Principles of Helicopter Flight Syllabus

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A Free Publication available for download at www.helicoptersonly.com


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Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. Principles of Helicopter Flight Syllabus

A Flight & GroundTraining Course forPrivate Pilot HelicopterCertification

PrinciplesHelicopter

Flight

of

Syllabus

Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.Newcastle, Washington



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ii Principles of Helicopter Flight Syllabus

Principles of Helicopter Flight Syllabus

2009 Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

7005 132nd Place SE

Newcastle, WA 98059-3153

Internet: www.asa2y.comEmail: [email protected]

Cover photo iStockphoto.com/Johan Ramberg

Printed in the United States of America

2012 2011 2010 2009 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ASA-PHF-SISBN: 1-56027-714-9

978-1-56027-714-9

13



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Contents

About this Syllabus...............................................................................................................vEnrollment/Graduation Certicates

SFAR 73 Instruction in Robinson Helicopters

Stage 1: Introduction to Helicopter Flying .......................................................................1Module 1................................................................................................................................3Module 2................................................................................................................................4Module 3................................................................................................................................5Module 4................................................................................................................................6Module 5................................................................................................................................7Module 6................................................................................................................................8Module 7................................................................................................................................9Module 8..............................................................................................................................10

Module 9..............................................................................................................................11Module 10............................................................................................................................12Module 11 ............................................................................................................................13Module 12............................................................................................................................14Module 13............................................................................................................................15Module 14............................................................................................................................16

Stage 2: Advanced Maneuvers and Solo Practice .......................................................19Module 1..............................................................................................................................20Module 2..............................................................................................................................21Module 3..............................................................................................................................22Module 4..............................................................................................................................23Module 5..............................................................................................................................24Module 6..............................................................................................................................25Module 7..............................................................................................................................26Module 8..............................................................................................................................27

Stage 3: Cross-Country Flight .............................................................................................28Module 1..............................................................................................................................29Module 2..............................................................................................................................30Module 3..............................................................................................................................31Module 4..............................................................................................................................32Module 5..............................................................................................................................34

Module 6..............................................................................................................................35Module 7..............................................................................................................................36

Stage 4: Preparation for Checkride...................................................................................37Module 1..............................................................................................................................38Module 2..............................................................................................................................39Module 3..............................................................................................................................40Module 4..............................................................................................................................41

Appendices Stage Exams 1 4 ..............................................................................................Appendix 1-1



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Course Objective:

The objective of this syllabus is for the student to gain the necessary aeronautical skill, knowledge andexperience to meet the requirements of a Private Pilot certicate with a Rotorcraft Category rating and aHelicopter class rating.

Prerequisites:

The student must be able to read, speak and understand the English language, meet the physicalstandards for a third class medical certicate, and possess a valid student pilot certicate. Student must

be 16 years old to solo, and 17 years old to gain certication.

Experience Requirements for a Private Pilot Certificate Include:

35 hours of ight time (40 hours for Part 61 programs)35 hours of ground training (no minimum time is specied for Part 61 programs)

Private Pilot Certification Course:

The Private License is made up of 2 requirements: Aeronautical Skill and Aeronautical Knowledge. Thissyllabus is written to satisfy 14 CFR Part 141 requirements. With the addition of 5 hours of ight, thissyllabus will be equally effective for 14 CFR Part 61 programs. The syllabus is in four stages, containingmodules. Each stage must be completed in ____ days, not to exceed 90 days. Each module contains botha ight and ground lesson. This presents an integrated ight training process and will promote easierlearning and a more efcient ight training program. Ideally, the ground lesson will be completed priorto the ight. Each ight lesson must include a pre- and post-ight brieng.

Testing Procedures:

Each module contains a reading assignment associated with the ground training program. The reviewquestions following each chapter will test the students understanding of the material covered throughoutthe ground lesson, and must be answered prior to moving on to the next module. A stage exam isincluded with each stage, testing the student on both the ground and ight training material coveredthroughout the stage. This exam must be passed with a minimum score of 80%, and reconciled to 100%,in order to proceed to the next stage.

It is essential that the objective of each module be accomplished before moving on to the next module.

Minimum Requirements:

The time necessary for the syllabus to qualify for 141 operations includes meeting 35 hours of bothground and ight instruction (40 hours ight training for Part 61 programs). This is a minimum

time the national average for completion of the Private certicate is 73 ight hours. Many factorsplay into the nishing ight time: frequency of ying, cooperative weather, airplane and instructorscheduling, and lapses in the ight training process. It is recommended the student y at least twice aweek. This type of schedule produces the most efcient training, and cuts down on review time. If thereis a lapse in between ights, it may be necessary to review maneuvers: In this case review ights should

be scheduled to make sure ight skills are mastered before moving on. (This will allow the studentto continue following the syllabus, which is necessary for a 141 program.) The student should feelcomfortable performing each task in all previous modules before progressing to the next stage. If the

About this Syllabus



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vi Principles of Helicopter Flight Syllabus

student exceeds more than ___ hours of the minimum 141 recommended time allotted per module, thechief ight instructor must be informed.

Instruction in a pilot ground trainer that meets the requirements of Part 141.41(a) may be credited fora maximum of 20% of the total ight training hour requirements. Instruction in a pilot ground trainerthat meets the requirements for Part 141.41(b) may be credited for a maximum of 15% of the total ighttraining hour requirements. When a ground training device is used, the ideal sequence is to learn in theground training device and practice in the helicopter.

Required Materials for the Private Pilot Rotorcraft Course:

Principles of Helicopter Flight (#ASA PHF-2)

Rotorcraft Flying Handbook (#FAA-H-8083-21)

Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (#FAA-H-8083-25)

FAR/AIM (#ASA-FR-AM-BK, updated annually)

Private Pilot Rotorcraft Practical Test Standards (#FAA-S-8081-15A)

Recommended Materials for the Private Pilot Rotorcraft Course:

ASA Private Pilot Test Prep(#ASA-TP-P, updated annually)

ASA Helicopter FundamentalsDVD (ASA-VTP-H)ASA logbook (students choice)

ASA ight computer (E6B or CX-2 Pathnder)

ASA plotter (students choice)

ASA ight logs for cross-country ights (#ASA-FP-2)

ASA Private Pilot Oral Exam Guide(#ASA-OEG-P)

ASA Helicopter Oral Exam Guide(#ASA-OEG-H)

Sectional for local area

Airport/Facility Directory for local area

The syllabus usesPrinciples of Helicopter Flightfor the ground training program. The review followingeach chapter should be nished with the assigned reading. Certain ground lessons are supplementedwith reading assignments fromPilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge.TheRotorcraft Flying

Handbook is recommended to enhance the program. Each book contains an index that will help pinpointthe material for the subject you are working on. ASAsPrivate Pilot Test Prepis also recommendedto enhance the program. Use of the Test Prep will ensure that the student is completely prepared forthe FAA Knowledge Exam upon completion of the course. Instructors using this syllabus must ensurecurrent Practical Test Standards are upheld and thatAirplane Flying Handbook(FAA-H-8083-3)

procedures are maintained at all times.

If you have any questions on how to best use this syllabus, please call ASA directly at 1-800-ASA-2-

FLY. We will be happy to provide suggestions on how to tailor this syllabus to specically meet yourtraining needs.

Note to Instructors:

Answers to the Stage Exams are available to instructors by calling 1-800-ASA-2-FLY, or fax yourrequest on letterhead to 1-425-235-0128.



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Photocopy this page, fill out coupon and mail or fax to ASA.You may also register online at www.asa2fly.com.

Part 141 RegistrationPrivate Pilot HelicopterComplete this registration card and mail or fax to ASA to receiveinformation on changes to the 141 program. Let ASA help you stay current withindustry and regulatory changes which may affect your Part 141 curriculum.

This will be your mailing label, so please print clearly.

Fax or mail this coupon to:

Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.7005 132nd Place SE

Newcastle, WA 98059-3153

(425) 235-0128

Name of Chief Flight Instructor, or person responsible for maintaining Part 141 certification

Name of Flight School

Address

City State Zip Phone Fax

( ) ( )

How many students per year earn their Private Pilot Certificate with your school?

Date you received Part 141 Certification Name of FSDO you worked with on your certification

Which textbooks and materials do you use for your Part 141 program?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Do you also operate a Part 61 program? Yes No

If yes, which textbooks and materials do you use for your Part 61 program?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Does this book satisfy your aviation needs? Yes No

If no, please explain:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

General comments or suggestions:

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Helicopter Enrollment Certificate

his is to certify that

Student Name

is enrolled in the Federal Aviation Administration approvedPrivate Pilot Helicopter Certification Course, conducted by

School and Certificate Number

Chief Instructor Date of Enrollment

Helicopter Graduation Certificate

his is to certify that

Pilot Name and Number

has satisfactorily completed each required stage of the approvedcourse of training including the tests for those stages, and hasreceived _____ hours of cross-country training.

_________________________________________ has graduated from the

Federal Aviation Administration approved Private Pilot HelicopterCertification Courseconducted by

School and Certificate Number

Chief Instructor Date of Graduation



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Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. Principles of Helicopter Flight Syllabus x

SFAR 73 Instruction in RobinsonHelicopters

SFAR 73 requires that specific training requirements be met for pilots of R22

and R44 helicopters.

1. Awareness training must be given by an endorsed instructor prior to manipulating the controls. Theinstruction must consist of:

Energy management

Mast bumping

Low rotor RPM (blade stall)

Low G hazards

Rotor RPM decay

2. Pilots with less than 200 hours (50 in the R22 or R44) must meet certain requirements before acting a

Pilot in Command. See SFAR 73 and the endorsement provided on page 17. (Endorsement valid for12 months.)

Training must include:

10 dual in same model Robinson

Enhanced training in autorotation procedures

Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor

Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery

Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures

3. Specic requirements must be met within 90 days prior to solo ight (for non helicopter rated pilots).See SFAR 73 and the pre-solo endorsement for Robinson pilots on page 17.

Training must include:

20 hours dual in same model Robinson

Enhanced training in autorotation procedures

Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor

Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery

Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures

Instructors note: Use the following endorsement when signing off students for awareness training:

I certify that _______________________ (First name, MI, Last name)has received the Awareness Trainingrequired by SFAR 73 2(a)(3) in a ________ (model of Robinson)

[date] J. Jones 654321 CFI [expiration date]



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ObjectiveThe objective of Stage 1 is for the student to become procient in, and have an understanding of the

following:

Ground Training

Course objective

School requirements, procedures and regulations Grading criteria

Forces acting on a helicopter

Stability and control

Training helicopter (airframe, engine, systems,

ight instruments)

Basic ight maneuvers

Flight information

Basic weather theory

Emergency and hazardous conditions Flight physiology

Regulations

Flight Training

Flight training process

Training helicopter Preight

Special Emphasis Areas (per PTS)

Taxiing

Four basics of ight (straight and level, turns,

climbs, descents)

Hovering

Autorotations

Use of sectional

Airspace Collision avoidance

Emergencies

Steep Turns

Completion Standards

Stage 1 is complete when the student is ready and endorsed for solo ight. Student shall score at least 80%

on the Stage 1 Exam, and all decient areas shall be reconciled to 100%. Student shall have third-class

medical and student pilot certicate upon completion of this stage.

Stage 1Introduction to Helicopter Flying



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Stage 1 / Module 1 Minimum 141 Requirements: Dual1.0 hour ight1.5 hours ground instruction

Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to be introduced to the Private Pilot Certication

program, and learn the ight school requirements, procedures,

regulations, and grading criteria. Student shall also become familiarwith the atmosphere and the forces acting on a helicopter.

Content:

____Review of course and objectives

____School requirements, procedures, regulations

____Grading criteria, expectations of student

____Review objective of Stage 1

____ Atmosphere

_____Atmospheric pressure

_____Air temperature

_____Combined effects

_____ Moisture content

_____ Standard atmosphere

_____Pressure altitude _____Density altitude

The forces acting on a helicopter

____ Lift

_____Denitions

_____ Lift formula

_____Dynamic energy

_____Center of pressure

_____Aerodynamic center

____ Drag

_____ Drag formula

_____Parasite drag

_____Prole drag

_____Form drag

_____ Skin friction

_____ Induced drag/methods to reduce

_____ Tip vortices

_____ Total drag curve

____ Lift/Drag ratio

_____Best L/D ratio

_____Factors inuencing L/D ratio

Completion Standards:

This lesson is complete when the student has successfully completed

all review questions following the assigned reading.

Assignment:

Principles of Helicopter Flight, 2nd Edition, Chapters 2 5

Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to be introduced to and become familiar with

preight inspections, checklist operations, starting and taxi

procedures and the function and use of the helicopter controls.

Content:

____Preight inspection and aircraft documents (certicates and

documents, aircraft logbooks, helicopter servicing, aircra

manual)

____Introduction to PTS and special emphasis areas

____SFAR 73 training if applicable (see page 17)

____Positive exchange of ight controls

____Familiarization with helicopter

____ Starting the engine and rotor engagement

____Checklists/system checks

____ Normal takeoff

____ Hovering

____Hover taxi____ Normal departure and climb

____Effects of controls

____Attitude and power changes power, attitude and speed

change

____ Normal approach to landing

____Postight procedures


This module is complete when the student can conduct the preigh

with minimum assistance, properly use all checklists, start the

helicopter, and operate the controls.

Recommended Reading:

FAA-8083-21, Chapters 4 6

Stage 1 / Module 1

Date of Completion: ___________________________________

Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Stage 1 / Module 2


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________

Ground Training

Objective:

To introduce the student to the aerodynamic principles of climbing,

descending and turning a helicopter. Students will also get a review

of basic physics in the reading.

Content:

____Controls and their effects

____Hover

_____ In and out of ground effect

_____Factors in ground effect

_____Over-controlling

____Forward ight

_____Basic aspects of horizontal ight

_____Changing disc attitude

_____Dissymmetry of lift

_____Elimination of dissymmetry of lift

_____Flapback

____Designs that reduce apping amplitude____Reverse ow

____ Translational lift

____Transverse ow effect

____Climbing

_____Horsepower-available curve

_____Rate of climb

_____Angle of climb

_____Effect of wind

____ Descending

_____Angle of descent

_____Effect of wind

Completion Standards:This lesson is complete when the student has successfully completed


Assignment:

Principles of Helicopter Flight, 2nd Edition, Chapters 1, 10, 11, 12,

and 14

Flight Training

Objective:

To gain experience with hovering and improve basic operation

of the controls. The student will also be introduced to collision

avoidance procedure and be made aware of mast bumpingconditions.

Content:

____Preight

____Personal checklist IM SAFE

____ Surface markings

____ Mast bumping

____ Takeoff and landing

____ Hovering

____Hover Taxi

____ Shallow and medium banked turns

____ Scanning procedures

____ Normal approach and landing



This module is complete when the student has basic control of

the aircraft in a hover and can maintain altitude within 300 feet,

airspeed within 20 knots and heading within 20 degrees while

performing the maneuvers of this module.


FAA-H-8083-21, Chapter 9 (1-11)

Stage 1 / Module 2Minimum 141 Requirements: Dual

1.0 hour ight

1.0 hour ground instruction



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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to gain an understanding of how helicopter systems

function.

Content:

____Engines

____Fuel systems

____Electrical systems

____ Hydraulics

____Environmental systems

____Anti-icing systems

____ Transmission

____Main rotor gear box

____Freewheeling unit

____ Drive shafts

____Tail rotor gear box

____Rotor brake

____Clutch

____Chip detectors

____ Swashplate

____Rotor blades

____ Trim controls

____ Tail rotors

____ Vibrations

____Control functions

____Engine cooling

____ Dual tachometer instruments

____Rotor stabilizing design systems


This lesson is complete when the student has successfully completedall review questions following the assigned reading.

Assignment:

FAA-H-8083-21, Chapter 5

Principles of Helicopter Flight, 2nd Edition, Chapter 20

Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to become familiar with the local area and to

practice the four basics of ight: straight and level, climbs, turns,

and descents.

Content:

____Use of sectional

____Preight

____ Land and hold short operations

____ Normal takeoff and departure

____Hover taxi

____ Hovering

____Four basics of ight: Level ight, climbing, descending and

turning

____Sideways and backward ight

____Transitions leaving the hover to achieve forward ight and

returning to the hover from forward ight

____ Normal approach and landing____Trafc patterns



This module is complete when the student can maintain ight with

250 feet altitude, 20 degrees heading and 20 knots airspeed while

performing the maneuvers listed in the content of this module.

Also the student must be procient in postight operations and be

oriented to the practice area and airport.


FAA-H- 8083-21, Chapter 9 (12-20)

Stage 1 / Module 3 Minimum 141 Requirements: Dual1.0 hour ight1.5 hours ground instruction

Stage 1 / Module 3


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to gain an understanding of the aerodynamic forces

that affect helicopter ight, particularly with respect to the tail rotor.

Content:

____Aerodynamic forces

_____Rotational forces

_____Blade angle and angle of attack

_____Induced ow

_____Airow caused by velocity

_____ Total rotor thrust

_____Rotor drag

_____Inow angle

_____Forces opposing weight

_____Rotor thrust

____Rotor blade airfoils

_____ Drag

_____ Stress

_____Effect of local air velocity on blade design

_____Blade tip speeds

_____Blade design

____Rotor drag

_____ Disc loading

_____Changes in gross weight

_____Changes in altitude

_____Changes in conguration

_____Ground effect

_____ Translational lift

____The Anti-Torque rotor

_____Anti-torque functions

_____Effect of the wind _____Translating tendency

_____Tail rotor apping

_____ Tail rotor designs

_____Methods of anti-torque control

_____ Tail rotor failure




Assignment:

Principles of Helicopter Flight, 2nd Edition, Chapters 6, 7, 8, and 9

Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to gain prociency in handling crosswind conditions

and practice forward and rearward hovering as well as hovering

turns.

Content:

____ Obtaining weather

____Preight

____Radio communication

____Runway incursions

____ Servicing the helicopter

____Ground safety

____ Normal and crosswind takeoffs and landings

____ Vertical takeoff and landings

____ Hovering

____Steep turns 30 degrees

____ Transitions from the hover to hover at low altitude

____Trafc patterns____ Normal approach and landing



This module is complete when the student can maintain ight within

300 feet altitude, 20 degrees heading, 20 knots airspeed while

performing the maneuvers listed in the content of this module. The

student must also be familiar with orientation using the sectional.


AIM, Chapter 4 Section 2

Stage 1 / Module 4 Minimum 141 Requirements: Dual1.0 hour ight,1.5 hours ground instruction

Stage 1 / Module 4


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Flight Training

Objective:

To practice and gain prociency with hovering maneuvers and

ground reference maneuvers. Student will also be introduced to ma

bumping and vortex ring state conditions.

Content:


____Preight

____ Normal takeoff and departure

____Stationary hover

____Square pattern in hover


____Crosswind takeoff and climb

____Crosswind approach

____Trafc patterns

____Vortex ring state



The student should be able to establish a hover and maintain a

hovering altitude within 50 feet, keep lateral and forward moveme

within 50 feet and headings within 20 degrees.


Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to increase his/her knowledge of the basic ight

maneuvers and learn about the ight instruments.

Content:

____ Maneuvers and turning

_____Rate of turn

_____Radius of turn

_____Rate and radius interaction

_____ The steep turn

_____Effect of altitude on rate and radius of turn

_____Effect of gross weight on rate and radius of

turn

_____Effect of wind on rate and radius of turn

_____Effect of wind on Indicated airspeed and

Translational lift

_____Effect of slingloads

_____Effect of slipping and skidding _____Pull out from a descent

____Flight Instruments

_____Pitot static instruments

_____Altimeter

_____ VSI

_____ASI

____Gyro instruments

_____ Turn indicators

_____ Inclinometer

_____Attitude indicator

_____Heading indicator

____Compass



the assigned reading.

Assignment:

Principles of Helicopter Flight, 2nd Edition, Chapters 15 and 16

Stage 1 / Module 5


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Stage 1 / Module 6


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________

Flight Training

Objective:

To introduce the student to low rotor rpm operations. The student

will practice go-arounds as well as basic maneuvers.

Content:


____Preight

____Discussion of cockpit management and ATC light signals


____Crosswind takeoff to a hover

____ Normal and crosswind approach to a hover

____Hovering/ground reference maneuvers

____Recognition and recovery from low rotor rpm

_____ During cruise

_____ On takeoff

_____At a hover

____ Normal approach and landing

____ Go-around

____Trafc pattern operations



This module is complete when the student can maintain trafc

pattern altitude within 200 feet, heading within 20 degrees, and

airspeed within 15 knots. The student must also be knowledgeable

in ATC light signals and cockpit management.

Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to gain an understanding of the factors affecting

helicopter performance. The student will also learn the effects of

weight and balance and learn how to perform weight and balancecomputations.

Content:

____Helicopter performance

____Performance factors

_____Altitude

_____Pressure altitude

_____Density altitude

_____ Moisture content of air

_____Aircraft gross weight

_____External stores

_____ The wind

____Power check

____Performance graphs _____Hover ceiling graph

_____Takeoff distance over 50-foot obstacle

_____Max gross weight for hovering

_____Climb performance

_____Range

_____Endurance

____ Weight and balance

_____Denitions

_____ Weight

_____Balance

_____Center of gravity limits

_____Calculating center of gravity position

_____Effect of external loads




Assignment:





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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to gain an understanding of the hazardous ight

conditions that affect helicopter ight.

Content:

____Vortex ring state

_____ Development

_____Lead up ight conditions

_____Symptoms

_____Recovery

_____ Tail rotor

____Ground resonance

____Causes of ground resonance

____Factors rotor head vibrations/fuselage

____Recovery actions

____Blade sailing

____Dynamic rollover

____Factors in critical angle

____Cyclic limitations

____ Mast bumping

_____Avoiding

_____Recovery from low and zero G

____Exceeding rotor rpm limits

____Reasons for high rotor rpm limits

____Reasons for low rotor rpm limits

____Rotor stalls recovery from low rotor rpm




Assignment:

Principles of Helicopter Flight, 2nd Edition, Chapter 19

Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to be introduced to maximum performance takeoffs

and steep approaches as well as the conditions for dynamic rollove

and low G situations. Operational interpretation of weather data wialso be stressed.

Content:

____Obtaining weather (Go/no go)

____Preight

____Dynamic rollover

____Low G conditions

____ Normal/crosswind takeoff and departure

____Hover taxi


____Ground reference maneuvers

____Pattern work

____Maximum performance takeoff

____ Steep approach____ Normal/crosswind approach and landing



This module is complete when the student knows the correct

procedure for maximum performance takeoffs and steep approache

The student should be able to y the pattern within 200 feet altitud

20 degrees heading and 15 knots airspeed. The student must also b

able to enter and depart a normal trafc pattern.


Stage 1 / Module 7


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to become familiar with airports and airport

operations along with the tools available for obtaining ight

information.

Content:

____Airport operations

_____Types of airports/heliports

_____ Sources for airport data

_____Airport/heliport markings and signs

_____Airport/heliport lighting

_____ Wind direction indicators

_____Radio communication

_____ATC services and radar

_____ Wake turbulence

_____Collision avoidance

____Flight information

_____Airport/Facility Directory _____Aeronautical Information Manual

_____Federal aviation regulations

_____Pilot/Controller Glossary

_____Advisory circulars




Assignment:


AIM, Chapter 2 Section 3

A/FD

Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to become procient with normal and crosswind

takeoffs and landings, and to become familiar with wake turbulence

procedures. The student will also be introduced to steep approaches.

Content:


____Preight

____Performance charts for takeoff

____Airport/Heliport markings and signs

____Air taxi

____Surface taxi

____ Normal and crosswind takeoffs and approaches

____ Hovering

____Pattern operations


____ Steep approaches

____Emergency approaches____ Wake turbulence procedures

____Go-around procedures



This module is complete when the student can operate

prociently in trafc patterns and can takeoff and land being

the sole manipulator of the controls. The student should have an

understanding of when different taxi methods are used.

Stage 1 / Module 8


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________




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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to gain an understanding of aviation charts, the

airspace system and NTSB reporting requirements.

Content:

____Charts

_____ Sectional charts

_____VFR Terminal Area charts

____ Airspace

_____Class A

_____Class B

_____Class C

_____Class D

_____Class E

_____Class G

_____ Special use airspace

_____ Other airspace

____NTSB 830 (49 CFR Part 830)




Assignment:

AIM, Chapter 3; NTSB 830 (49 CFR Part 830)

Flight Training

Objective:

To introduce the student to straight-in autorotations. This lesson w

also introduce control related malfunctions.

Content:


____Preight

____Radio communications

____Hover taxi

____ Vertical takeoffs and landings

____ Normal departure and approach

____Hovering maneuvers

____Straight-in autorotation with power recovery

____Control malfunctions

_____ight control/trim

_____rotor and/or antitorque

_____frequency vibrations and components that

may be affected____ Go-arounds


____Postight


This module is complete when the student can operate in all phases

of ight within 200 feet altitude, 20 degrees heading, 15 knots

airspeed.


Stage 1 / Module 9


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to gain an understanding of the underlying principles

of retreating blade stall and autorotation.

Content:

____Retreating Blade Stall

_____Effect of increasing airspeed on stall angle

_____Factors affecting the advancing blade

_____Symptoms of retreating blade stall

_____Recovery

_____Factors inuencing VNE____Autorotation

_____ Initial aircraft reaction

_____ Lift/Drag ratio and forces involved

_____Autorotation and airspeed

_____Autorotation range and endurance

_____ Touchdown

_____ Loss of power at low heights

_____Rotor rpm decay when the engine fails

_____Airspeeds and heights best avoided




Assignment:


Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to gain prociency with emergency operations. The

student will be introduced to techniques for settling with power and

power failure at altitude. The student will also learn to perform rapiddecelerations.

Content:


____Preight

____Ground resonance

____ Wire strike avoidance

____Surface taxi (wheels)

____Air taxi

____ Normal takeoffs and approaches

____Hovering patterns


____ Settling with power

____Power failure at altitude____Straight-in autorotation with power recovery

____Rapid deceleration

____ Go-arounds


This module is complete when the student is able to recognize the

onset of settling with power and take appropriate action.

Stage 1 / Module 10


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________

Stage 1 / Module 10 Minimum 141 Requirements: Dual1.0 hour ight,1.0 hour ground instruction



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Ground Training

Objective:

To introduce the student to the Federal Aviation Regulations with

emphasis on how the regulations are organized and how to nd

information. The instructor should also identify which parts arerequired for Private Pilot Rotorcraft knowledge.

Content:

____FAR publication

____14 CFR Part 1

____14 CFR Part 61

____14 CFR Part 91


This lesson is complete when the student completes the quiz on

regulations on Appendix Page 1-1 of this book.

Assignment:

14 CFR, Parts 61 and 91

Flight Training

Objective:

This lesson will focus on systems emergencies and equipment

malfunctions. The student will also continue practicing previously

learned emergency operations in preparation for solo ight.

Content:


____Preight


____ Normal takeoff and climb

____ Normal approach

____Straight-in autorotation with power recovery

____Power failure at a hover

____Partial power failure

____Systems emergencies

_____Engine/oil and fuel

_____Power train failure

_____Hydraulic, if applicable _____Electrical

_____Carburetor or induction icing

_____Smoke and/or re

_____Pitot static/vacuum and associated ight

instruments, if applicable

_____Abnormal vibrations

_____ Warning lights

____Other emergencies specic to the training helicopter

____Postight


This module is complete when the student performs the correct

emergency procedures for the items listed, exhibits basictroubleshooting knowledge and executes recovery actions as

needed. Flight must be maintained within 200 feet, 15 degrees and

15 knots. Autorotation airspeed should be within 10 knots.


Stage 1 / Module 11


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to gain an understanding of weather briengs,

operational weather factors, and insight into making the go/no-go

decision.

Content:

____Weather theory

_____ Nature of the atmosphere

_____ The cause of atmospheric circulation

_____Atmospheric stability

_____Air masses

_____Fronts

_____ Turbulence

_____ Windshear

_____ Thunderstorms

_____ Microbursts

_____Obtaining a weather brieng

_____METARs, TAFs _____Making the go/no-go decision



all the assigned reading.

Assignment:


Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to review previously learned maneuvers with

emphasis on weak areas. This module will prepare the student for

solo ight.

Content:


____Preight inspection and aircraft documents

____ATC light signals

____Surface taxi

____Hover taxi

____Air taxi


____ Vertical takeoff and landing


____Trafc pattern

____ Go-arounds

____Power failure at altitude____Power failure at a hover


____Low rotor rpm recovery


____Postight


This module is complete when the student is comfortable with all of

the pre-solo maneuvers including emergencies and can conduct all

with minimum assistance from the ight instructor. Flight must be

maintained within 200 feet, 15 degrees and 15 knots.

Stage 1 / Module 12


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________




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Ground Training

Objective:

To conduct a pre-solo brieng and complete, grade and review the

pre-solo exam.

Content:

____ Solo limitations

____Club rules

____Pre-solo exam


This lesson is complete when the student has passed the pre-solo

exam with a minimum score of 80%, and reconciled to 100%.

Flight Training

Objective:

Prior to this module the student will have passed the pre-solo writt

test. The intent of this module is for the student to rst conduct

supervised solo ight and then to practice solo takeoffs and landingin the pattern.

Content:

Dual ight


____Verify the requirements of SFAR 73 2(b)(3) have been met (i

applicable)

____Preight


____Hover taxi

____Air taxi


____Climbs and approaches

____ Go-around


____ Instructor endorsement

Supervised solo

____ Normal takeoff


____Hover taxi

____Air taxi

____Trafc pattern


____Climbs and approaches

Completion standards:

This module is complete when the student is signed off for solo

work, and the student has successfully accomplished solo ight.

Flight must be maintained within 150 feet, 15 degrees, 15 knots

while performing the maneuvers listed in the content of this modul

Stage 1 / Module 13 Minimum 141 Requirements: Dual0.5 hour ight,0.5 hour solo,

0.5 hour ground instruction

Stage 1 / Module 13


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Flight Training

Objective:

For the chief ight instructor or designee to review the students

progress. If student performance is satisfactory, training can

progress to stage 2 and solo operations away from the trafc patternpermitted.

Content:


____Preight inspection and aircraft documents

____Cockpit management

____Radio communication and ATC light signals

____Pre-takeoff checks

____Surface taxi

____Hover taxi

____Air taxi


____Straight and level ight; turns in both directions

____Straight-in autorotation with power recovery____Climbs and climbing turns

____Airport trafc patterns

____Power failure


____Low rotor rpm recovery

____Rapid decelerations


____Collision avoidance, wake turbulence

____Equipment malfunctions

____ Go-arounds

____Postight

Completion Standards:This module is complete when the student can conduct the ight

tasks competently enough to leave the pattern. Altitude should

be within 150 feet, heading 15 degrees and airspeed 15 knots

throughout maneuvering. During hover, altitude should be within

5 feet and ground track kept within 5 feet. Autorotation maneuvers

should be stopped within 150 feet of a specied point.

Stage 1 / Module 14 and Stage Check

Lesson Time: Dual 1.0 hour ight, or whatever is necessary to

meet objective

1.0 hour ground instruction, or whatever is

necessary to meet objective

Stage 1 / Module 14


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________

Stage Exam Score: ____________________________________

Stage Check Successful: _____________________________



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Instructor Note: Follow the formats below when signing-off endorsements for your students. (From AC 61-65E)

1. Endorsement for pre-solo requirements in Robinson helicopters SFAR 73 2(b)(3) (valid for 90 days)

I certify that________________ (First name, MI, Last name)has satisfactorily met the experience or trainingrequirements required by SFAR 73 2(b)(3). I have determined he/she has demonstrated the prociency requiredby SFAR 73 2(b)(3) and is procient to make solo ights in a____________________(model of Robinson).


2. Endorsement for Pilot in Command in Robinson helicopters for pilots with less than 200 hours:SFAR 73 2(b)(1) or (2)

I certify that________________ (First name, MI, Last name)has satisfactorily met the experience or trainingrequirements required by SFAR 73 2(b)(1) or (2). I have determined he/she has demonstrated the prociencyrequired by SFAR 73 2(b)(1 or (2)) and is procient to act as Pilot in Command in a____________________(model of Robinson).


3. Endorsement for pre-solo aeronautical knowledge: 14 CFR 61.87(b)

I certify that ___________________ (First name, MI, Last name)has satisfactorily completed the pre-soloknowledge exam required by 61.87(b) for the ____________________ (make and model aircraft).


4. Endorsement for pre-solo flight training: 14 CFR 61.87(c)

I certify that ____________________ (First name, MI, Last name)has received the required pre-solo trainingin a ____________________ (make and model aircraft). I have determined he/she has demonstrated theprociency required by 61.87(d) and is procient to make solo ights in ____________________ (make andmodel aircraft).


5. Endorsement for solo flight (first 90 day period): 14 CFR 61.87 (n)(2)

I certify that _____________________(First name, MI, Last name)has received the required training to qualiffor solo ying. I have determined he/she meets the applicable requirements of section 61.87(n) and is procien

to make solo ights in a _________________(make and model aircraft)




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6. Endorsement for solo (each additional 90-day period): 14 CFR 61.87(p)

I certify that ____________________ (First name, MI, Last name)has received the required training to qualifyfor solo ying. I have determined he/she meets the applicable requirements of 61.87(p) and is procient tomake solo ights in ____________________ (make and model aircraft).


7. Endorsement for solo flight in the Class B airspace: 14 CFR 61.95(a)

I certify that ____________________ (First name, MI, Last name)has received the training required by61.95(a). I have determined he/she is procient to conduct solo ights in ____________________ (name ofClass B)airspace. (List any applicable conditions or limitations.)


8. Endorsement for solo flight to, from, or at an airport located within Class B airspace: 14 CFR 61.95(a) and91.131(b)(1)

I certify that ____________________ (First name, MI, Last name) has received the training requiredby 61.95(a)(1). I have determined that he/she is procient to conduct solo ight operations at____________________ (name of airport). (List any applicable conditions or limitations.)


Reminder: Instructor will need to endorse student pilot certicate.



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ObjectiveIn this stage the student begins building on the foundation of basic skills. Stage 2 ight training focuses on

advanced maneuvers with some review of primary maneuvers as necessary.

Ground Training

Flying for range and endurance

Stability Weather reports and forecasts

Flight Computer

Flight Training

Maximum performance takeoffs and landings

Advanced technique takeoffs and landings Emergency conditions


Stage 2 is complete when the student achieves the objective of each lesson and can list or describe the

correct process or reference for accomplishing elements, exercises and activities. Students shall score at

least 80% on the Stage 2 exam with all decient areas reconciled to 100%.

Stage 2Advanced Maneuvers and Solo Practice



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Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to practice previously learned maneuvers in solo

ight. The ight tasks listed represent options for the instructor to

choose from in assigning maneuvers. These may vary dependingupon weather, student prociency or other factors. Instructors

should review tasks that should not be practiced solo:

1. Autorotation

2. Simulated forced landings

3. Settling with power

4. Recovery from low rpm

5. Low G maneuvers

Content:

____ Vertical takeoffs to a hover



____Surface taxi

____Hover taxi____Air taxi

____ Normal and crosswind takeoffs

____Trafc patterns

____Climbs and normal approaches

____ Go-around


This module is complete when the student has successfully

completed the solo ight.

Stage 2 / Module 1


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________

Stage 2 / Module 1 andSolo

Minimum 141 Requirements: 1.0 hour solo



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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to gain an understanding of the factors involved

in ying for range and endurance. The student will also learn the

elements of specialty takeoffs and landings and learn about slopedsurface operations, sling loads and stability.

Content:

____Power

____Total horsepower required curve

____Flying for range

____Flying for endurance

____Stability

____Out-of-wind takeoffs and landings

____Different types of takeoffs and landings

_____ Downwind takeoffs and landings

_____Running takeoff

_____Cushion-creep takeoff

_____Conned area takeoff _____Maximum performance takeoff

_____Running landing

_____The zero speed landing

____ Operations on sloping surfaces

____ Sling operations




Assignment:

Principles of Helicopter Flight, 2nd Edition, Chapters 13, 21,

and 22

Flight Training

Objective:

This lesson begins paving the way toward more demanding kinds

of operations. The student is introduced to maximum performance

takeoff and climbs, rolling and running takeoffs and shallowapproaches with running/roll-on landings.

Content:

____Preight

____Review of maneuvers as needed

____Maximum performance takeoffs and climbs

____Hovering autorotation


____Rolling and running takeoffs

____Shallow approach and running/roll-on landings

____Introduction to 180 degree autorotation

____Postight

Completion Standards:This module is complete when the student understands the

operational considerations for using maximum performance takeof

and landings. The student should also have a solid understanding o

the techniques used for these maneuvers.

Recommended reading:

FAA-H-8083-21, Chapter 10 (1-6)


Stage 2 / Module 2


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to continue practicing Stage 1 maneuvers. The ight

tasks listed represent options for the instructor to choose from in

assigning the maneuvers. These may vary depending upon weather,student prociency or other factors.

Content:

____Preight




____Surface taxi

____Hover taxi

____Air taxi


____Trafc patterns


____Go around____Postight




Stage 2 / Module 3


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________





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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to learn how to interpret weather reports, forecasts

and charts.

Content:

____ Observations

____ Service outlets

_____FSS

_____TIBS

_____DUATS

_____EFAS

_____HIWAS

_____TWEB

____Weather briengs

____Reports

_____METARS

_____PIREPS

_____ SD

____Forecasts

_____TAFs

_____Area forecasts

_____In-ight advisories

_____AIRMET

_____SIGMET

_____ WST

_____FD

_____ Weather charts

_____Surface analysis

_____ Weather depiction

_____Radar summary

_____Prognostic charts




Assignment:


Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to learn the elements of conned area operations.

Prociency will also be increased in maximum performance takeof

and climbs as well as steep approaches.

Content:

____Preight

____Rolling takeoff

____Maximum performance takeoff and climb


____Conned area operations approach and departure

____High and low reconnaissance

____Shallow approach and running/roll-on landing

____Retreating blade stall Discussion

____Autorotations

____Recognition and recovery from low rotor rpm


____Trafc pattern operations____Postight


This module is complete when the student understands the element

and techniques for conducting rolling takeoffs. The student should

also have an understanding of the factors involved in conned area

operations, including high and low reconnaissance. During both

maneuvers rpm should be kept within normal limits.


FAA-H-8083-21, Chapter 11 (5-9)


Stage 2 / Module 4


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Flight Training

Objective:

In this module the student will continue practicing instructor

assigned maneuvers in addition to the advanced maneuvers listed.

The ight tasks listed represent options for the instructor to choosefrom in assigning the maneuvers. These may vary depending upon

weather, student prociency or other factors.

Content:

____Preight



____Hovering turns


____Surface taxi

____Hover taxi

____Air taxi


____Trafc patterns____Climbs and normal approaches

____ Go-around

____Postight

Advanced maneuvers for practice:







Stage 2 / Module 5


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________





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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to learn the functionality of the ight computer and

practice solving time, speed, distance and fuel problems.

Content:

____ Introduction

____Time, speed distance

____Fuel consumption

____ Conversions

____True airspeed and density altitude

____Using the wind side

____ Sample problems



the sample problems in the ight computer manual.

Assignment:The ight computer user manual

Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to learn about emergency operations such as

dynamic rollover. An instructor discussion should cover the listed

topics. The student will also be introduced to pinnacle/platform anslope operations and continue to practice advanced maneuvers.

Content:

____Preight

____ Normal takeoff to a hover


____Emergency conditions discussion

_____Dynamic rollover

_____Ground resonance

_____Low G conditions

_____ Low rotor rpm

_____Anti-torque system failure

____ Slope operations

____Maximum performance takeoff and climb____Pinnacle/platform operations


____ Steep approach

____180 degree autorotation

____Postight


This module is complete when the student understands the factors

involved in slope operations. The transition from slope to stabilize

hover should be smooth with heading control within 15 degrees.

The student should also know the recovery procedure for each

emergency situation.


FAA-H-8083-21, Chapter 10 (7-9)


Stage 2 / Module 6


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to practice new solo maneuvers along with what the

instructor assigns. The ight tasks listed represent options for the

instructor to choose from in assigning the maneuvers.

Content:

____Preight



____Hovering turns


____Surface taxi

____Hover taxi

____Air taxi


____Trafc patterns


____ Go-around____Postight

Advanced maneuvers:




Completion standards:



Stage 2 / Module 7


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________





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Lesson Time: Dual 1.0 hour ight, or whatever is necessary to

meet objective

1.0 hour ground instruction, or whatever is

necessary to meet objective

Flight and Ground Training

Objective:

For the chief ight instructor or designee to review the students

progress. If student performance is satisfactory, training can

progress to Stage 3 for cross-country training.

Content:

____Preight


____ Slope operations

____Conned area operations

____Pinnacle/platform operations

____Collision avoidance

____Rolling takeoff (wheels)

____Running takeoff

____ Steep approach

____180 degree autorotation

____Shallow approach and running/roll-on landing

____Rapid deceleration____ Emergencies

_____Retreating blade stall

_____Dynamic rollover

_____Ground resonance

_____Low G conditions

_____ Low rotor rpm and blade stall

____ Go-around

____Postight


This module is complete when the student performs the maneuvers

using proper procedures. Straight and level maneuvering altitude

should be kept within 150 feet, heading 10 degrees and airspeed10 knots. During hover, altitude should be kept within 5 feet and

ground track kept within 5 feet. The student should have a complet

understanding of the listed emergency tasks and their recovery

procedures.

Stage 2 / Module 8 and Stage Check

Stage 2 / Module 8


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________

Stage Exam Score: ____________________________________

Stage Check Successful: _____________________________



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ObjectiveThe objective of Stage 3 is for the student to gain knowledge and experience in the following:

Ground Training

Aeromedical factors

Night ying Flight planning

Radio navigation: VOR, ADF, radar, transponder,

DME, RNAV

Enroute navigation

Flight Training

Pre-cross-country maneuvers (per 14 CFR

61.93) Cross-country ight planning

The required dual and solo cross-country time


Stage 3 is complete when the student achieves the objective of each lesson, and can list or describe the

correct process or reference for accomplishing elements, exercises and activities. Student shall score at

least 80% on the Stage 3 Exam, and all decient areas shall be reconciled to 100%.

Stage 3Cross-Country Flight



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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to learn about aeromedical factors as well as the

elements involved in night ying.

Content:

____Aeromedical factors

_____Medical certicates

_____Health factors

_____Hypoxia

_____Hyperventilation

_____ Middle ear and sinus problems

_____ Spatial disorientation/illusions

_____ Motion sickness

_____Carbon monoxide

_____ Stress and fatigue

_____Dehydration

_____Alcohol/drugs

_____ Scuba diving

_____ Vision

____ Night operations

_____Controlled ight into terrain

_____Physiology

_____ Vision

_____Aircraft lighting

_____ Visual illusions

_____Autokinesis

_____Night myopia

_____False horizon

_____ Landing illusions

_____Night ight


This lesson is complete when the student has completed the

assigned reading.

Assignment:



Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to learn about the elements involved in night ying

and to gain experience with night operations.

Content:

____Weather brieng

____Night physiology

____Night preight inspection

____Lighting and equipment

____Use of charts/obstructions and minimum altitudes

____ Normal and crosswind takeoffs and approaches


____Hovering maneuvers

____Postight


This module is complete when the student understands the

considerations affecting night operations and has gained experiencying at night.


Stage 3 / Module 1


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Ground Training

Objective:

To introduce the student to the tools and concepts used in planning

for cross-country ight.

Content:

____Charts

____Time zones

____ Variation

____ Deviation

____Effect of wind

____Calculations time, speed, distance

____Computers and plotters

____Pilotage

____ Dead reckoning

____ Wind vectors

____Flight planning

_____Publications including POH

_____Plotting a course

_____Flight log

_____Flight plans




Assignment:


Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to learn the concepts of cross-country ying.

Because there is a lot of new material, instructors may choose

to conduct a 1 hour non-ying lesson to cover the necessarybackground information. This information is contained under the

topic cross-country discussion. In this lesson the student will

become familiar with navigating by means of pilotage and dead

reckoning.

Content:

____ Weight and balance

____Emergency equipment and survival gear

____Cross-country discussion

_____Flight publications

_____NOTAMs

_____Flight Service

_____Flight following and radar services

_____Two way communications _____Airspace system

_____Plotting course

_____Flight log

_____ Weather

_____Filing ight plan

_____Flight computer

____Preight

____Cross-country ight

____Performance charts

____Use of ight log

____Flight plan

____Pilotage

____ Dead reckoning with use of compass____Trafc pattern procedures including arrival, departure and

approach

____Collision avoidance

____Emergency procedures

____Postight


This module is complete when the student is able to satisfactorily

complete the pre-ight planning for cross-country ight. The student

should show competent weather analysis and be able to y a pre-

planned route using pilotage and dead reckoning. Altitude should be

within 250 feet, heading within 15 degrees.

Stage 3 / Module 2


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________

Stage 3 / Module 2 Minimum 141 Requirements: Dual cross-country1.5 hours ight,2.0 hours ground instruction



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Ground Training

Objective:

For the student to gain a practical understanding of radio navigation

using the VOR, ADF, DME, Transponder and GPS.

Content:

Navigation aids

____ VOR

____ VOR/DME, TACAN and VORTAC

_____Course deviation indicator

_____TO/FROM arrow

_____VOR receiver check

_____ Orientation

_____Course intercept

_____ Tracking

____ NDB and ADF

_____ADF and heading indicator

_____NDB range, accuracy, identication

_____ADF control panel

_____ADF relative bearing indicator (RBI)

_____ADF radio magnetic indicator

_____ Orientation

_____Course intercept

_____ Tracking

____ Radar

____ Transponder

____ DME

____ GPS

____ VHF Direction Finding


This lesson is complete when the student has successfully completedthe assigned reading.

Assignment:


Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to understand the principles of radio navigation

using VOR, ADF and/or GPS. The student will also learn how to

divert from a ight plan and how to proceed after becoming lost.

Content:

____Preight

____VOR exercises:

_____Plotting a course using VOR radials

_____VOR radio operation including signal loss

_____VOR intercept and tracking drills including

station passage

____ADF exercises:

_____Principle of bearings and ADF display

_____Operating the ADF

_____ADF homing drills

____GPS

____ Locating position____ Lost procedures and radar services

____Pilotage

____ Diversion procedures

_____Alternate selection

_____Estimate of heading, groundspeed, ETA and

fuel

____Postight


This module is complete when the student understands the

principles of radio navigation. The student should be able to track

a VOR radial, know how to divert safely and know how to handle

becoming lost. Altitude should be within 250 feet, heading within

degrees.


Stage 3 / Module 3


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________



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Instructor Note: Follow the format below when signing-off the endorsement for your students. (From AC 61-65E)

1. Endorsement for initial solo cross-country flight: 14CFR 61.93 (c)(1)

I certify that ______________________(First name, MI, Last name)has received the required solo cross-country training. I nd he/she has met the applicable requirements of section 61.93, and is procient to makesolo cross-country ights in a _____________(make and model aircraft)


2. Endorsement for each solo cross-country flight: 14 CFR 61.93(c)(2)

I have reviewed the cross-country planning of ____________________ (First name, MI, Last name). I ndthe planning and preparation to be correct to make the solo ight from ____________________ (location)to ____________________ (destination)via ____________________ (route of ight)with landings at____________________ (name the airports)in a ____________________ (make and model aircraft)on____________________ (date). (List any applicable conditions or limitations.)




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Flight Training

Objective:

For the student to gain the required experience in solo cross-country

operations. Flight must be at least 50 NM.

Content:

____Cross-country planning

____ Instructor endorsement

____Preight

____Radio navigation

____Pilotage

____ Dead reckoning

____Flight log kept throughout ight

____At least one landing more than 50 NM from departure airport

____Postight


This module is complete when the student can maintain ight

within 200 feet, 15 degrees, and 10 knots, at all times. Cross-country should be own within 3 NM of the planned route. Arrival

at enroute checkpoints should be within 5 minutes of the initial or

revised ETA.

Stage 3 / Module 5


Signature: ______________________________________________

Time Flown: ____________________________________________

Stage 3 / Module 5 andSolo X/C

Minimum 141 Requirements: Solo cross-country

1.5 hours ight



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Ground Training

Objective:

To complete the Stage 3 exam and review missed questions upon

completion.

Content:

____Stage 3 exam


Documents

Principles of Helicopter Flight Syllabus