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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Developing a Competitive Advantage
• Creative analysis
• Critical analysis– Going beyond automating manual systems– Question assumptions– Identify and resolve conflicting objectives
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Establishing Objectives for Systems Development
• Performance objectives– Output quality or usefulness– Output format quality or usefulness– Speed at which output is produced
• Cost objectives– Development costs– Fixed investments– Ongoing operating costs– Uniqueness costs
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Systems Development and E-Commerce
• Internet technology - enables companies to extend their information systems beyond their boundaries to reach their customers, suppliers, and partners.
• Dynamic Core Business Application that
runs over the Web - must be reliable and fault tolerant, providing continuous availability while processing all transactions accurately.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Trends in Systems Development and ERP
• ERP vendor as one-stop provider• Applications to integrate with ERP systems• External consulting
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Factors Affecting Systems Development Success
• Degree of Change– Continuous Improvement versus Reengineering– Managing change
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Project Management
• Project schedule• Project milestone• Project deadline• Critical path
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools
Automate many of the tasks required in a systems development effort and enforce adherence to the SDLC, thus instilling a high degree of rigor and standardization to the entire systems development process
• Upper-CASE tools - CASE packages that focus on activities associated with the early stages of systems development.
• Lower-CASE tools - focus on the later stages of systems development and are capable of automatically generating structured program code.
• Integrated-CASE tools - provide links between upper- and lower-CASE packages.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Object-Oriented Systems Development
Object-oriented systems development typically involves: • Identifying potential problems and opportunities within the
organization that would be appropriate for the OO approach
• Defining the kind of system users require
• Designing the system
• Programming or modifying modules
• Evaluation by users
• Periodic review and modification
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Systems Investigation
In general, systems investigation attempts to uncover answers to the following questions:
– What primary problems might a new or enhanced system solve?– What opportunities might a new or enhanced system provide?– What new hardware, software, databases, telecommunications,
personnel, or procedures will improve an existing system or are required in a new system?
– What are the potential costs (variable and fixed)?– What are the associated risks?
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Data Analysis
• Data modeling• Activity modeling• Application flowcharts• Grid charts• CASE tools
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Requirements Analysis
• Asking directly• Critical success factors (CSFs)• The IS plan• Screen and report layout
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Summary
• Systems development team - of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel
• Five phases of the traditional SDLC - investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and review
• Systems investigation participants - stakeholders, users, managers, employees, analysts, and programmers