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The effects of irrigation water heavy metals on quantitative and qualitative traits of rice
Mahmoud Ali Rokni [email protected]
Mohammad Shokrzadeh, Seyyed Reza Mousavi { mslamuk }{ mousavi_sr }@yahoo.com
Abstract Heavy metal contamination of soils and aquatic environments is a serious problem and is expanding. Entry of toxic metals from human activities are causing pollution of soils. In order to study the effects of heavy metals in irrigation water on rice qualitative and quantitative traits a study carried out in 2010-11 in three cities of Sari, Ghaemshahr and Jouybar on central region of Mazandaran Province. Sampling includes samples of irrigation water resources, soil and rice plants and rice qualitative and quantitative traits were studied. The metal concentrations in the samples was measured by atomic absorption.The Prism software is used for statistical computing and statistical methods used are the analysis of variance and . T.Test. P <0/05, is regarded as significant.
The results of this study showed that the cadmium in water samples of areas under study including Sari region is higher than standard. Also among the heavy metals chromium, cadmium and lead in samples of rice areas, cadmium in Juybar is higher than standard. Lead in the rice sample in Juybar was beyond the standard and the other regions surveyed, has been less than the standard rate. The chromium metal in all areas under study was less than the standard. Moreover, the adverse impact of heavy metals cadmium, lead and chromium on the qualitative and quantitative traits of rice, especially yield per hectare, showes the necessity of comprehensive and smart environmental management.
Keywords: Rice, Heavy metals, Qualitative traits, Quantitative traits, Pollution
.
.
-
FAO
Random Sampling
SES (Standard Evaluation System for Rice)
(IRRI)
PrismT.Test
P<0/05
SEM
mg/lmg/l
mg/l
SEM
Cr0.257 0.0521 0.1 0.05
Cd0.363 0.0550.05 0.005 0.005
Pb0.463 0.161 5 0.05
SEM
Cr0.315 0.0981 0.1 0.05
Cd0.342 0.0660.05 0.005 0.005
Pb0.497 0.1911 5 0.05
SEMCr0.384 0.2131 0.1 0.05
Cd0.401 0.0310.05 0.005 0.005
Pb0.606 0.1261 5 0.05
ppm0.463 0.16
0.606 0.126
PPm
P<0.0001P<0.001
400PPb20
ppm031.0401.0
P<0.0001
ppm213.0384.0
ppm083.0432.0
ppm 042.0098.0
SEMSEMSEM
,EU,WHO
Cr 0.231 0.0360.252 0.0480.432 0.0831 0.2-1 Pb0.098 0.0420.115 0.0320.221 0.0410.2 0.2-0.8 Cd0.192 0.045 0.233 0.0550.288 0.0640.1-0.2 0.1-10
ppm 041.0221.0Codex
P>0.05
P<0.05
ppm 064.0288.0Codex
ppm 055.0232.0
P>0.05P>0.05
ppm
083.0432.0
Codex
P>0.05
P>0.05
SEMSEM
SEM
24.5 0.12524.2 0.11424.1 0.106
4024.8 21.6253987.7 23.7483826.6 19.633
23 5.62920 3.94216 2.324
25 6.73619 5.63614 2.691
1 0.8062 0.7543 0.625
109 9.72586 16.36579 16.546
12 7.38113 9.24614 6.926
24.5 0.125
P<0.05
P<0.05
4024.8 21.625
P<0.05
P<0.05
23 5.629
P<0.05P<0.05
736.625
P<0.05
P<0.05
625.03
P<0.05
P<0.05
72.9109
P<0.05
P>0.05
926.614
P>0.05
SEMSEMSEM
65.43 1.24165.723 1.32767.34 1.131
12.21 0.46212.64 0.74313.26 0.654
78.95 1.16877.44 1.45677.12 0.95
39.2 0.45539.8 1.36840.42 1.95
4.34 0.4154.22 0.4084.12 0.381
131.134.67
P>0.05
P>0.05
654.026.13
P>0.05
P>0.05
168.195.78
P<0.05
P>0.01
95.142.40
GCP<0.05
415.034.4
P>0.05
P>0.05
Accumulative
Le Huy Ba
Ho chi minh
0.5 ppm
0.25 ppm60%
Zhou Qixing
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