10>

181 2002 G omeland Se!rit# !t'L 10=>29(

2005 G Sa*e+ !!onta"le+ FleDi"le+ ,6!ient Trans/ortation ,it# !t Lega!# *or Users

'L 109>59( 2012 G Koving %ead *or rogress in t%e 21st Centr# !t'K>21( L 112>141

CTS to Onow

T%e o::% Act2named a*ter Congressman Sam o""s'L( and !odi7ed at 18 U.S.C.P 1951+is a U.S. *ederal law ena!ted in 194 t%at /rovides

'a( W%oever in an# wa# or degree o"str!ts+ dela#s+ or aQe!ts !ommer!eor t%e movement o*an# arti!le or !ommodit# in !ommer!e+ "# ro""er#or eDtortionor attem/ts or !ons/ires so to do+or !ommits or t%reatens /%#si!al violen!e to an# /erson or /ro/ert# in *rt%eran!e o* a /lan or
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_Roadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Railway_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation#cite_note-WDL-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamson_Railway_Labor_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_Carrier_Act_of_1935https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seawayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_highwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Mass_Transportation_Act_of_1964https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_Beautification_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Mass_Transportation_Act_of_1970https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_Passenger_Service_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport_and_Airway_Development_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Aid_Highway_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amtrak_Improvement_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Aid_Highway_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mass_Transportation_Assistance_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_Revitalization_and_Regulatory_Reform_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart-Scott-Rodino_Antitrust_Improvements_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_Carrier_Act_of_1980https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staggers_Rail_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Assistance_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_Transportation_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermodal_Surface_Transportation_Efficiency_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Equity_Act_for_the_21st_Centuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_H._Ford_Aviation_Investment_and_Reform_Act_for_the_21st_Centuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeland_Security_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAFETEA-LUhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Hobbshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Codehttp://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/18/1951.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_commercehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robberyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extortionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_Roadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Railway_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation#cite_note-WDL-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamson_Railway_Labor_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_Carrier_Act_of_1935https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seawayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_highwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Mass_Transportation_Act_of_1964https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_Beautification_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Mass_Transportation_Act_of_1970https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_Passenger_Service_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport_and_Airway_Development_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Aid_Highway_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amtrak_Improvement_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Aid_Highway_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mass_Transportation_Assistance_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_Revitalization_and_Regulatory_Reform_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart-Scott-Rodino_Antitrust_Improvements_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_Carrier_Act_of_1980https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staggers_Rail_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Assistance_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_Transportation_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermodal_Surface_Transportation_Efficiency_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Equity_Act_for_the_21st_Centuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_H._Ford_Aviation_Investment_and_Reform_Act_for_the_21st_Centuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeland_Security_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAFETEA-LUhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Acthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Hobbshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabamahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Codehttp://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/18/1951.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_commercehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robberyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extortion


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/r/ose to do an#t%ing in violation o* t%is se!tion s%all "e 7ned nder t%is title or im/risoned notmore t%an twent# #ears+ or "ot%.

Se!tion 1951 also /ros!ri"es !ons/ira!# to !ommit ro""er# or eDtortion wit%ot re*eren!e to t%e!ons/ira!# statte at 18 U.S.C.P @=1. lt%og% t%e o""s !t was ena!ted as a statte to!om"at ra!eteeringin la"or>management dis/tes+ t%e statte is *reentl# sed in !onne!tionwit% !ases involving /"li! !orr/tion+ !ommer!ial dis/tes+ and !orr/tion dire!ted at mem"erso* la"or nions.

T%e o""s !t !riminalies "ot% ro""er# and eDtortion+ w%ere

o :ro""er#: means t%e nlaw*l taing or o"taining o* /ersonal /ro/ert# *rom t%e

/erson or in t%e /resen!e o* anot%er+ against %is will+ ando :eDtortion: means t%e o"taining o* /ro/ert# *rom anot%er+ wit% %is !onsent+ ind!ed

"# wrong*l se o* a!tal or t%reatened *or!e+ violen!e+ or *ear+ or nder !olor o*o6!ial rig%t.

T%e


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t%e enter/rise are not one and t%e same+ t%ere mst "e one o* *or s/e!i7ed relations%i/s"etween t%e de*endant's( and t%e enter/rise

eit%er t%e de*endant's( invested t%e /ro!eeds o* t%e /attern o* ra!eteering a!tivit# into t%eenter/rise '18 U.S.C. P 192'a((? or

t%e de*endant's( a!ired or maintained an interest in+ or !ontrol o*+ t%e enter/rise t%rog% t%e/attern o* ra!eteering a!tivit# 's"se!tion '"((? or

t%e de*endant's( !ond!ted or /arti!i/ated in t%e aQairs o* t%e enter/rise :t%rog%: t%e /atterno* ra!eteering a!tivit# 's"se!tion '!((? or

t%e de*endant's( !ons/ired to do one o* t%e a"ove 's"se!tion 'd((. H4J

In essen!e+ t%e enter/rise is eit%er t%e ;/rie+; ;instrment+; ;vi!tim+; or ;/er/etrator; o* t%era!eteers. !ivil &IC- a!tion !an "e 7led in state or *ederal !ort.J

Rac5't''ri-# acti!ityis set ot at 18 U.S.C.P 191. s !rrentl# amended it in!ldes

gam"ling+ mrder+ idna//ing+ eDtortion+ arson+ ro""er#+ "ri"er#+ dealing in o"s!ene matter+ ordealing in a !ontrolled s"stan!e or listed !%emi!al 'as de7ned in t%e Controlled S"stan!es !t"ri"er#+ !onter*eiting+ t%e*t+ em"element+ *rad+ dealing in o"s!ene matter+ o"str!tion o*

sti!e+ slaver#+ ra!eteering+ gam"ling+ mone# landering+ !ommissiono* mrder>*or>%ire+ and man# ot%er oQenses !overed nder t%e Federal !riminal !ode 'Title 18(?and

,m"element o* nion *nds? Banr/t!# *rad or se!rities *rad? termand ela"orate drg networs !an also "e /rose!ted sing t%e Contining Criminal ,nter/riseStatte? Criminal !o/#rig%t in*ringement?Kone# landering and related oQenses? Bringing in+ aiding or assisting aliens in illegall# enteringt%e !ontr# 'i* t%e a!tion was *or 7nan!ial gain(? !ts o* terrorism+ wit%

attern o* ra!eteering a!tivit# reires at least two a!ts o* ra!eteering a!tivit#+ one o* w%i!%o!!rred a*ter t%e eQe!tive date o* t%is !%a/ter and t%e last o* w%i!% o!!rred wit%in ten #ears

'eD!lding an# /eriod o* im/risonment( a*ter t%e !ommission o* a /rior a!t o* ra!eteeringa!tivit#. T%e U.S. S/reme Cort %as instr!ted *ederal !orts to *ollow t%e !ontinit#>/ls>relations%i/ test in order to determine w%et%er t%e *a!ts o* a s/e!i7! !ase give rise to anesta"lis%ed /attern. redi!ate a!ts are related i* t%e# :%ave t%e same or similar /r/oses+reslts+ /arti!i/ants+ vi!tims+ or met%ods o* !ommission+ or ot%erwise are interrelated "#distingis%ing !%ara!teristi!s and are not isolated events.: '.$. In!. v. ort%western Bell

Tele/%one Co.( Continit# is "ot% a !losed and o/en ended !on!e/t+ re*erring to eit%er a !losed/eriod o* !ond!t+ or to /ast !ond!t t%at "# its natre /roe!ts into t%e *tre wit% a t%reat o*re/etition+ w%ere lt%og% some o* t%e &IC- /redi!ate a!ts are eDtortion and "la!mail+ one o*t%e most s!!ess*l a//li!ations o* t%e &IC- laws %as "een t%e a"ilit# to indi!t or san!tionindividals *or t%eir "e%avior and a!tions !ommitted against witnesses and vi!tims in alleged

retaliation or retri"tion *or !oo/erating wit% *ederal law en*or!ement or intelligen!e agen!ies.nti>SL 'strategi! lawsit against /"li! /arti!i/ation( laws !an "e a//lied in an attem/t to!r" alleged a"ses o* t%e legal s#stem "# individals or !or/orations w%o tilie t%e !orts as awea/on to retaliate against w%istle"lowers+ vi!tims+ or to silen!e anot%er;s s/ee!%. &IC- !old"e alleged i* it !an "e s%own t%at law#ers andMor t%eir !lients !ons/ired and !olla"orated to!on!o!t 7!titios legal !om/laints solel# in retri"tion and retaliation *or t%emselves %aving "een"rog%t "e*ore t%e !orts.

18 )0S00 APTER 9& @ 19&1*19&8 RIO ENFORED 4Y PRIVATE ATTORNEY

GENERAL P0A0G0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Codehttp://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/18/1961.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act#cite_note-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Codehttp://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/18/1961.html


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Po"ic' ,i%co-duct 'A-ticiatory o:%tructio- of u%tic'(

:nti!i/ator# o"str!tion o* sti!e: re!entl# in !ases s!% as )S !0 3o". Se!tion+ 1519+/assed in 2002+ is in asi>o"s!rit#. Titled )#ear maDimm /rison senten!e 'no small "ene7t to t%egovernment in "ig>dollar *rad loss !ases s!% as WolQ(+ its /rimar# a//eal is t%at itniel# removes !ertain e# /roo* "rdens *rom /rose!tors !olle!tive s%olders.

rose!tors !%arging violations o* Se!tion 1519 mst still esta"lis% "ot% o* t%e *ollowingT%e a!!sed nowingl# dire!ted t%e o"str!tive a!t to aQe!t an isse or matter wit%int%e risdi!tion o* an# U.S. de/artment or agen!#. T%e a!!sed a!ted at least )in relationto or )in !ontem/lation o* s!% isse or matter.

ot on t%e list+ %owever+ is t%e reirement t%at /rose!tors demonstrate to t%e 7nder o**a!t w%i!% s/e!i7! )/ending /ro!eeding t%e a!!sed attem/ted to o"str!t. T%at is a

signi7!ant "ene7t to t%e government.

Fa"%' E!id'-c'

forged evidence> an item or in*ormation man*a!tred+ or altered+ to s//ortsome agenda+ is not admissi"le in man# !orts+ in!lding U.S. !riminal !orts.

planted evidence> an item or in*ormation w%i!% %as "een moved+ or /lanted at as!ene+ to seem related to t%e a!!sed /art#+ is not admissi"le in man# !orts+in!lding U.S. !riminal !orts.

tainted evidence> in*ormation w%i!% %as "een o"tained "# illegal means or %as"een revealed 'or tra!ed( sing eviden!e a!ired "# illegal sear!%+ andMor seire+is !alled t%e :*rit o* t%e /oisonos tree: and is not admissi"le in man# !orts+in!lding U.S. !riminal !orts.

suppressed evidence> an item or in*ormation w%i!% a !ort dge %as rled as:inadmissi"le: is *or"idden to "e /resented in a !ort !ase. S//ressed eviden!emig%t "e eD!lded "e!ase it was *ond %idden or lo!ed awa# in areas t%ea!!sed !old not "e /roven to now.

omitted eviden!e > t%e intentional sin "# omission.

Fa"%' I,ri%o-,'-t


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rove

will*l detention?

wit%ot !onsent?

wit%ot at%orit# o* law. See &estatement o* t%e Law+ Se!ond+ Torts

intimidation+ /oli!e !orr/tion+ ra!ial /ro7ling+ srveillan!e a"se+ witness tam/ering+ err#

and oQ>dt# mis!ond!tT#/i!all# is instrmented nder !olor o* law.

E,"oy,'-t di%cri,i-atio-is a *orm o* dis!rimination"ased on ra!e+ gender+ religion+national origin+ /%#si!alor mentaldisa"ilit#+ and age "# em/lo#ers.

Se!rities and Commodities Frad+ as in t%e matter o* nlaw*l *ore!losres "ased on *radlent

/romissor# notes and mortgages

18 )0S0 od' @ 1.8 * S'curiti'% a-d co,,oditi'% fraud

Kail Frad and -t%er Frad -Qenses

18 )S $at'r &

Kono/olies and Com"inations in &estraint o* Trade

1( )S $at'r 1

18 )0S0 od' $at'r & * ;AIL FRA)D AND OTER FRA)D OFFENSES

oIn>Fa!t

s an agent+ an attorne#>in>*a!t is a 7d!iar#*or t%e /rin!i/al+ so t%e law reires an attorne#>in>*a!t to "e !om/letel# %onest wit% and lo#al to t%e /rin!i/alin t%eir dealings wit% ea!% ot%er. I*t%e attorne#>in>*a!t is "eing /aid to a!t *or t%e /rin!i/al+ t%e !ontra!tis sall# se/arate *rom t%e/ower o* attorne# itsel*+ so i* t%at !ontra!t is in writing+ it is a se/arate do!ment+ e/t /rivate"etween t%em+ w%ereas t%e /ower o* attorne# is intended to "e s%own to varios ot%er /eo/le.

In t%e !onteDt o* t%e nin!or/orated re!i/ro!al inter>insran!e eD!%ange'U&I,( t%e attorne#>in>*a!t is a stae%olderMtrstee w%o taes !stod# o* t%e s"s!ri"er *nds /la!ed on de/osit wit%
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intimidationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_corruptionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_profilinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance_abusehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness_tamperinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_originhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_disabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_(law)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_(law)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_attorney#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_instrumenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiduciaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_(commercial_law)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contracthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_inter-insurance_exchangehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intimidationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_corruptionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_profilinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance_abusehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness_tamperinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_originhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_disabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_(law)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_attorney#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_instrumenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiduciaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_(commercial_law)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contracthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_inter-insurance_exchange


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%im+ and t%en ses t%ose *nds to /a# insran!e !laims. W%en all t%e !laims are /aid+ t%eattorne#>in>*a!t t%en retrns t%e le*tover *nds to t%e s"s!ri"ers.

/ower o* attorne# ma# "e special'also !alled limited(+ general+ or temporarily limited. s/e!ial /ower o* attorne# is one t%at is limited to a s/e!i7ed a!t or t#/e o* a!t. general /owero* attorne# is one t%at allows t%e agent to mae all /ersonal and "siness de!isions. H4JH5Jtem/oraril# limited /ower o* attorne# is one wit% a limited time *rame. HJ

in>*a!t t%e at%orit# to mae %ealt%>!are de!isions *ort%e grantor+ / to and in!lding terminating !are and li*e s//ort. T%e grantor !an t#/i!all#modi*# or restri!t t%e /owers o* t%e agent to mae end>o*>li*e de!isions. H8JIn man# risdi!tions a%ealt% !are /ower o* attorne# is also re*erred to as a :%ealt% !are /roD#: and+ as s!%+ t%e twoterms are sometimes sed inter!%angea"l#.Hcitation neededJ

Relationship with advance health care directive

&elated to t%e %ealt% !are /ower o* attorne# is a se/arate do!ment nown as an advan!e%ealt% !are dire!tive+ also !alled a :living will:. living willis a written statement o* a /erson;s%ealt% !are and medi!al wis%es "t does not a//oint anot%er /erson to mae %ealt% !arede!isions.H9J


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Unless t%e /ower o* attorne# %as "een made irrevo!a"le "# its own terms or "# some legal/rin!i/le+ t%e grantor ma# revoe t%e /ower o* attorne# "# telling t%e attorne#>in>*a!t it isrevoed. owever+ i* t%e /rin!i/al does not in*orm t%ird /arties and it is reasona"le *or t%e t%ird/arties to rel# /on t%e /ower o* attorne# "eing in *or!e+ t%e /rin!i/al mig%t still "e "ond "# t%ea!ts o* t%e agent+ t%og% t%e agent ma# also "e lia"le *or s!% nat%oried a!ts. H1@J

@>

2000>nited>states>attorne#s>asas>s/e!ial>assistants>and>aga!J.

T$' i!i" Ri#$t% Act of 18&&2 1. Stat0 /7 a-d it% a,'-d'd !'r%io-% for t$'

Fictio- )0S0iti6'- P'r%o- i% 1 of ,a-y %tatut'% d'c"ar'd

T$' i!i" ri#$t% act of 18&&2 1. Stat0 /7+ ena!ted /ril 9t%+ 18 and re*erred to asT$' Attor-'y G'-'ra" Act of t$' 9t$o-#r'%%2 S'%%0 12 $ 1 18&&2 $a0

L+ *ormall# titled A- Act to Prot'ct a"" P'r%o-%i- t$' )-it'd Stat'%in t%eirCivil &ig%ts+ and *rnis% t%e means o* t%eir Eindi!ation+ /ril 9t%+ 18? "li! Law 104>

@1=+ -!t 19+ 199+ 11> Stat. @85@? 9@ stat 1284? "li! Law 9>1=0+ 9

t%

Congress+


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C&IKIL &IC- 18 U.S.C. PP 191>198 < sing t%e latest o"tained Kanal *orFederal rose!tors+ as t%e# do t%ese a!tions *reentl# and t%e manal !ontainss/e!i7! !rime element o* &IC-. -Qenses in!lde State oQenses involving mrder+ro""er#+ eDtortion+ and several ot%er serios oQenses+ /nis%a"le "# im/risonment *ormore t%an one #ear+ and more t%an one %ndred serios *ederal oQenses in!ldingeDtortion+ interstate t%e*t+ nar!oti!s violations+ mail *rad+ se!rities *rad+ !rren!#re/orting violations+ !ertain immigration oQenses+ and terrorism related oQenses.

SU-&TI3 C-


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T$' Ad,i-i%trati!' Proc'dur' Act


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!laim t%at an agen!# or an o6!er or em/lo#ee t%ereo* a!ted or *ailed to a!t in an o6!ial!a/a!it# or nder !olor o* legal at%orit# s%all not "e dismissed nor relie* t%erein "e denied ont%e grond t%at it is against t%e United States or t%at t%e United States is an indis/ensa"le /art#.

T%e United States ma# "e named as de*endant in an# s!% a!tion+ and a dgment or a de!reema# "e entered against t%e United States .... + In addition+ t%e 19= amendment waives t%ereirement o* a risdi!tional amont and /rovides t%at a mandator# or an inn!tive de!rees%all s/e!i*# *ederal o6!ers "# name.I8 T%s t%e /laintiQ ma# sim/l# se t%e United States+ andt%e !ort in its de!ree s%all s/e!i*# t%e *ederal o6!er involved. T%e removal o* t%ese t%ree

te!%ni!al de*enses > immnit#+ t%e risdi!tional amont+ and t%e /ro/er /art# de*endant > vastl#sim/li*# t%e tas *a!ing a /laintiQ seeing mandator# relie*.

s develo/ed in t%is !ontr# mandams t#/i!all# ma# "e availa"le in several sitations. Forinstan!e+ t%e writ ma# isse to instr!t an in*erior !ort to %ear a !ase to avoid *rstratingltimate a//ellate risdi!tion. Kandams ma# also "e dire!ted to /rivate !or/orations t%at %ave*ailed to !arr# ot res/onsi"ilities toward t%e /"li!.s5 T%e maorit# o* !ases+ %owever+ involvesitations in w%i!% t%e /laintiQ %as a /arti!lar /ro/ert# interest and sees a remed# to vindi!atet%at interest. I* /laintiQs !an meet t%e reirements o* mandams+ !orts will isse t%e writ to!om/el /"li! o6!ials to /er*orm ministerial a!ts.

T%e %istor# o* mandams in t%is !ontr# "egins in 180@ wit% Kar"r# v. Kadison.8= Kar"r#sog%t a writ o* mandams dire!ting Se!retar# o* State Kadison to isse %im a !ommission as a

sti!e o* t%e /ea!e.88 &eviewing t%ereirements o* mandams+ C%ie* $sti!e Kars%all noted t%at !orts %ad issed t%e writ too6!ers o* t%e government !ommanding t%em to do a /arti!lar t%ing /ertaining to t%e dties o*t%e o6!e+ !onsistent wit% rig%t and sti!e.:%tt/MMwww.aron.edMdotssetM24!1"e4@>1!a>49*2>899*>d0@*a!0!d@0./d*

ui ta, F'd'ra" Fa"%' "ai,% Act FA2 1 )0S00 %'ctio-% 7/9 t$rou#$ 7

o-tractor Fraud :y ui ta, r'"ator%

W%en Servi!es are /rovided not in a!!ordan!e wit% !ontra!t or not /rovided in "rea!% o* !ontra!t

'Onowingl# /resenting+ or !asing to "e /resented+ a *alse or *radlent !laim *or /a#ment ora//roval "# t%e government(

'Onowingl# maing+ sing or !asing to "e made or sed+ a *alse re!ord or statement to get a*alse or *radlent !laim /aid or a//roved "# t%e 3overnment(

'Cons/iring to de*rad t%e 3overnment "# getting *alse or *radlent !laims a//roved or /aid "#t%e 3overnment(

't%oriing t%e maing or deliver# o* a do!ment t%at !erti7es t%e re!ei/t o* /ro/ert# sed or to"e sed "# t%e 3overnment and intending to de*rad t%e 3overnment "# maing or deliveringt%e re!ei/t wit%ot !om/letel# nowing t%at t%e in*ormation on t%e re!ei/t is a!!rate(

'Onowingl# "#ing or re!eiving an o"ligation or de"t *rom t%e 3overnment illegall#(

'Onowingl# maing+ sing or !asing to "e sed+ a *alse re!ord or statement to !on!eal+ avoid+ orde!rease an o"ligation to /a# or transmit /ro/ert# to t%e *ederal government(

T%ere are two '2( two /rimar# t#/es o* a!tiona"le !laims factua""y fa"%' c"ai,%and "'#a""yfa"%' c"ai,%. In /roving *alse%ood in a *a!tall# *alse !laim+ a relator mst s%ow t%at a!ontra!tor+ grantee+ or ot%er re!i/ient o* *ederal *nds s"mitted an in!orre!t des!ri/tion o*
http://www.uakron.edu/dotAsset/24c1be43-1c6a-49f2-899f-d03fac60cd30.pdfhttp://www.uakron.edu/dotAsset/24c1be43-1c6a-49f2-899f-d03fac60cd30.pdf


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goods or servi!es /rovided+ and reested /a#ment *rom t%e government *or s!% goods HUnitedStates eD rel. Oarvelas v. Kelrose>Wae7eld os/.+ @0 F.@d 220+ 2@2 '1st Cir. 2004( !ert. denied+54@ U.S. 820 '2004( ')HJ Hde*endantsJ violation o* government reglations or engagement in/rivate *radlent s!%emes does not im/ose lia"ilit# nder t%e False Claims !t nless t%e/rovider s"mits *alse or *radlent !laims to t%e government *or /a#ment "ased on Ht%eviolationJ(.

Legall# *alse !laims !an rest on eit%er an eD/ress *alse !erti7!ation o* !om/lian!e wit% a statteor reglation as a !ondition to /a#ment+ or an im/lied *alse !erti7!ation. n eD/ress *alse!erti7!ation is a!tiona"le w%ere /a#ment o* t%e !laim is !onditioned on !erti7!ation o*!om/lian!e wit% a s/e!i7! reirement in a !ontra!t or wit% a statte or reglation HSee UnitedStates eD. rel. Siewi! v. $amieson S!i. ,ngg In!.+214 F.@d 1@=2+ 1@= '=1 '200=(. In ot%er words+ t%e relatormst %ave gained t%e in*ormation t%rog% %is own eD/erien!e or investigation. United States eDrel. ansen v. Cargill+ In!.+ 10= F. S//. 2d 11=2 '.


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T%e relator tried to sto/ t%e *rad or re/orted it to a s/ervisor or t%e government as soon as

s%e learned o* t%e *rad?

T%e i tam 7ling+ or t%e ensing investigation+ !ased t%e oQender to sto/ t%e *radlent/ra!ti!es?

T%e !om/laint warned t%e government o* a signi7!ant sa*et# isse?

T%e !om/laint eD/osed a nationwide /ra!ti!e?

T%e relator /rovided eDtensive+ 7rst%and details o* t%e *rad to t%e government?

T%e government %ad no nowledge o* t%e *rad?

T%e relator /rovided s"stantial assistan!e dring t%e investigation andMor /re>trial /%ases o* t%e!ase?

T%e relator was a !redi"le witness at de/osition andMor trial?

T%e relators !onsel /rovided s"stantial assistan!e to t%e government?

T%e relator and %er !onsel s//orted and !oo/erated wit% t%e government dring t%e entire

/ro!eeding?T%e !ase went to trial?

T%e FC re!over# was relativel# small? and

T%e 7ling o* t%e !om/laint %ad a s"stantial adverse im/a!t on t%e relator?

relator alleging *rad mst dis!lose nowledge o* t%e *rad to t%e


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dire!tl# to t%e av#. Id. at 212=>28. T%e SiDt% Cir!it reversed+ %olding t%at w%ile se!tion@=29'a('1( reires a s%owing t%at t%e *alse or *radlent !laim was /resented to t%egovernment+ no s!% reirement eDists nder se!tions @=29'a('2( and @=29'a('@(. Id. at 2=28.

T%e S/reme Cort agreed wit% t%e SiDt% Cir!it+ !on!lding t%at t%ere is no /resentmentreirement in se!tions @=29'a('2( or 'a('@(. Id. at 21@0>@1. !!ording to t%e Cort+ eviden!et%at a !laim %as "een )/aid or a//roved wit% government *nds /rovides a s6!ient relation tot%e government+ t%ere"# maing it nne!essar# to /resent eviden!e t%at t%e !laim was a!tall#/resented to t%e government. Id.

Finall#+ i* a !laim *or /a#ment entails solel# state *nds+ t%e False Claims !t does not a//l#.Twent#>two states and t%e 1.1>1 et se.?

Tennessee+ Tenn. Code nn. P=1>5>181 et se.?

TeDas+ TeD. m. &es. Code nn. [email protected] et se.?

Uta%+ Uta% Code nn. P2>20>1 et se.?


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Eirginia+ Ea. Code nn. P8.01>21.1 et se.?

Wis!onsin+ Wis. Stat. nn. P20>9@1 et se.

In t%e Case o* Class v. ort% Carolina wit% t%e de/artment o* trans/ortation+ and wit% ort%Carolina ig%wa# atrol+ t%e !ase esta"lis%ed t%ese de/artments as non State was%ington>s%oldnt>!ontrol>trans/ortation>s/endingM

Cali*ornia > W-W

%tt/MMwww.legin*o.!a.govM/"M11>12M"illMsenMs"N0851>0900Ms"N8=8N!*aN201208@1N095924NsenNoor.%tml

Conne!ti!t 'rev *ond Common r/ose t%ere(

%tt/MMwww.g/o.govM*ds#sM/gM3-&,-&TS>3->04>2@0&M%tmlM3-&,-&TS>3->04>2@0&.%tm

Eirginia

%tt/sMMwww.dmv.virginia.govMsa*et#MgrantsM

Ida%o

%tt/sMMitd.ida%o.govMtas*or!eMTasNFor!eNFinalN&e/ortNLowN&es./d*

Vi tam

%tt/MMwww.!ermanlaw.!omMw/>!ontentM/loadsM2014M01MVestions>and>nswers>"ot>t%e>Vi>Tam>rovision>o*>t%e>False>Claims>!t1./d*

,D!er/ts From "li! laws ,na!ted For rivate ttorne# 3eneral and Eindi!tive Civil &ig%ts

UBLIC LW 104G@1=-CT. 19+ 199

S,C. @09. &-IBITI- 3IST W&


19/262

'!( CIEIL CTI- F-& >I* t%e resident;s "dget *or t%e /!oming 7s!al #ear+ s"mitted to Congress/rsant to se!tion 1105'a( o* title @1+ United States Code+ in!ldes a !ost *or t%e /rogramesta"lis%ed nder t%is s"se!tion t%at is a"ove ero+ t%e reirements o* !lase 'i( s%all nota//l# to loans made dring s!% /!oming 7s!al #ear. ``'iii( >In t%is s"/aragra/%+t%e term `veteran or s/ose o* a veteran; means>> ``'I( a veteran+ as de7ned in se!tion @'('4(?``'II( an individal w%o is eligi"le to /arti!i/ate in t%e Transition ssistan!e rogram esta"lis%ednder se!tion 1144 o* title 10+ United States Code? ``'III( a mem"er o* a reserve !om/onent o*t%e rmed For!es named in se!tion 10101 o* title 10+ United States Code? ``'IE( t%e s/ose o* anindividal des!ri"ed in s"!lase 'I(+ 'II(+ or 'III(? or ``'E( t%e srviving s/ose 'as de7ned inse!tion 101 o* title @8+ United States Code( o* an individal des!ri"ed in s"!lase 'I(+ 'II(+ or 'III(w%o died w%ile serving on a!tive dt# or as a reslt o* a disa"ilit# t%at is servi!e>!onne!ted 'asde7ned in s!% se!tion(.;;.

HHage 129 STT. 4@8JJS,C. @. &,-&T - CC,SSIBILITA < -UT&,C T- F,KL, E,T,&S BA T, SKLLBUSI,SS


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'a( Se!tion ='a( Fnding Levels.>>T%e t%ird /roviso nder t%e %eading ``"siness loans /rograma!!ont;; nder t%e %eading ``Small Bsiness dministration;; nder title E o* division , o* t%eConsolidated and Frt%er Contining //ro/riations !t+ 2015 '"li! Law 11@>2@5? 128 Stat.2@=1( is amended "# striing ``18+=50+000+000;; and inserting ``2@+500+000+000;;. '"( LoanLimitations.>>Se!tion ='a('1( o* t%e Small Bsiness !t '15 U.S.C. @'a('1(( is amended>> '1( ins"/aragra/% '(>> '( "# striing ``o 7nan!ial assistan!e;; and inserting t%e *ollowing ``'i( Ingeneral.>>o 7nan!ial assistan!e;;? and 'B( "# adding at t%e end t%e *ollowing ``'ii( Liidit#.>>-nand a*ter -!to"er 1+ 2015+ t%e dministrator ma# not garantee a loan nder t%is s"se!tion i*

t%e lender determines t%at t%e "orrower is na"le to o"tain !redit elsew%ere solel# "e!ase t%eliidit# o* t%e lender de/ends /on t%e garanteed /ortion o* t%e loan "eing sold on t%ese!ondar# maret.;;? and '2( "# adding at t%e end t%e *ollowing ``'C( Lending limits o* lenders.>>-n and a*ter -!to"er 1+ 2015+ t%e dministrator ma# not garantee a loan nder t%is s"se!tioni* t%e sole /r/ose *or reesting t%e garantee is to allow t%e lender to eD!eed t%e legal lendinglimit o* t%e lender.;;.

'!( &e/orting.>> '1( >In t%is s"se!tion>> '( t%e term ``dministrator;; means t%edministrator o* t%e Small Bsiness dministration? 'B( t%e term ``"siness loan;; means a loanmade or garanteed nder se!tion ='a( o* t%e Small Bsiness !t '15 U.S.C. @'a((? 'C( t%e term``!an!ellation;; means t%at t%e dministrator a//roves a /ro/osed "siness loan+ "t t%e/ros/e!tive "orrower determines not to tae t%e "siness loan? and '


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( )0S00 I

)-it'd Stat'% od'2 /++9 Editio-

Tit"' ( * GOVERN;ENT ORGANICATION AND E;PLOYEESPART I * TE AGENIES GENERALLY

Fro, t$' )0S0 Go!'r-,'-t Pri-ti-# OKc'2


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901

Amendments

199". L. 104G121+ title II+ P25@+ Kar. 29+ 199+ 110 Stat. 8=4+ added item *or !%a/ter 8.

APTER 1ORGANICATIONSe!.

101.

,De!tive de/artments.

102.

Kilitar# de/artments.

10@.

3overnment !or/oration.

104.

Inde/endent esta"lis%ment.

105.

,De!tive agen!#.

1 ". L. 90G8@ added se!tion 500 to !%a/ter 5 wit%ot maing a !orres/onding !%ange in artanal#sis.

2 ,ditoriall# s//lied. C%a/ter added "# ". L. 9G@54 wit%ot a !orres/onding amendment o*art anal#sis.

P101. ,De!tive de/artmentsT%e ,De!tive de/artments are

T%e


23/262

T%e


24/262

Eective Date of 1988 Amendment

mendment "# ". L. 100G52= eQe!tive Kar. 15+ 1989+ see se!tion 18'a( o* ". L. 100G52=+ setot as a


25/262

". L. 109G@5+ P1'a(+ -!t. 1+ 200+ 120 Stat. 2019+ /rovided t%at )T%is !t Hamendingse!tions 5102+ 8951+ 8981+ and 9001 o* t%is title+ se!tions 202+ 214+ 215"+ 21+ 21a+ 221+ @21+and 181@ o* Title 12+ Bans and Baning+ and se!tion 5=a o* Title 15+ Commer!e and TradeJ ma#"e !ited as t%e ]2005


26/262

title+ and re/ealing /rovisions set ot as notes nder se!tions 8@@ and 8414 o* t%is titleJ ma# "e!ited as t%e ]C%ie* man Ca/ital -6!ers !t o* 2002.

"hort #itle of $1 Amendment

". L. 10=G2=+ P1+ g. 20+ 2001+ 115 Stat. 20=+ /rovided t%at )T%is !t Hamending se!tions8@@5 and 8425 o* t%is titleJ ma# "e !ited as t%e ]Federal Fire7g%ters &etirement ge Fairness!t.

'rohi(ition Against )onstruction #hat *ould Render Applica(le to the Department of

#ransportation 'rovisions of +aw ,nconsistent *ith 'u( + 89.!7 )reating the Department of#ransportation

Se!tion 10'!( o* ". L. 89G=0+ w%i!% /rovided t%at t%e amendment made to t%is se!tion "#se!tion 10'"( o* ". L. 89G=0 was not to "e !onstred to mae a//li!a"le to t%e


27/262

/istorical and Revision 0otes

T%e se!tion is s//lied to avoid t%e ne!essit# *or de7ning )inde/endent esta"lis%ment ea!%time it is sed in t%is title.

Certain agen!ies are not inde/endent esta"lis%ments nder t%e de7nition sin!e t%e# are!onstitent agen!ies or /arts o* an inde/endent esta"lis%ment. owever+ t%ese agen!ies wold!ontine to "e s"e!t to t%e /rovisions o* t%is title a//li!a"le to t%e inde/endent esta"lis%mento* w%i!% t%e# are a !onstitent or /art. lso+ t%e de7nition does not eD/and or a"ridge an# rig%tsor at%orit# /ossessed "# t%ese agen!ies as no s"stantive !%anges are intended+ see se!tion='a( o* t%e "ill.

Amendments

200ar. '1(. ". L. 109G4@5 s"stitted )ostal &eglator# Commission *or )ostal &ateCommission.

2004ar. '2(. ". L. 108G2=1 s"stitted )3overnment !!onta"ilit# -6!e *or )3eneral!!onting -6!e.

19=0ar. '1(. ". L. 91G@=5 inserted )'ot%er t%an t%e United States ostal Servi!e or t%e ostal&ate Commission( a*ter )eDe!tive "ran!%.

Eective Date of 197 Amendmentmendment "# ". L. 91G@=5 eQe!tive wit%in 1 #ear a*ter g. 12+ 19=0+ on date esta"lis%edt%ere*or "# Board o* 3overnors o* United States ostal Servi!e and /"lis%ed "# it in Federal&egister+ see se!tion 15'a( o* ". L. 91G@=5+ set ot as an ,Qe!tive


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@0.

Strategi! /lans.

Amendments

199@". L. 10@G2+ P11'a(+ g. @+ 199@+ 10= Stat. 295+ added item @0.

P@01.


29/262

o* 194=J+ t%e /rovisions o* title IE o* t%e &evised Stattes as now or %erea*ter amended s%all "ea//li!a"le to t%e


30/262

)'2( Aot% organiations t%at !ease to eDist.aragra/% '1( s%all not a//l# to an# #ot%organiation t%at !eases to eDist.

)'@( Waivers.T%e %ead o* a Federal agen!# ma# waive t%e a//li!ation o* /aragra/% '1( to a#ot% organiation wit% res/e!t to ea!% !onvi!tion or investigation des!ri"ed nders"/aragra/% '( or 'B( *or a /eriod o* not more t%an two 7s!al #ears i*

)'( an# senior o6!er 'in!lding an# mem"er o* t%e "oard o* dire!tors( o* t%e #ot% organiationis !onvi!ted o* a !riminal oQense relating to t%e o6!ial dties o* t%at o6!er or t%e #ot%

organiation is !onvi!ted o* a !riminal oQense? or

)'B( t%e #ot% organiation is t%e s"e!t o* a !riminal investigation relating to *radlent se orwaste o* Federal *nds.

)'4( T#/es o* s//ort.S//ort des!ri"ed in /aragra/% '1( in!ldes

)'( at%oriing a #ot% organiation to %old meetings+ !am/ing events+ or ot%er a!tivities onFederal /ro/ert#?

)'B( %osting an# o6!ial event o* a #ot% organiation?

)'C( loaning ei/ment *or t%e se o* a #ot% organiation? and

)'


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)'B( Freen!#.Certi7!ations nder s"/aragra/% '( s%all "e made at s!% intervals and ins!% a manner as t%e Se!retar# o* ealt% and man Servi!es+ wit% t%e !on!rren!e o* t%eSe!retar# o* omeland Se!rit# and t%e Commissioner o* So!ial Se!rit#+ ma# /res!ri"e "#reglation.

)'C( Com/lian!e.,a!% State s%all ensre t%at nits o* lo!al government and ot%er at%oried!stodians o* re!ords in t%e State !om/l# wit% t%is se!tion.

)'


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State a//l#ing *or a grant "ears to t%e estimated average annal nm"er o* "irt% !erti7!atesissed "# all States.

)'C( Kinimm allo!ation.otwit%standing s"/aragra/% 'B(+ ea!% State s%all re!eive not lesst%an 0.5 /er!ent o* t%e grant *nds made availa"le nder t%is /aragra/%.

)'2( ssistan!e in mat!%ing "irt% and deat% re!ords.

)'( In general.T%e Se!retar# o* ealt% and man Servi!es+ in !oordination wit% t%e

Commissioner o* So!ial Se!rit# and ot%er a//ro/riate Federal agen!ies+ s%all award grants toStates+ nder !riteria esta"lis%ed "# t%e Se!retar#+ to assist States in

)'i( !om/teriing t%eir "irt% and deat% re!ords?

)'ii( develo/ing t%e !a/a"ilit# to mat!% "irt% and deat% re!ords wit%in ea!% State and among t%eStates? and

)'iii( noting t%e *a!t o* deat% on t%e "irt% !erti7!ates o* de!eased /ersons.

)'B( llo!ation o* grants.T%e Se!retar# s%all award grants to ali*#ing States nder t%is/aragra/% "ased on t%e /ro/ortion t%at t%e estimated annal average nm"er o* "irt% and deat%re!ords !reated "# a State a//l#ing *or a grant "ears to t%e estimated annal average nm"er o*

"irt% and deat% re!ords originated "# all States.)'C( Kinimm allo!ation.otwit%standing s"/aragra/% 'B(+ ea!% State s%all re!eive not lesst%an 0.5 /er!ent o* t%e grant *nds made availa"le nder t%is /aragra/%.

)'d( t%oriation o* //ro/riations.T%ere are at%oried to "e a//ro/riated to t%e Se!retar#*or ea!% o* t%e 7s!al #ears 2005 t%rog% 2009 s!% sms as ma# "e ne!essar# to !arr# ot t%isse!tion.

,mprovements in ,denti6cation-Related Documents

". L. 104G208+ div. C+ title EI+ P5+ Se/t. @0+ 199+ 110 Stat. @009G=1+ as amended "# ". L.10G9+ title III+ P@55+ -!t. 9+ 1999+ 11@ Stat. 102=+ w%i!% related to standards *or a!!e/tan!e o*"irt% !erti7!ates "# Federal agen!ies *or an# o6!ial /r/ose+ reired t%e Se!retar# o* ealt%and man Servi!es to mae grants to States *or assistan!e in meeting Federal standards and inmat!%ing "irt% and deat% re!ords and *or demonstration /roe!ts+ and reired t%e Se!retar# tos"mit a re/ort to t%e Congress on wa#s to red!e t%e *radlent o"taining and se o* "irt%!erti7!ates+ was re/ealed "# ". L. 108G458+ title EII+ P=211'e(+


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'". L. 89G554+ Se/t. + 19+ 80 Stat. @=9? ". L. 94G18@+ P2'1(+


34/262

Standard !%anges are made to !on*orm wit% t%e de7nitions a//li!a"le and t%e st#le o* t%is titleas otlined in t%e /re*a!e to t%e re/ort.

Amendments

19=". L. 94G21@ designated eDisting /rovisions as s"se!. 'a( and added s"se!. '"(.

P@04. S"/enas'a( T%e %ead o* an ,De!tive de/artment or militar# de/artment or "rea t%ereo* in w%i!% a!laim against t%e United States is /ending ma# a//l# to a dge or !ler o* a !ort o* t%e United

States to isse a s"/ena *or a witness wit%in t%e risdi!tion o* t%e !ort to a//ear at a timeand /la!e stated in t%e s"/ena "e*ore an individal at%oried to tae de/ositions to "e sed int%e !orts o* t%e United States+ to give *ll and tre answers to s!% written interrogatories and!ross>interrogatories as ma# "e s"mitted wit% t%e a//li!ation+ or to "e orall# eDamined and!ross>eDamined on t%e s"e!t o* t%e !laim.

'"( I* a witness+ a*ter "eing served wit% a s"/ena+ negle!ts or re*ses to a//ear+ or+ a//earing+re*ses to testi*#+ t%e dge o* t%e distri!t in w%i!% t%e s"/ena issed ma# /ro!eed+ on /ro/er/ro!ess+ to en*or!e o"edien!e to t%e s"/ena+ or to /nis% *or diso"edien!e+ in t%e same manneras a !ort o* t%e United States ma# in !ase o* /ro!ess o* s"/ena ad testi7!andm issed "# t%e!ort.

'". L. 89G554+ Se/t. + 19+ 80 Stat. @=9.(

istori!al and &evision otes

Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and

Statutes at Large

a 5 U.S.C. 94. &.S. P184.: 5 U.S.C. 9. &.S. P18.In s"se!tion 'a(+ t%e words ),De!tive de/artment are s"stitted *or )de/artment as t%ede7nition o* )de/artment a//li!a"le to t%is se!tion is !oeDtensive wit% t%e de7nition o*),De!tive de/artment in se!tion 101. T%e word )t%ereo* is added to ree!t t%e /ro/errelations%i/ "etween )de/artment and )"rea as ree!ted in title IE o* t%e &evised Stattes

o* 18=8. T%e words )in an# State+


35/262


P@05. S#stemati! agen!# review o* o/erations'a( For t%e /r/ose o* t%is se!tion+ )agen!# means an ,De!tive agen!#+ "t does not in!lde

'1( a 3overnment !ontrolled !or/oration?

'2( t%e Tennessee Ealle# t%orit#?

'@( t%e Eirgin Islands Cor/oration?

'4( t%e tomi! ,nerg# Commission?

'5( t%e Central Intelligen!e gen!#?

'( t%e anama Canal Commission? or

'=( t%e ational Se!rit# gen!#+


36/262

Credit Cor/orations and Federal Intermediate Credit Bans in *ormer se!tion 1082'18( and '19(are omitted as t%e# are no longer )!or/orations w%oll# owned "# t%e United States. Under t%eFarm Credit !t o* 195+ =0 Stat. 59+ t%e rod!tion Credit Cor/orations were merged in t%eFederal Intermediate Credit Bans+ and /rsant to t%at !t t%e Federal Intermediate CreditBans %ave !eased to "e !or/orations w%oll# owned "# t%e United States.

In s"se!tion 'a('=(+ t%e words )anama Canal Com/an# are s"stitted *or )anama &ailroadCom/an# on at%orit# o* t%e !t o* Se/t. 2+ 1950+ !%. 1049+ P2'a('2(+ 4 Stat. 10@8.


Amendments

198@S"se!. 'a('@( to '8(. ". L. 9=G48 str! ot /ar. '@(+ w%i!% eD!lded T%e lasa&ailroad+ and redesignated /ars. '4( to '8( as '@( to '=(+ res/e!tivel#.

19=9S"se!. 'a('=(. ". L. 9G=0 s"stitted )Commission *or )Com/an#.

S"se!. '"(. ". L. 9G54 s"stitted )resident *or )


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'1( a !om/re%ensive mission statement !overing t%e maor *n!tions and o/erations o* t%eagen!#?

'2( general goals and o"e!tives+ in!lding ot!ome>related goals and o"e!tives+ *or t%e maor*n!tions and o/erations o* t%e agen!#?

'@( a des!ri/tion o* %ow t%e goals and o"e!tives are to "e a!%ieved+ in!lding a des!ri/tion o*t%e o/erational /ro!esses+ sills and te!%nolog#+ and t%e %man+ !a/ital+ in*ormation+ and ot%erresor!es reired to meet t%ose goals and o"e!tives?

'4( a des!ri/tion o* %ow t%e /er*orman!e goals in!lded in t%e /lan reired "# se!tion 1115'a(o* title @1 s%all "e related to t%e general goals and o"e!tives in t%e strategi! /lan?

'5( an identi7!ation o* t%ose e# *a!tors eDternal to t%e agen!# and "e#ond its !ontrol t%at !oldsigni7!antl# aQe!t t%e a!%ievement o* t%e general goals and o"e!tives? and

'( a des!ri/tion o* t%e /rogram evalations sed in esta"lis%ing or revising general goals ando"e!tives+ wit% a s!%edle *or *tre /rogram evalations.

'"( T%e strategi! /lan s%all !over a /eriod o* not less t%an 7ve #ears *orward *rom t%e 7s!al #earin w%i!% it is s"mitted. T%e strategi! /lan s%all "e /dated and revised at least ever# t%ree#ears+ eD!e/t t%at t%e strategi! /lan *or t%e


38/262

)onstruction

o /rovision or amendment made "# ". L. 10@G2 to "e !onstred as !reating an# rig%t+/rivilege+ "ene7t+ or entitlement *or an# /erson w%o is not an o6!er or em/lo#ee o* t%e UnitedStates a!ting in s!% !a/a!it#+ and no /erson not an o6!er or em/lo#ee o* t%e United Statesa!ting in s!% !a/a!it# to %ave standing to 7le an# !ivil a!tion in an# !ort o* t%e United Statesto en*or!e an# /rovision or amendment made "# ". L. 10@G2+ or to "e !onstred ass/erseding an# stattor# reirement+ see se!tion 10 o* ". L. 10@G2+ set ot as a note nderse!tion 1115 o* Title @1+ Kone# and Finan!e.

APTER (AD;INISTRATIVE PROED)RE

":5)/A'#ER ,;


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n!illar# matters.

55.

earings? /residing em/lo#ees? /owers and dties? "rden o* /roo*? eviden!e? re!ord as "asis o*de!ision.

55=.

Initial de!isions? !on!lsiveness? review "# agen!#? s"missions "# /arties? !ontents o*

de!isions? re!ord.

558.

Im/osition o* san!tions? determination o* a//li!ations *or li!enses? ss/ension+ revo!ation+ andeD/iration o* li!enses.

559.

,Qe!t on ot%er laws? eQe!t o* s"seent statte.

":5)/A'#ER ,,,;0E


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t%oriation o* a//ro/riations.

":5)/A'#ER ,;A+#ER0A#,E 4EA0" 2 D,"':#E RE"2+:#,20 ,0 #/E AD4,0,"#RA#,E

'R2)E""

5=1.


41/262

":5)/A'#ER ;AD4,0,"#RA#,E )20ERE0)E 2 #/E :0,#ED "#A#E"

591.

r/oses.

592.


42/262

19=4". L. 9@G5=9+ P4+


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"# more t%an one s!% ali7ed re/resentative+ servi!e on an# one o* t%e re/resentatives iss6!ient.

'dded ". L. 90G8@+ P1'1('(+ Se/t. 11+ 19=+ 81 Stat. 195? amended ". L. 10G11@+ div. B+P1000'a('9( Htitle IE+ P4=@2'"('2(J+ ov. 29+ 1999+ 11@ Stat. 15@+ 1501G58@.(


Section of title 5 Source (U.S. Code) Source (Revised Statutes

at Large)(++a 5 //. 1014. ov. 8+ 195+ ". L. 89G@@2+

P@+ =9 Stat. 1281.(++:M' 5 //. 1012. ov. 8+ 195+ ". L. 89G@@2+

P1+ =9 Stat. 1281.(++f 5 //. 101@. ov. 8+ 195+ ". L. 89G@@2+

P2+ =9 Stat. 1281.T%e de7nition o* )State in s"se!tion 'a('2( is s//lied *or !onvenien!e and is "ased on t%ewords )State+ /ossession+ territor#+ Commonwealt%+ or


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P502. dministrative /ra!ti!e? &eserves and ational 3ardsmenKem"ers%i/ in a reserve !om/onent o* t%e armed *or!es or in t%e ational 3ard does not/revent an individal *rom /ra!ti!ing %is !ivilian /ro*ession or o!!/ation "e*ore+ or in !onne!tionwit%+ an agen!# o* t%e United States.

'". L. 89G554+ Se/t. + 19+ 80 Stat. @81.(


Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes andStatutes at Large

5 U.S.C. @0r'!( '2d senten!e(. g. 10+ 195+ !%. 1041+P29'!( '2d senten!e(+ =0Stat. @2.


P50@. Witness *ees and allowan!es'a( For t%e /r/ose o* t%is se!tion+ )agen!# %as t%e meaning given it "# se!tion 5=21 o* t%istitle.

'"( witness is entitled to t%e *ees and allowan!es allowed "# statte *or witnesses in t%e !ortso* t%e United States w%en

'1( %e is s"/enaed nder se!tion @04'a( o* t%is title? or

'2( %e is s"/enaed to and a//ears at a %earing "e*ore an agen!# at%oried "# law to %old%earings and s"/ena witnesses to attend t%e %earings.

'". L. 89G554+ Se/t. + 19+ 80 Stat. @81.(


Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and

Statutes at Large5 U.S.C. 95. &.S. P185.

5 U.S.C. 95a. g. 2+ 194+ !%. =44+ P10+ 0Stat. 809.

Former se!tions 95 and 95a are !om"ined and restated *or !larit# and "revit#. T%e words )oreD/enses in t%e !ase o* 3overnment o6!ers and em/lo#ees are omitted as !overed "# se!tion182@ o* title 28. T%e word )agen!# is s"stitted *or )de/artment and de7ned to !on*orm tot%e de7nition o* )de/artment in se!tion 18 o* t%e !t o* g. 2+ 194+ !%. =44+ 0 Stat. 811.

T%is se!tion was /art o* title IE o* t%e &evised Stattes. T%e !t o* $l# 2+ 194=+ !%. @4@+P201'd(+ as added g. 10+ 1949+ !%. 412+ P4+ @ Stat. 5=9 '*ormer 5 U.S.C. 1=1G1(+ w%i!%

/rovides ),D!e/t to t%e eDtent in!onsistent wit% t%e /rovisions o* t%is !t Hational Se!rit# !to* 194=J+ t%e /rovisions o* title IE o* t%e &evised Stattes as now or %erea*ter amended s%all "ea//li!a"le to t%e


45/262

was s"stantiall# sti7ed or t%at s/e!ial !ir!mstan!es mae an award nst. W%et%er or nott%e /osition o* t%e agen!# was s"stantiall# sti7ed s%all "e determined on t%e "asis o* t%eadministrative re!ord+ as a w%ole+ w%i!% is made in t%e adversar# addi!ation *or w%i!% *ees andot%er eD/enses are sog%t.

'2( /art# seeing an award o* *ees and ot%er eD/enses s%all+ wit%in t%irt# da#s o* a 7naldis/osition in t%e adversar# addi!ation+ s"mit to t%e agen!# an a//li!ation w%i!% s%ows t%att%e /art# is a /revailing /art# and is eligi"le to re!eive an award nder t%is se!tion+ and t%eamont sog%t+ in!lding an itemied statement *rom an# attorne#+ agent+ or eD/ert witnessre/resenting or a//earing in "e%al* o* t%e /art# stating t%e a!tal time eD/ended and t%e rate atw%i!% *ees and ot%er eD/enses were !om/ted. T%e /art# s%all also allege t%at t%e /osition o*t%e agen!# was not s"stantiall# sti7ed. W%en t%e United States a//eals t%e nderl#ing meritso* an adversar# addi!ation+ no de!ision on an a//li!ation *or *ees and ot%er eD/enses in!onne!tion wit% t%at adversar# addi!ation s%all "e made nder t%is se!tion ntil a 7nal andnreviewa"le de!ision is rendered "# t%e !ort on t%e a//eal or ntil t%e nderl#ing merits o* t%e!ase %ave "een 7nall# determined /rsant to t%e a//eal.

'@( T%e addi!ative o6!er o* t%e agen!# ma# red!e t%e amont to "e awarded+ or den# anaward+ to t%e eDtent t%at t%e /art# dring t%e !orse o* t%e /ro!eedings engaged in !ond!tw%i!% ndl# and nreasona"l# /rotra!ted t%e 7nal resoltion o* t%e matter in !ontrovers#. T%e

de!ision o* t%e addi!ative o6!er o* t%e agen!# nder t%is se!tion s%all "e made a /art o* t%ere!ord !ontaining t%e 7nal de!ision o* t%e agen!# and s%all in!lde written 7ndings and!on!lsions and t%e reason or "asis t%ere*or. T%e de!ision o* t%e agen!# on t%e a//li!ation *or*ees and ot%er eD/enses s%all "e t%e 7nal administrative de!ision nder t%is se!tion.

'4( I*+ in an adversar# addi!ation arising *rom an agen!# a!tion to en*or!e a /art#;s !om/lian!ewit% a stattor# or reglator# reirement+ t%e demand "# t%e agen!# is s"stantiall# in eD!esso* t%e de!ision o* t%e addi!ative o6!er and is nreasona"le w%en !om/ared wit% s!%de!ision+ nder t%e *a!ts and !ir!mstan!es o* t%e !ase+ t%e addi!ative o6!er s%all award tot%e /art# t%e *ees and ot%er eD/enses related to de*ending against t%e eD!essive demand+nless t%e /art# %as !ommitted a will*l violation o* law or ot%erwise a!ted in "ad *ait%+ ors/e!ial !ir!mstan!es mae an award nst. Fees and eD/enses awarded nder t%is /aragra/%

s%all "e /aid onl# as a !onseen!e o* a//ro/riations /rovided in advan!e.

'"('1( For t%e /r/oses o* t%is se!tion

'( )*ees and ot%er eD/enses in!ldes t%e reasona"le eD/enses o* eD/ert witnesses+ t%ereasona"le !ost o* an# std#+ anal#sis+ engineering re/ort+ test+ or /roe!t w%i!% is *ond "# t%eagen!# to "e ne!essar# *or t%e /re/aration o* t%e /art#;s !ase+ and reasona"le attorne# or agent*ees 'T%e amont o* *ees awarded nder t%is se!tion s%all "e "ased /on /revailing maret rates*or t%e ind and alit# o* t%e servi!es *rnis%ed+ eD!e/t t%at 'i( no eD/ert witness s%all "e!om/ensated at a rate in eD!ess o* t%e %ig%est rate o* !om/ensation *or eD/ert witnesses /aid"# t%e agen!# involved+ and 'ii( attorne# or agent *ees s%all not "e awarded in eD!ess o* 125/er %or nless t%e agen!# determines "# reglation t%at an in!rease in t%e !ost o* living or a

s/e!ial *a!tor+ s!% as t%e limited availa"ilit# o* ali7ed attorne#s or agents *or t%e /ro!eedingsinvolved+ sti7es a %ig%er *ee.(?

'B( )/art# means a /art#+ as de7ned in se!tion 551'@( o* t%is title+ w%o is 'i( an individal w%osenet wort% did not eD!eed 2+000+000 at t%e time t%e adversar# addi!ation was initiated+ or 'ii(an# owner o* an nin!or/orated "siness+ or an# /artners%i/+ !or/oration+ asso!iation+ nit o*lo!al government+ or organiation+ t%e net wort% o* w%i!% did not eD!eed =+000+000 at t%e timet%e adversar# addi!ation was initiated+ and w%i!% %ad not more t%an 500 em/lo#ees at t%etime t%e adversar# addi!ation was initiated? eD!e/t t%at an organiation des!ri"ed in se!tion501'!('@( o* t%e Internal &evene Code o* 198 '2 U.S.C. 501'!('@(( eDem/t *rom taDation nderse!tion 501'a( o* s!% Code+ or a !oo/erative asso!iation as de7ned in se!tion 15'a( o* t%e


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gri!ltral Kareting !t '12 U.S.C. 1141'a((+ ma# "e a /art# regardless o* t%e net wort% o*s!% organiation or !oo/erative asso!iation or *or /r/oses o* s"se!tion 'a('4(+ a small entit#as de7ned in se!tion 01?

'C( )adversar# addi!ation means 'i( an addi!ation nder se!tion 554 o* t%is title in w%i!% t%e/osition o* t%e United States is re/resented "# !onsel or ot%erwise+ "t eD!ldes anaddi!ation *or t%e /r/ose o* esta"lis%ing or 7Ding a rate or *or t%e /r/ose o* granting orrenewing a li!ense+ 'ii( an# a//eal o* a de!ision made /rsant to se!tion o* t%e Contra!t


47/262

awards+ t%e !laims involved in t%e !ontrovers#+ and an# ot%er relevant in*ormation w%i!% ma#aid t%e Congress in evalating t%e s!o/e and im/a!t o* s!% awards. ,a!% agen!# s%all /rovidet%e C%airman wit% s!% in*ormation as is ne!essar# *or t%e C%airman to !om/l# wit% t%ereirements o* t%is s"se!tion.

'*( o award ma# "e made nder t%is se!tion *or !osts+ *ees+ or ot%er eD/enses w%i!% ma# "eawarded nder se!tion =4@0 o* t%e Internal &evene Code o* 198.

'dded ". L. 9G481+ title II+ P20@'a('1(+ '!(+ -!t. 21+ 1980+ 94 Stat. 2@25+ 2@2=? revived and

amended ". L. 99G80+ PP1+ + g. 5+ 1985+ 99 Stat. 18@+ 18? ". L. 99G509+ title EI+ P10@'!(+-!t. 21+ 198+ 100 Stat. 1948? ". L. 99G514+ P2+ -!t. 22+ 198+ 100 Stat. 2095? ". L. 100G4=+ title EI+ P2@9'"(+ ov. 10+ 1988+ 102 Stat. @=4? ". L. 10@G141+ P4'"(+ ov. 1+ 199@+ 10=Stat. 1489? ". L. 104G121+ title II+ P2@1+ Kar. 29+ 199+ 110 Stat. 82.(

References in #e>t

T%e &eligios Freedom &estoration !t o* 199@+ re*erred to in s"se!. '"('1('C('iv(+ is ". L. 10@G141+ ov. 1+ 199@+ 10= Stat. 1488+ w%i!% is !lassi7ed /rin!i/all# to !%a/ter 21B 'P2000"" etse.( o* Title 42+ T%e "li! ealt% and Wel*are. For !om/lete !lassi7!ation o* t%is !t to t%eCode+ see S%ort Title note set ot nder se!tion 2000"" o* Title 42 and Ta"les.

Se!tion =4@0 o* t%e Internal &evene Code o* 198+ re*erred to in s"se!. '*(+ is !lassi7ed to

se!tion =4@0 o* Title 2+ Internal &evene Code.

Amendments

199S"se!. 'a('4(. ". L. 104G121+ P2@1'a(+ added /ar. '4(.

S"se!. '"('1('('ii(. ". L. 104G121+ P2@1'"('1(+ s"stitted )125 *or )=5.

S"se!. '"('1('B(. ". L. 104G121+ P2@1'"('2(+ inserted "e*ore semi!olon at end )or *or /r/oseso* s"se!tion 'a('4(+ a small entit# as de7ned in se!tion 01.

S"se!. '"('1('F(. ". L. 104G121+ P2@1'"('@(G'5(+ added s"/ar. 'F(.

199@S"se!. '"('1('C(. ". L. 10@G141 added !l. 'iv(.

1988S"se!. '*(. ". L. 100G4= added s"se!. '*(.

198S"se!. '"('1('B(. ". L. 99G514 s"stitted )Internal &evene Code o* 198 *or)Internal &evene Code o* 1954.

S"se!. '"('1('C('iii(. ". L. 99G509 added !l. 'iii(.

1985S"se!. 'a('1(. ". L. 99G80+ P1'a('1(+ '2(+ str! ot )as a /art# to t%e /ro!eeding a*ter)t%e /osition o* t%e agen!#+ and inserted )W%et%er or not t%e /osition o* t%e agen!# wass"stantiall# sti7ed s%all "e determined on t%e "asis o* t%e administrative re!ord+ as a w%ole+w%i!% is made in t%e adversar# addi!ation *or w%i!% *ees and ot%er eD/enses are sog%t.

S"se!. 'a('2(. ". L. 99G80+ P1'"(+ inserted )W%en t%e United States a//eals t%e nderl#ingmerits o* an adversar# addi!ation+ no de!ision on an a//li!ation *or *ees and ot%er eD/enses in!onne!tion wit% t%at adversar# addi!ation s%all "e made nder t%is se!tion ntil a 7nal andnreviewa"le de!ision is rendered "# t%e !ort on t%e a//eal or ntil t%e nderl#ing merits o* t%e!ase %ave "een 7nall# determined /rsant to t%e a//eal.

S"se!. 'a('@(. ". L. 99G80+ P1'a('@(+ inserted )T%e de!ision o* t%e agen!# on t%e a//li!ation*or *ees and ot%er eD/enses s%all "e t%e 7nal administrative de!ision nder t%is se!tion.

S"se!. '"('1('B(. ". L. 99G80+ P1'!('1(+ amended s"/ar. 'B( generall#. rior to amendment+s"/ar. 'B( read as *ollows ) ]/art# means a /art#+ as de7ned in se!tion 551'@( o* t%is title+w%i!% is an individal+ /artners%i/+ !or/oration+ asso!iation+ or /"li! or /rivate organiation


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ot%er t%an an agen!#+ "t eD!ldes 'i( an# individal w%ose net wort% eD!eeded 1+000+000 att%e time t%e adversar# addi!ation was initiated+ and an# sole owner o* an nin!or/orated"siness+ or an# /artners%i/+ !or/oration+ asso!iation+ or organiation w%ose net wort% eD!eeded5+000+000 at t%e time t%e adversar# addi!ation was initiated+ eD!e/t t%at an organiationdes!ri"ed in se!tion 501'!('@( o* t%e Internal &evene Code o* 1954 '2 U.S.C. 501'!('@(( eDem/t*rom taDation nder se!tion 501'a( o* t%e Code and a !oo/erative asso!iation as de7ned inse!tion 15'a( o* t%e gri!ltral Kareting !t '12 U.S.C. 1141'a((+ ma# "e a /art# regardless o*t%e net wort% o* s!% organiation or !oo/erative asso!iation+ and 'ii( an# sole owner o* an

nin!or/orated "siness+ or an# /artners%i/+ !or/oration+ asso!iation+ or organiation+ %avingmore t%an 500 em/lo#ees at t%e time t%e adversar# addi!ation was initiated?.

S"se!. '"('1('C(. ". L. 99G80+ P1'!('2(+ designated eDisting /rovisions o* s"/ar. 'C( as !l. 'i(t%ereo* "# inserting )'i( "e*ore )an addi!ation nder+ added !l. 'ii(+ and str! ot )and a*tert%e semi!olon at t%e end.

S"se!. '"('1('


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Eective Date of 198! Amendment

mendment "# ". L. 99G509 eQe!tive -!t. 21+ 198+ and a//li!a"le to an# !laim or statementmade+ /resented or s"mitted on or a*ter s!% date+ see se!tion 104 o* ". L. 99G509+ set otas an ,Qe!tive


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#ermination of Administrative )onference of :nited "tates

For termination o* dministrative Con*eren!e o* United States+ see /rovision o* title IE o* ". L.104G52+ set ot as a note /re!eding se!tion 591 o* t%is title.

'rohi(ition on :se of Energy and *ater Development Appropriations #o 'ay ,ntervening 'arties

in Regulatory or Ad@udicatory 'roceedings

". L. 102G@==+ title E+ P502+ -!t. 2+ 1992+ 10 Stat. 1@42+ /rovided t%at )one o* t%e *nds int%is !t or s"seent ,nerg# and Water


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SUBCT,& II


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'=( )addi!ation means agen!# /ro!ess *or t%e *ormlation o* an order?

'8( )li!ense in!ldes t%e w%ole or a /art o* an agen!# /ermit+ !erti7!ate+ a//roval+ registration+!%arter+ mem"ers%i/+ stattor# eDem/tion or ot%er *orm o* /ermission?

'9( )li!ensing in!ldes agen!# /ro!ess res/e!ting t%e grant+ renewal+ denial+ revo!ation+ss/ension+ annlment+ wit%drawal+ limitation+ amendment+ modi7!ation+ or !onditioning o* ali!ense?

'10( )san!tion in!ldes t%e w%ole or a /art o* an agen!#'( /ro%i"ition+ reirement+ limitation+ or ot%er !ondition aQe!ting t%e *reedom o* a /erson?

'B( wit%%olding o* relie*?

'C( im/osition o* /enalt# or 7ne?

'


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0 Stat. 99@. Kar. @1+ 194=+ !%. @0+ P'a(+

1 Stat. @=. $ne @0+ 194=+ !%. 1@+ P210+

1 Stat. 201. Kar. @0+ 1948+ !%. 11+ P@01+

2 Stat. 99./M1 5 U.S.C. 1001 'less 'a((. $ne 11+ 194+ !%. @24+ P2

'less 'a((+ 0 Stat. 2@=.In /aragra/% '1(+ t%e senten!e )ot%ing in t%is !t s%all "e !onstred to re/eal delegations o*at%orit# as /rovided "# law+ is omitted as sr/lsage sin!e t%ere is not%ing in t%e !t w%i!%!old reasona"l# "e so !onstred.

In /aragra/% '1('3(+ t%e words )or naval are omitted as in!lded in )militar#.

In /aragra/% '1('(+ t%e words )*n!tions w%i!% "# law eD/ire on t%e termination o* /resent%ostilities+ wit%in an# 7Ded /eriod t%erea*ter+ or "e*ore $l# 1+ 194= are omitted as eDe!ted.&e*eren!e to t%e )Sele!tive Training and Servi!e !t o* 1940 is omitted as t%at !t eD/ired Kar.@1+ 194=. &e*eren!e to t%e )Sgar Control ,Dtension !t o* 194= is omitted as t%at !t eD/iredon Kar. @1+ 1948. &e*eren!es to t%e )osing and &ent !t o* 194=+ as amended and t%e

)Eeterans ,mergen!# osing !t o* 194 %ave "een !onsolidated as t%e# are related. T%ere*eren!e to *ormer se!tion 141'"('2( o* title 50+ a//endiD+ is retained notwit%standing itsre/eal "# P111'a('1( o* t%e !t o* Se/t. 21+ 191+ ". L. 8=G25+ =5 Stat. 5@8+ sin!e P111'!( o*t%e !t /rovides t%at a re*eren!e in ot%er !ts to a /rovision o* law re/ealed "# P111'a( s%all "e!onsidered to "e a re*eren!e to t%e a//ro/riate /rovisions o* ". L. 8=G25.

In /aragra/% '2(+ t%e words )o* an# !%ara!ter are omitted as sr/lsage.

In /aragra/% '@(+ t%e words )and a /erson or agen!# admitted "# an agen!# as a /art# *orlimited /r/oses are s"stitted *or )"t not%ing %erein s%all "e !onstred to /revent anagen!# *rom admitting an# /erson or agen!# as a /art# *or limited /r/oses.

In /aragra/% '9(+ a !omma is s//lied "etween t%e words )limitation and )amendment to!orre!t an editorial error o* omission.

In /aragra/% '10('C(+ t%e words )o* an# *orm are omitted as sr/lsage.


)odi6cation

Se!tion 551 o* *ormer Title 5+ ,De!tive


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)'a( Std# on Use o* dministrative S"/oenas.ot later t%an


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"e /"lis%ed in t%e Federal &egister and not so /"lis%ed. For t%e /r/ose o* t%is /aragra/%+matter reasona"l# availa"le to t%e !lass o* /ersons aQe!ted t%ere"# is deemed /"lis%ed in t%eFederal &egister w%en in!or/orated "# re*eren!e t%erein wit% t%e a//roval o* t%e


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'@('( ,D!e/t wit% res/e!t to t%e re!ords made availa"le nder /aragra/%s '1( and '2( o* t%iss"se!tion+ and eD!e/t as /rovided in s"/aragra/% ',(+ ea!% agen!#+ /on an# reest *orre!ords w%i!% 'i( reasona"l# des!ri"es s!% re!ords and 'ii( is made in a!!ordan!e wit% /"lis%edrles stating t%e time+ /la!e+ *ees 'i* an#(+ and /ro!edres to "e *ollowed+ s%all mae t%e re!ords/rom/tl# availa"le to an# /erson.

'B( In maing an# re!ord availa"le to a /erson nder t%is /aragra/%+ an agen!# s%all /rovide t%ere!ord in an# *orm or *ormat reested "# t%e /erson i* t%e re!ord is readil# re/rod!i"le "# t%eagen!# in t%at *orm or *ormat. ,a!% agen!# s%all mae reasona"le eQorts to maintain its re!ordsin *orms or *ormats t%at are re/rod!i"le *or /r/oses o* t%is se!tion.

'C( In res/onding nder t%is /aragra/% to a reest *or re!ords+ an agen!# s%all mae reasona"leeQorts to sear!% *or t%e re!ords in ele!troni! *orm or *ormat+ eD!e/t w%en s!% eQorts woldsigni7!antl# inter*ere wit% t%e o/eration o* t%e agen!#;s atomated in*ormation s#stem.

'


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t%e term )news means in*ormation t%at is a"ot !rrent events or t%at wold "e o* !rrentinterest to t%e /"li!. ,Dam/les o* news>media entities are television or radio stations"road!asting to t%e /"li! at large and /"lis%ers o* /eriodi!als '"t onl# i* s!% entities ali*#as disseminators o* )news( w%o mae t%eir /rod!ts availa"le *or /r!%ase "# or s"s!ri/tion "#or *ree distri"tion to t%e general /"li!. T%ese eDam/les are not all>in!lsive. Koreover+ asmet%ods o* news deliver# evolve '*or eDam/le+ t%e ado/tion o* t%e ele!troni! dissemination o*news/a/ers t%rog% tele!ommni!ations servi!es(+ s!% alternative media s%all "e !onsidered to"e news>media entities. *reelan!e ornalist s%all "e regarded as woring *or a news>media

entit# i* t%e ornalist !an demonstrate a solid "asis *or eD/e!ting /"li!ation t%rog% t%at entit#+w%et%er or not t%e ornalist is a!tall# em/lo#ed "# t%e entit#. /"li!ation !ontra!t wold/resent a solid "asis *or s!% an eD/e!tation? t%e 3overnment ma# also !onsider t%e /ast/"li!ation re!ord o* t%e reester in maing s!% a determination.

'iii(


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s!% agen!# re!ords in !amera to determine w%et%er s!% re!ords or an# /art t%ereo* s%all "ewit%%eld nder an# o* t%e eDem/tions set *ort% in s"se!tion '"( o* t%is se!tion+ and t%e "rdenis on t%e agen!# to sstain its a!tion. In addition to an# ot%er matters to w%i!% a !ort a!!ordss"stantial weig%t+ a !ort s%all a!!ord s"stantial weig%t to an a6davit o* an agen!#!on!erning t%e agen!#;s determination as to te!%ni!al *easi"ilit# nder /aragra/% '2('C( ands"se!tion '"( and re/rod!i"ilit# nder /aragra/% '@('B(.

'C( otwit%standing an# ot%er /rovision o* law+ t%e de*endant s%all serve an answer or ot%erwise/lead to an# !om/laint made nder t%is s"se!tion wit%in t%irt# da#s a*ter servi!e /on t%ede*endant o* t%e /leading in w%i!% s!% !om/laint is made+ nless t%e !ort ot%erwise dire!ts *orgood !ase s%own.

H'


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'5( ,a!% agen!# %aving more t%an one mem"er s%all maintain and mae availa"le *or /"li!ins/e!tion a re!ord o* t%e 7nal votes o* ea!% mem"er in ever# agen!# /ro!eeding.

'('( ,a!% agen!#+ /on an# reest *or re!ords made nder /aragra/% '1(+ '2(+ or '@( o* t%iss"se!tion+ s%all

'i( determine wit%in 20 da#s 'eD!e/ting Satrda#s+ Snda#s+ and legal /"li! %olida#s( a*ter t%ere!ei/t o* an# s!% reest w%et%er to !om/l# wit% s!% reest and s%all immediatel# noti*#t%e /erson maing s!% reest o* s!% determination and t%e reasons t%ere*or+ and o* t%e rig%t

o* s!% /erson to a//eal to t%e %ead o* t%e agen!# an# adverse determination? and

'ii( mae a determination wit% res/e!t to an# a//eal wit%in twent# da#s 'eD!e/ting Satrda#s+Snda#s+ and legal /"li! %olida#s( a*ter t%e re!ei/t o* s!% a//eal. I* on a//eal t%e denial o* t%ereest *or re!ords is in w%ole or in /art /%eld+ t%e agen!# s%all noti*# t%e /erson maing s!%reest o* t%e /rovisions *or di!ial review o* t%at determination nder /aragra/% '4( o* t%iss"se!tion.

T%e 20>da# /eriod nder !lase 'i( s%all !ommen!e on t%e date on w%i!% t%e reest is 7rst

re!eived "# t%e a//ro/riate !om/onent o* t%e agen!#+ "t in an# event not later t%an ten da#sa*ter t%e reest is 7rst re!eived "# an# !om/onent o* t%e agen!# t%at is designated in t%eagen!#;s reglations nder t%is se!tion to re!eive reests nder t%is se!tion. T%e 20>da# /eriods%all not "e tolled "# t%e agen!# eD!e/t

'I( t%at t%e agen!# ma# mae one reest to t%e reester *or in*ormation and toll t%e 20>da#/eriod w%ile it is awaiting s!% in*ormation t%at it %as reasona"l# reested *rom t%e reesternder t%is se!tion? or

'II( i* ne!essar# to !lari*# wit% t%e reester isses regarding *ee assessment. In eit%er !ase+ t%eagen!#;s re!ei/t o* t%e reester;s res/onse to t%e agen!#;s reest *or in*ormation or!lari7!ation ends t%e tolling /eriod.

'B('i( In nsal !ir!mstan!es as s/e!i7ed in t%is s"/aragra/%+ t%e time limits /res!ri"ed ineit%er !lase 'i( or !lase 'ii( o* s"/aragra/% '( ma# "e eDtended "# written noti!e to t%e/erson maing s!% reest setting *ort% t%e nsal !ir!mstan!es *or s!% eDtension and t%edate on w%i!% a determination is eD/e!ted to "e dis/at!%ed. o s!% noti!e s%all s/e!i*# a datet%at wold reslt in an eDtension *or more t%an ten woring da#s+ eD!e/t as /rovided in !lase'ii( o* t%is s"/aragra/%.

'ii( Wit% res/e!t to a reest *or w%i!% a written noti!e nder !lase 'i( eDtends t%e time limits/res!ri"ed nder !lase 'i( o* s"/aragra/% '(+ t%e agen!# s%all noti*# t%e /erson maing t%e

reest i* t%e reest !annot "e /ro!essed wit%in t%e time limit s/e!i7ed in t%at !lase and s%all/rovide t%e /erson an o//ortnit# to limit t%e s!o/e o* t%e reest so t%at it ma# "e /ro!essedwit%in t%at time limit or an o//ortnit# to arrange wit% t%e agen!# an alternative time *rame *or/ro!essing t%e reest or a modi7ed reest. To aid t%e reester+ ea!% agen!# s%all maeavaila"le its F-I "li! Liaison+ w%o s%all assist in t%e resoltion o* an# dis/tes "etween t%ereester and t%e agen!#. &e*sal "# t%e /erson to reasona"l# modi*# t%e reest or arranges!% an alternative time *rame s%all "e !onsidered as a *a!tor in determining w%et%ereD!e/tional !ir!mstan!es eDist *or /r/oses o* s"/aragra/% 'C(.

'iii( s sed in t%is s"/aragra/%+ )nsal !ir!mstan!es means+ "t onl# to t%e eDtentreasona"l# ne!essar# to t%e /ro/er /ro!essing o* t%e /arti!lar reests


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'I( t%e need to sear!% *or and !olle!t t%e reested re!ords *rom 7eld *a!ilities or ot%eresta"lis%ments t%at are se/arate *rom t%e o6!e /ro!essing t%e reest?

'II( t%e need to sear!% *or+ !olle!t+ and a//ro/riatel# eDamine a volminos amont o* se/arateand distin!t re!ords w%i!% are demanded in a single reest? or

'III( t%e need *or !onsltation+ w%i!% s%all "e !ond!ted wit% all /ra!ti!a"le s/eed+ wit% anot%eragen!# %aving a s"stantial interest in t%e determination o* t%e reest or among two or more!om/onents o* t%e agen!# %aving s"stantial s"e!t>matter interest t%erein.

'iv( ,a!% agen!# ma# /romlgate reglations+ /rsant to noti!e and re!ei/t o* /"li! !omment+/roviding *or t%e aggregation o* !ertain reests "# t%e same reestor+ or "# a gro/ o*reestors a!ting in !on!ert+ i* t%e agen!# reasona"l# "elieves t%at s!% reests a!tall#!onstitte a single reest+ w%i!% wold ot%erwise satis*# t%e nsal !ir!mstan!es s/e!i7ed int%is s"/aragra/%+ and t%e reests involve !learl# related matters. Klti/le reests involvingnrelated matters s%all not "e aggregated.

'C('i( n# /erson maing a reest to an# agen!# *or re!ords nder /aragra/% '1(+ '2(+ or '@( o*

t%is s"se!tion s%all "e deemed to %ave eD%asted %is administrative remedies wit% res/e!t tos!% reest i* t%e agen!# *ails to !om/l# wit% t%e a//li!a"le time limit /rovisions o* t%is/aragra/%. I* t%e 3overnment !an s%ow eD!e/tional !ir!mstan!es eDist and t%at t%e agen!# iseDer!ising de diligen!e in res/onding to t%e reest+ t%e !ort ma# retain risdi!tion and allowt%e agen!# additional time to !om/lete its review o* t%e re!ords. U/on an# determination "# anagen!# to !om/l# wit% a reest *or re!ords+ t%e re!ords s%all "e made /rom/tl# availa"le tos!% /erson maing s!% reest. n# noti7!ation o* denial o* an# reest *or re!ords nder t%iss"se!tion s%all set *ort% t%e names and titles or /ositions o* ea!% /erson res/onsi"le *or t%edenial o* s!% reest.

'ii( For /r/oses o* t%is s"/aragra/%+ t%e term )eD!e/tional !ir!mstan!es does not in!lde adela# t%at reslts *rom a /redi!ta"le agen!# worload o* reests nder t%is se!tion+ nless t%e

agen!# demonstrates reasona"le /rogress in red!ing its "a!log o* /ending reests.

'iii( &e*sal "# a /erson to reasona"l# modi*# t%e s!o/e o* a reest or arrange an alternativetime *rame *or /ro!essing a reest 'or a modi7ed reest( nder !lase 'ii( a*ter "eing given ano//ortnit# to do so "# t%e agen!# to w%om t%e /erson made t%e reest s%all "e !onsidered asa *a!tor in determining w%et%er eD!e/tional !ir!mstan!es eDist *or /r/oses o* t%iss"/aragra/%.

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'ii( otwit%standing !lase 'i(+ reglations nder t%is s"/aragra/% mst ensre

'I( t%at a determination o* w%et%er to /rovide eD/edited /ro!essing s%all "e made+ and noti!e o*t%e determination s%all "e /rovided to t%e /erson maing t%e reest+ wit%in 10 da#s a*ter t%edate o* t%e reest? and

'II( eD/editios !onsideration o* administrative a//eals o* s!% determinations o* w%et%er to/rovide eD/edited /ro!essing.

'iii( n agen!# s%all /ro!ess as soon as /ra!ti!a"le an# reest *or re!ords to w%i!% t%e agen!#%as granted eD/edited /ro!essing nder t%is s"/aragra/%. gen!# a!tion to den# or a6rmdenial o* a reest *or eD/edited /ro!essing /rsant to t%is s"/aragra/%+ and *ailre "# anagen!# to res/ond in a timel# manner to s!% a reest s%all "e s"e!t to di!ial review nder/aragra/% '4(+ eD!e/t t%at t%e di!ial review s%all "e "ased on t%e re!ord "e*ore t%e agen!# att%e time o* t%e determination.

'iv( distri!t !ort o* t%e United States s%all not %ave risdi!tion to review an agen!# denial o*eD/edited /ro!essing o* a reest *or re!ords a*ter t%e agen!# %as /rovided a !om/lete res/onseto t%e reest.

'v( For /r/oses o* t%is s"/aragra/%+ t%e term )!om/elling need means

'I( t%at a *ailre to o"tain reested re!ords on an eD/edited "asis nder t%is /aragra/% !oldreasona"l# "e eD/e!ted to /ose an imminent t%reat to t%e li*e or /%#si!al sa*et# o* an individal?or

'II( wit% res/e!t to a reest made "# a /erson /rimaril# engaged in disseminating in*ormation+rgen!# to in*orm t%e /"li! !on!erning a!tal or alleged Federal 3overnment a!tivit#.

'vi( demonstration o* a !om/elling need "# a /erson maing a reest *or eD/edited/ro!essing s%all "e made "# a statement !erti7ed "# s!% /erson to "e tre and !orre!t to t%e"est o* s!% /erson;s nowledge and "elie*.

'F( In den#ing a reest *or re!ords+ in w%ole or in /art+ an agen!# s%all mae a reasona"le eQortto estimate t%e volme o* an# reested matter t%e /rovision o* w%i!% is denied+ and s%all/rovide an# s!% estimate to t%e /erson maing t%e reest+ nless /roviding s!% estimatewold %arm an interest /rote!ted "# t%e eDem/tion in s"se!tion '"( /rsant to w%i!% t%edenial is made.

'=( ,a!% agen!# s%all

'( esta"lis% a s#stem to assign an individalied tra!ing nm"er *or ea!% reest re!eived t%atwill tae longer t%an ten da#s to /ro!ess and /rovide to ea!% /erson maing a reest t%etra!ing nm"er assigned to t%e reest? and

'B( esta"lis% a tele/%one line or Internet servi!e t%at /rovides in*ormation a"ot t%e stats o* areest to t%e /erson maing t%e reest sing t%e assigned tra!ing nm"er+ in!lding

'i( t%e date on w%i!% t%e agen!# originall# re!eived t%e reest? and


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'ii( an estimated date on w%i!% t%e agen!# will !om/lete a!tion on t%e reest.

'"( T%is se!tion does not a//l# to matters t%at are

'1('( s/e!i7!all# at%oried nder !riteria esta"lis%ed "# an ,De!tive order to "e e/t se!ret int%e interest o* national de*ense or *oreign /oli!# and 'B( are in *a!t /ro/erl# !lassi7ed /rsant

to s!% ,De!tive order?'2( related solel# to t%e internal /ersonnel rles and /ra!ti!es o* an agen!#?

'@( s/e!i7!all# eDem/ted *rom dis!losre "# statte 'ot%er t%an se!tion 552" o* t%is title(+ i* t%atstatte

'('i( reires t%at t%e matters "e wit%%eld *rom t%e /"li! in s!% a manner as to leave nodis!retion on t%e isse? or

'ii( esta"lis%es /arti!lar !riteria *or wit%%olding or re*ers to /arti!lar t#/es o* matters to "ewit%%eld? and

'B( i* ena!ted a*ter t%e date o* ena!tment o* t%e -, F-I !t o* 2009+ s/e!i7!all# !ites to t%is/aragra/%.

'4( trade se!rets and !ommer!ial or 7nan!ial in*ormation o"tained *rom a /erson and /rivilegedor !on7dential?

'5( inter>agen!# or intra>agen!# memorandms or letters w%i!% wold not "e availa"le "# law toa /art# ot%er t%an an agen!# in litigation wit% t%e agen!#?

'( /ersonnel and medi!al 7les and similar 7les t%e dis!losre o* w%i!% wold !onstitte a !learl#

nwarranted invasion o* /ersonal /riva!#?'=( re!ords or in*ormation !om/iled *or law en*or!ement /r/oses+ "t onl# to t%e eDtent t%at t%e/rod!tion o* s!% law en*or!ement re!ords or in*ormation '( !old reasona"l# "e eD/e!ted tointer*ere wit% en*or!ement /ro!eedings+ 'B( wold de/rive a /erson o* a rig%t to a *air trial or anim/artial addi!ation+ 'C( !old reasona"l# "e eD/e!ted to !onstitte an nwarranted invasiono* /ersonal /riva!#+ '


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n# reasona"l# segrega"le /ortion o* a re!ord s%all "e /rovided to an# /erson reesting s!%re!ord a*ter deletion o* t%e /ortions w%i!% are eDem/t nder t%is s"se!tion. T%e amont o*in*ormation deleted+ and t%e eDem/tion nder w%i!% t%e deletion is made+ s%all "e indi!ated ont%e released /ortion o* t%e re!ord+ nless in!lding t%at indi!ation wold %arm an interest/rote!ted "# t%e eDem/tion in t%is s"se!tion nder w%i!% t%e deletion is made. I* te!%ni!all#*easi"le+ t%e amont o* t%e in*ormation deleted+ and t%e eDem/tion nder w%i!% t%e deletion ismade+ s%all "e indi!ated at t%e /la!e in t%e re!ord w%ere s!% deletion is made.

'!('1( W%enever a reest is made w%i!% involves a!!ess to re!ords des!ri"ed in s"se!tion '"('=('( and

'( t%e investigation or /ro!eeding involves a /ossi"le violation o* !riminal law? and

'B( t%ere is reason to "elieve t%at 'i( t%e s"e!t o* t%e investigation or /ro!eeding is not awareo* its /enden!#+ and 'ii( dis!losre o* t%e eDisten!e o* t%e re!ords !old reasona"l# "e eD/e!tedto inter*ere wit% en*or!ement /ro!eedings+

t%e agen!# ma#+ dring onl# s!% time as t%at !ir!mstan!e !ontines+ treat t%e re!ords as not

s"e!t to t%e reirements o* t%is se!tion.'2( W%enever in*ormant re!ords maintained "# a !riminal law en*or!ement agen!# nder anin*ormant;s name or /ersonal identi7er are reested "# a t%ird /art# a!!ording to t%ein*ormant;s name or /ersonal identi7er+ t%e agen!# ma# treat t%e re!ords as not s"e!t to t%ereirements o* t%is se!tion nless t%e in*ormant;s stats as an in*ormant %as "een o6!iall#!on7rmed.

'@( W%enever a reest is made w%i!% involves a!!ess to re!ords maintained "# t%e FederalBrea o* Investigation /ertaining to *oreign intelligen!e or !onterintelligen!e+ or internationalterrorism+ and t%e eDisten!e o* t%e re!ords is !lassi7ed in*ormation as /rovided in s"se!tion '"('1(+ t%e Brea ma#+ as long as t%e eDisten!e o* t%e re!ords remains !lassi7ed in*ormation+ treat

t%e re!ords as not s"e!t to t%e reirements o* t%is se!tion.'d( T%is se!tion does not at%orie wit%%olding o* in*ormation or limit t%e availa"ilit# o* re!ordsto t%e /"li!+ eD!e/t as s/e!i7!all# stated in t%is se!tion. T%is se!tion is not at%orit# to wit%%oldin*ormation *rom Congress.

'e('1( -n or "e*ore Fe"rar# 1 o* ea!% #ear+ ea!% agen!# s%all s"mit to t%e ttorne# 3eneral o*t%e United States a re/ort w%i!% s%all !over t%e /re!eding 7s!al #ear and w%i!% s%all in!lde

'( t%e nm"er o* determinations made "# t%e agen!# not to !om/l# wit% reests *or re!ordsmade to s!% agen!# nder s"se!tion 'a( and t%e reasons *or ea!% s!% determination?

'B('i( t%e nm"er o* a//eals made "# /ersons nder s"se!tion 'a('(+ t%e reslt o* s!%

a//eals+ and t%e reason *or t%e a!tion /on ea!% a//eal t%at reslts in a denial o* in*ormation?and

'ii( a !om/lete list o* all stattes t%at t%e agen!# relies /on to at%orie t%e agen!# to wit%%oldin*ormation nder s"se!tion '"('@(+ t%e nm"er o* o!!asions on w%i!% ea!% statte was relied/on+ a des!ri/tion o* w%et%er a !ort %as /%eld t%e de!ision o* t%e agen!# to wit%%oldin*ormation nder ea!% s!% statte+ and a !on!ise des!ri/tion o* t%e s!o/e o* an# in*ormationwit%%eld?

'C( t%e nm"er o* reests *or re!ords /ending "e*ore t%e agen!# as o* Se/tem"er @0 o* t%e/re!eding #ear+ and t%e median and average nm"er o* da#s t%at s!% reests %ad "een/ending "e*ore t%e agen!# as o* t%at date?


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'time staQ o* t%e agen!# devoted to /ro!essing reests *or re!ords ndert%is se!tion+ and t%e total amont eD/ended "# t%e agen!# *or /ro!essing s!% reests.


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'2( In*ormation in ea!% re/ort s"mitted nder /aragra/% '1( s%all "e eD/ressed in terms o* ea!%/rin!i/al !om/onent o* t%e agen!# and *or t%e agen!# overall.

'@( ,a!% agen!# s%all mae ea!% s!% re/ort availa"le to t%e /"li! in!lding "# !om/tertele!ommni!ations+ or i* !om/ter tele!ommni!ations means %ave not "een esta"lis%ed "#t%e agen!#+ "# ot%er ele!troni! means. In addition+ ea!% agen!# s%all mae t%e raw statisti!al

data sed in its re/orts availa"le ele!troni!all# to t%e /"li! /on reest.

'4( T%e ttorne# 3eneral o* t%e United States s%all mae ea!% re/ort w%i!% %as "een madeavaila"le "# ele!troni! means availa"le at a single ele!troni! a!!ess /oint. T%e ttorne# 3eneralo* t%e United States s%all noti*# t%e C%airman and raning minorit# mem"er o* t%e Committee on3overnment &e*orm and -versig%t o* t%e ose o* &e/resentatives and t%e C%airman andraning minorit# mem"er o* t%e Committees on 3overnmental Qairs and t%e $di!iar# o* t%eSenate+ no later t%an /ril 1 o* t%e #ear in w%i!% ea!% s!% re/ort is issed+ t%at s!% re/orts areavaila"le "# ele!troni! means.

'5( T%e ttorne# 3eneral o* t%e United States+ in !onsltation wit% t%e


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'%('1( T%ere is esta"lis%ed t%e -6!e o* 3overnment In*ormation Servi!es wit%in t%e ationalr!%ives and &e!ords dministration.

'2( T%e -6!e o* 3overnment In*ormation Servi!es s%all

'( review /oli!ies and /ro!edres o* administrative agen!ies nder t%is se!tion?

'B( review !om/lian!e wit% t%is se!tion "# administrative agen!ies? and

'C( re!ommend /oli!# !%anges to Congress and t%e resident to im/rove t%e administration o*t%is se!tion.

'@( T%e -6!e o* 3overnment In*ormation Servi!es s%all oQer mediation servi!es to resolvedis/tes "etween /ersons maing reests nder t%is se!tion and administrative agen!ies as anon>eD!lsive alternative to litigation and+ at t%e dis!retion o* t%e -6!e+ ma# isse advisor#o/inions i* mediation %as not resolved t%e dis/te.

'i( T%e 3overnment !!onta"ilit# -6!e s%all !ond!t adits o* administrative agen!ies on t%eim/lementation o* t%is se!tion and isse re/orts detailing t%e reslts o* s!% adits.

'( ,a!% agen!# s%all designate a C%ie* F-I -6!er w%o s%all "e a senior o6!ial o* s!% agen!#'at t%e ssistant Se!retar# or eivalent level(.

'( T%e C%ie* F-I -6!er o* ea!% agen!# s%all+ s"e!t to t%e at%orit# o* t%e %ead o* t%e agen!#

'1( %ave agen!#>wide res/onsi"ilit# *or e6!ient and a//ro/riate !om/lian!e wit% t%is se!tion?

'2( monitor im/lementation o* t%is se!tion t%rog%ot t%e agen!# and ee/ t%e %ead o* t%e

agen!#+ t%e !%ie* legal o6!er o* t%e agen!#+ and t%e ttorne# 3eneral a//ro/riatel# in*ormed o*t%e agen!#;s /er*orman!e in im/lementing t%is se!tion?

'@( re!ommend to t%e %ead o* t%e agen!# s!% adstments to agen!# /ra!ti!es+ /oli!ies+/ersonnel+ and *nding as ma# "e ne!essar# to im/rove its im/lementation o* t%is se!tion?

'4( review and re/ort to t%e ttorne# 3eneral+ t%rog% t%e %ead o* t%e agen!#+ at s!% times andin s!% *ormats as t%e ttorne# 3eneral ma# dire!t+ on t%e agen!#;s /er*orman!e inim/lementing t%is se!tion?

'5( *a!ilitate /"li! nderstanding o* t%e /r/oses o* t%e stattor# eDem/tions o* t%is se!tion "#in!lding !on!ise des!ri/tions o* t%e eDem/tions in "ot% t%e agen!#;s %and"oo issed nders"se!tion 'g(+ and t%e agen!#;s annal re/ort on t%is se!tion+ and "# /roviding an overview+

w%ere a//ro/riate+ o* !ertain general !ategories o* agen!# re!ords to w%i!% t%ose eDem/tionsa//l#? and

'( d