Primo Levi, Auschwitz Primo Levi, Auschwitz survivorsurvivor

If there is one thing sure in this If there is one thing sure in this world, it is certainly this: that it world, it is certainly this: that it will not happen to us a second will not happen to us a second

time.time.

HumanityHumanity

What is it? Who has it? Where What is it? Who has it? Where was it in Rwanda?was it in Rwanda?

DefinitionDefinition

the quality of being humane; the quality of being humane; kindness; benevolence kindness; benevolence

RWANDARWANDA

SizeSize

slightly smaller slightly smaller than Marylandthan Maryland

CLIMATE / TERRAINCLIMATE / TERRAIN

temperate; two rainy seasons temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains w/ January); mild in mountains w/ frost & snow possiblefrost & snow possible

mostly grassy uplands & hills; mostly grassy uplands & hills; relief is mountainous w/ altitude relief is mountainous w/ altitude declining from west to eastdeclining from west to east

Pg. 20Pg. 20

descriptiondescription

INDEPENDANCEINDEPENDANCE

1 July 1962 (from 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered Belgium-administered

UN trusteeship)UN trusteeship)

Pg.23Pg.23

History of obeying History of obeying

FIGHT FOR FREEDOMFIGHT FOR FREEDOM

In 1959, three In 1959, three years before years before independence independence from Belgium, the from Belgium, the majority ethnic majority ethnic group, the Hutus, group, the Hutus, overthrew the overthrew the ruling Tutsi kingruling Tutsi king. .

FIGHT CONTIUESFIGHT CONTIUES

thousands of Tutsis were killedthousands of Tutsis were killed some 150,000 were driven into exile some 150,000 were driven into exile

in neighboring countriesin neighboring countries children of these exiles later formed children of these exiles later formed

a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)Front (RPF)

RPF began a civil war in 1990 RPF began a civil war in 1990

Rwanda’s GenocideRwanda’s Genocide

1990’s: Ethnic conflict between the Hutu & 1990’s: Ethnic conflict between the Hutu & Tutsi leads to genocideTutsi leads to genocide Hutu tried to completely wipe out the TutsiHutu tried to completely wipe out the Tutsi

History of the conflict: History of the conflict: Until A.D. 1600 Rwanda/Burundi region Until A.D. 1600 Rwanda/Burundi region

occupied by Hutuoccupied by Hutu 1994: Hutu presidents of R/B killed1994: Hutu presidents of R/B killed

Hutu’s suspect Tutsi’s and begin mass killingHutu’s suspect Tutsi’s and begin mass killing

EconomyEconomy

poor rural country with about 90% of poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculturesubsistence) agriculture

landlocked with few natural landlocked with few natural resources & minimal industryresources & minimal industry

Primary foreign exchange earners Primary foreign exchange earners are coffee & teaare coffee & tea

Virunga MountainsVirunga Mountains

Mountain gorillas / Mountain gorillas / Diane Fossey / Diane Fossey /

PoachingPoaching

Hazards/IssuesHazards/Issues

deforestation (uncontrolled cutting of deforestation (uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel)trees for fuel)

OvergrazingOvergrazing soil exhaustion & soil erosionsoil exhaustion & soil erosion widespread poachingwidespread poaching periodic droughtsperiodic droughts VolcanoVolcano AIDSAIDS

arable land:arable land: 45.56% 45.56%

Life Expectancy: 47 yearsLife Expectancy: 47 years

Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups

Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 15%, Twa (Hamitic) 15%, Twa

(Pygmy) 1%(Pygmy) 1%

Pg.47, 50Pg.47, 50

Ethnic divisions Ethnic divisions

ReligionReligion

Roman Catholic 56.5%Roman Catholic 56.5% Protestant 26%Protestant 26% Adventist 11.1%Adventist 11.1% Muslim 4.6%Muslim 4.6% indigenous beliefs 0.1%indigenous beliefs 0.1% none 1.7%none 1.7%

LanguageLanguage

Kinyarwanda (official) Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacularuniversal Bantu vernacular French (official)French (official) English (official)English (official) Kiswahili (Swahili) used in Kiswahili (Swahili) used in

commercial centerscommercial centers

MILITARYMILITARY

Rwandan Defense Forces: Rwandan Defense Forces: Army, Air ForceArmy, Air Force

Iterahamwe “those who attack Iterahamwe “those who attack together” (Hutu)together” (Hutu)

FLEEFLEE

April 1994: genocide of roughly April 1994: genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis & moderate Hutus800,000 Tutsis & moderate Hutus

Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime & ended the killing in July regime & ended the killing in July 19941994

approximately 2 million Hutu approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled retribution - fled

RefugeesRefugees

57,000 reside in 21 57,000 reside in 21 African statesAfrican states

Zambia &GabonZambia &Gabon 20,000 fled to 20,000 fled to

Burundi in 2005 & Burundi in 2005 & 2006 to escape 2006 to escape drought & drought & recriminations courts recriminations courts investigating 1994 investigating 1994 massacres massacres

Denouncing Evil Denouncing Evil

Is a far cry from doing Is a far cry from doing good (170)good (170)

InsideInside

Teachers killed studentsTeachers killed students Doctors killed patientsDoctors killed patients Priest killed followersPriest killed followers Families took children from neighbors to Families took children from neighbors to

protect themprotect them Widowers took neighbors wives to Widowers took neighbors wives to

protect themprotect them Some joined mob to prevent being killedSome joined mob to prevent being killed

Common Tool for GenocideCommon Tool for Genocide

What was the US doing?What was the US doing?

Pg.151-154 & 269Pg.151-154 & 269

Rwandans believeRwandans believe

God visits other countries by God visits other countries by day, but every night he day, but every night he

returns to rest in Rwanda.returns to rest in Rwanda.

Movie scenesMovie scenes

Pg.115 they come to Paul’s housePg.115 they come to Paul’s house Pg.127 keeping military from killing Pg.127 keeping military from killing

at hotelat hotel Pg.132 fax machinePg.132 fax machine Pg.133 outside hotelPg.133 outside hotel Pg.141 doing what’s rightPg.141 doing what’s right Pg.142 first escape atemptPg.142 first escape atempt