Principles of Computational Design and Additive Manufacturing

Led by the Mediated Matter Group | MIT Media Lab E14-341 MAS.500 CAD/AM Module | WF 11:00-13:00

Professor Neri Oxman (neri@mit.edu) TAs for CAD/FAB module Markus Kayser (m_kayser@mit.edu) Jorge Duro-Royo (j_duro@mit.edu) Laia Mogas-Soldevila (dumo@mit.edu) John Klein (j_klein@mit.edu) Chikara Inamura (inamura@mit.edu) Will Patrick (moonshot@mit.edu) Sunanda Sharma (ssunanda@mit.edu) Overview The MAS.500 Principles of Computational Design and Additive Manufacturing module will explore making through the lens of design, with a specific focus on designing for additive manufacturing. We will familiarize students with CAD software and computational design tools with which to create their own projects throughout the course of the module. Additionally, we will explore computational design and digital fabrication across multiple fields, including architecture, biology, and mechanical engineering. Students enrolled will gain insight into processes of digital and physical form finding and acquire skills that will be applicable across scales and disciplines. Students will be expected to complete a final video project linking the assignments for each session to demonstrate their understanding of the material.

Session Outline • (Oct 08) Intro/Course Overview/Documentation, Video, Photography - NEO, SK, MK, WP • (Oct 10) 3D Modeling & Complex Geometries (Rhino + Maya) - JK, CI • (Oct 15) Additive Manufacturing (Printer Software Tutorials) - WP, MK • (Oct 17) Parametric Design Systems (Rhino - Grasshopper) - L & J • (Oct 24) Design Scripting (Rhino>FEA) - JK, CI • (Oct 29) Biomolecular Design - WP, SK, SS • (Oct 31) Rendering/Animation - JK, CI • (Nov 05) Final Project/Research Review - All

Equipment

• MM Makerbot 2 • MM Makerbot 2X • MM Up Plus 2 • Form 1 • Connex 500 • MM to purchase cleaner solutions, filaments, print scraping tools, print base tapes/films

SESSIONS 1 - 8 SESSION 1 - OCT 8 Introduction and Communication: How to present and communicate your design project

Image: Evolution and design process of a Doppler Radar fromm http://www.kdtdesign.com/lynx.html Gurus: Steve Keating, Markus Kayser, Will Patrick Description: Over the eight classes of this module, students will be expected to create an independent project based on the skills gained in each session. In this session, instructors will discuss the overarching ideals of the module and focus on how design has developed in various fields. This session will be comprised of two parts – a module introduction, reviewing all tools and methods that will be taught over the period of the module followed by the 2D + 3D CAD MODELING session. Tutors will briefly introduce a select number of

design software, emphasizing the mathematical logic and reviewing advantages (e.g. mesh based packages VS NURBS based modelers). The goal of this introductory session is to teach students how to generate design ideas, document progress, and discuss effective presentation skills for future projects. Please bring a laptop computer to class and have installed Adobe Creative Suite (free 30-day trial linked below, in-lab Illustrator assignment) and a video editing software package (Final Cut Pro X has a 30-day free trial linked below, iMovie will also work or any other editing package). If you have a camera, please bring it and any cords required to transfer video from it to a computer (if you have a good cell phone camera, please bring the cable to transfer images/video off of it). Useful links/software: Adobe Trial (30 day trial): https://creative.adobe.com/plans Apple Final Cut Pro X (30 day trial): http://www.apple.com/final-cut-pro/trial/ Timelapse Assembler (open-source): http://www.dayofthenewdan.com/projects/time-lapse-assembler-1 Sequence (timelapse/14 days): http://frosthaus.com/sequence/ GIMP (open-source photoshop): http://www.gimp.org/ Windows Movie Maker: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-vista/getting-started-with-windows-movie-maker Celtx (pre-production video organizer, 15 free trial): https://www.celtx.com/index.html Tutorial links: Good general tutorial site for editing softwares: http://library.creativecow.net/ Basics of Final Cut Pro X: http://www.izzyvideo.com/final-cut-pro-x-tutorial/ iMovie tutorials: http://www.izzyvideo.com/imovie-tutorial/ Windows Movie Maker intro tutorial: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZXK68NS7gU Film + camera tips: http://www.film.queensu.ca/250/index_250.html Long exposure photography: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GY7i2ezphwc Illustrator: http://blog.spoongraphics.co.uk/articles/50-illustrator-tutorials-every-designer-should-see Example videos: Jifei’s DAS video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jER7dFFLLog Silk Pavilion Film: https://vimeo.com/67177328 Solar Sinter Film: https://vimeo.com/25401444 MIT Resources: MIT Video Release Form (for all people shown in film): http://bit.ly/MSJVua MIT Comparative Media Studies Department: http://cmsw.mit.edu/about/

SESSION 2 - Oct 10 3D Modeling and Complex Geometries: Introduction to Rhino and Maya

Image: Modeling of the ZHA Seoul World Design Park building envelope Gurus: Chikara Inamura and John Klein Description: The 3D Modeling / Complex Geometries module will explore design modelling across various industries and scales (automotive, aeronautical, animation, architectural, engineering, product design, ect.) while emphasizing Mesh and NURBS packages in Autodesk’s Maya and Rhinoceros 3D. Participants will learn the fundamental basics in 3D designing through mathematical / geometrical and topology based processes. Software used (must download and install beforehand): Autodesk Maya 2013 (for windows only!)- http://www.autodesk.com/education/free-software/maya Rhinoceros 5 (for windows only!) - http://www.rhino3d.com/download Relevant links: Zaha Hadid Construction Intelligence - http://vimeo.com/55720263 http://www.rhino3d.com/tutorials http://www.lynda.com/Rhino-tutorials/Rhino-5-Essential-Training/133324-2.html Assignment description: Participants will be challenged to model a complex geometrical assembly to 3D print.

SESSION 3 - OCT 15 Additive Manufacturing (Printer Software Tutorials)

Image: Example of additive manufacturing models Gurus: Will Patrick + Markus Kayser Description: We will explore how to design 3D CAD models and print them using additive manufacturing machines (3D printers). We will focus particularly on designing models and mechanical parts for student projects. Students will learn “tips and tricks” for how to design parts for 3D printing and prepare 3D CAD files for 3D printing. This session will include hands-on tutorials in the Mediated Matter Lab space, using different kinds of low cost 3D printers such as the UP 2 plus, Makerbot 2 and Formlabs machines. CAM tools used: Previously installed Rhinoceros-3D CAD modeling tool will be used. Please bring your own laptops to class. FDM machines - MakerBot, CubePro Trio, Up! Plus Printer SLA machines - Form 1 Software download links: Form Labs software Up Software Makerbot software Precedent projects (links to relevant works): Open source syringe pump Solar sinter Material Assignment description: Assignment for this section will ask students to go through the whole process of designing and 3D printing a single object, which has moving parts.

Bibliography: Lipson, H., Fabricated: the new world of 3D printing, John Wiley & Sons, (2013). (ISBN 9781118410240) Labaco, Ronald T., Out of Hand: Materializing the Postdigital, Black Dog Publishing, (2013). (ISBN 9781908966230) http://www.thingiverse.com http://www.shapeways.com http://www.shapeways.com/tutorials http://reprap.org SESSION 4 - OCT 17 Parametric Design Systems (Rhino-Grasshopper)

Image: Diatom microorganisms displaying geometrical variation and feature differentiation, often a target of parametric design systems Gurus: Jorge Duro + Laia Mogas Description: This session will cover the foundations of parametric design and associative modeling. Students will learn how to embed parameters describing their designs, thereby generating associative modeling platforms that are generic, generative and flexible. CAM tools used: Rhinoceros-5 ® 3D CAD platform, Grasshopper ® (plug-in) associative modeling and scripting platform. Assignment description:

Assignment for this section will ask students to iterate a parametric design that we will show in class. We will explore micro geometries and transport them to the macro world. Software download links: Rhino5 Evaluation version: http://www.rhino3d.com/download/rhino/5/latest?PageSpeed=noscript Free Plug-in: http://www.rhino3d.com/download/grasshopper/1.0/wip?PageSpeed=noscript Advanced programming: http://www.dotnetperls.com http://msdn.microsoft.com/library Relevant links: http://www.radiolaria-project.de/indexFlash.html http://designplaygrounds.com http://architecturalecologies.com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfznnKUwywQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhjUli4cYEg&feature=player_embedded Bibliography: Main source: http://www.grasshopper3d.com/page/tutorials-1 Advanced Source: Generative Algorithms with Grasshopper - s3.amazonaws.com Background: http://www.amazon.com/Architectural-Geometry-Helmut-Pottmann/dp/193449304X SESSION 5 - OCT 24 Design Scripting and Simulation (Rhinoscript, Grasshopper VB)

Image: 3D model of a vascular network of a human lung Gurus: Chikara Inamura + John Klein Description: This module will introduce the foundation of scripting and simulation methods to construct logical 3D models. Instead of drafting 3D representation through GUI, students will learn how to embed functional logics through the process of constructing 3D objects.

Software used: Rhinoceros 5, Grasshopper Assignment description: Students will develop simple scripts to generate and/or simulate logical network structure and produce a digital and physical 3d model. Relevant links: http://wiki.mcneel.com/developer/rhinoscript101 http://v5.rhino3d.com/group/rhinoscript http://www.rhinoscript.org SESSION 6 - OCT 29 Biological and Mechanical Systems (fluidics & mechanisms)

Image: 2D and 3D structures of RNA enzymes generated through a rational design process Gurus: Will Patrick, Steven Keating, Sunanda Sharma Description: In this session, students will be introduced to design in biology and mechanics. Instructors will provide demos using different software to illustrate the principles of design on macro to micro scales. Students will be able to use software tools to create molecules and plasmids after a basic introduction into macromolecule structure. The goal is to apply the approach developed in previous module classes to biology, acknowledging that living systems have inherent noise and dynamic properties that provide both

challenges and interesting possibilities to typical design strategies. Additionally, instructors will discuss mechanical systems and microfluidics that can serve to interface between scales. Software used: Solidworks StarBiochem GenoCAD Geneious Relevant links: http://matter.media.mit.edu/tools/details/carpal-skin http://matter.media.mit.edu/environments/details/silk-pavillion Bibliography: http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/121015/srep00734/full/srep00734.html SESSION 7 - OCT 31 Design & Fabrication Visualization

Image: The working envelope of the Mediated Matter Group’s Digital Construction Platform Gurus: John Klein + Chikara Inamura Description: The module will explore the general principles behind designing and animating geometry / environments utilizing Autodesk's Maya 2013. The module will cover the basics of animation scene organization, digital lighting and materials, motion and camera paths and rendering using Maya's Mental Ray engine. The animation scenes will then be batch rendered and compiled using Adobe After Effects, in turn taking the participants through a full animation design and production cycle.

CAM tools used: Autodesk Maya 2013 Adobe After Effects Software download links: Autodesk Maya 2013 - http://www.autodesk.com/education/free-software/maya Adobe After Effects - http://www.adobe.com/products/aftereffects.html Tutorial Links: Digital Tutors - http://www.digitaltutors.com/software/Maya-tutorials Creative Crash - http://www.creativecrash.com/ Screwdriver Render - http://www.creativecrash.com/maya/tutorials/rendering-lighting Precedent projects: Factory Fifteen - http://www.factoryfifteen.com/ 1st Avenue Machine - http://www.1stavemachine.com/#/work/commercial Assignment description: Participants will be challenged to design, create, render and edit an animation of their project that explores all general principles and techniques taught in class. SESSION 8 - NOV 5 Final Project/Research Review

Image: Architecture pin-up board from http://liquidinfrastructure.wordpress.com/ Gurus: All Description: A collection of projects chosen by the TAs will be selected and discussed in class.