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Caryologia: InternationalJournal of Cytology,Cytosystematics andCytogeneticsPublication details, including instructions for authorsand subscription information:http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcar20

Primary Trisomics of TrigonellaCorniculata. II. MeioticBehaviourDalbar Singha & Avtar Singha

a Department of Genetics, Punjab AgriculturalUniversity, Ludhiana, IndiaPublished online: 30 Jan 2014.

To cite this article: Dalbar Singh & Avtar Singh (1980) Primary Trisomics of TrigonellaCorniculata. II. Meiotic Behaviour, Caryologia: International Journal of Cytology,Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics, 33:1, 33-39, DOI: 10.1080/00087114.1980.10796817

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1980.10796817

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PRIMARY TRISOMICS OF TRIGONELLA CORNICULAT A. II. MEIOTIC BEHAVIOUR

DALBAR SINGH and A VT AR SINGH*

Department of Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India

Received: 14"' December 1978

INTRODUCTION

Trigonella corniculata L. (2n = 16) is cultivated as a vegetable in India. Primary trisomics isolated from the progenies of spontaneous autotri­ploids (SINGH and SAINI 1971) were identified and classified on the basis of morphological characters (SINGH et al. in press). This paper describes the meiotic behaviour of these trisomics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The trisomics were isolated from the strain ' Kasuri methi' of T. corniculata. Floral buds fixed in acetic-alcohol mixture ( 1 : 3) between 9 AM and 11 AM in January-February were squashed in acetocarmine. Temporary preparations were used for studies and photomicrographs. Chiasmata were counted from well-spread cells at metaphase I.

RESULTS

Diakinesis: The number of nucleoli per cell in different trisomics ranged from 1-7 (Table 1) whereas only one or two nucleoli are present in a diploid pollen mother cell. ' Condensed ' and ' Dark green ' trisomics had one nucleolus per cell but the number varied in other trisomics. A maximum of seven nucleoli per cell were observed in ' Thick leaf' trisomic (Fig. 1 ). The number of bivalents attached to a nucleolus in a cell varied from one to four (Fig. 2). Chromosomal associations at diakinesis are given in Table 1.

*Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong -793 014, India.

[Caryologia, Vol. 33, n. 1, 1980

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Tri

som

ic

Pur

ple

mid

rib

Thi

ck l

eaf

Dee

p cu

rvat

ure

Con

dens

ed

Not

ched

Tin

y

Dar

k gr

een

Pse

udon

orm

al

Ave

rage

Dip

loid

TA

BL

E

1

Chr

omos

ome

asso

ciat

ion

and

num

ber

of n

ucle

oli

at

diak

ines

is i

n th

e pr

imar

y tr

isom

ics

of T

. co

rnic

ulat

a.

Num

ber

of c

ells

100

100

100

100

10:>

100

100

100

100

100

1111

+711

67.0

66.0

73.0

76.0

58.0

83.0

82.0

63.0

71.0

-

Per

cent

age

of c

ells

w

ith

1111

+611

+2,

811+

11

711+

3,

4.0

23.0

6.

0

3.0

30.0

1.

0

4.0

23.0

0.

0

0.0

22.0

2.

0

5.0

34.0

3.

0

0.0

16.0

1.

0

0.0

16.0

2.

0

3.0

32.0

2.

0

2.4

24.5

2.

1

--

-

Per

cent

age

of c

ells

wit

h nu

cleo

li

1 2

3 4

5 6

93.0

2.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0

77.0

10

.0

5.0

3.0

2.0

2.0

99.0

0.

0 1.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0

100.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0

94.0

4.

0 2.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0

97.0

3.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0 O

.'J

100.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0

89.0

8.

0 3.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0

94.3

3.

4 1.

4 0.

4 0

. .2

0.2

98.0

2.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0 0.

0

7 0.0

1.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

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PRIMARY TRISOMICS OF TRIGONELLA CORNICULATA 35

Metaphase I. Chromosomal associations at metaphase I are shown in Table 2. Trivalents in the trisomics were of different shapes viz., ' Chain', 'Y ', 'frying-pan' and 'phi'. Chain-shaped trivalems were the most frequent

Fig. 1. - Diakinesis showing 8rr + 1r and 7 nucleoli. Fig. 2. - Diakinesis showing 8rr + 1r and 4 bivalents attached to a nucleolus. Fig. 3. - Anaphase I showing 9-8 distribution. F:g. 4. - Anaphase I showing two daughter chromosomes (arrows) at one pole.

in all the trisomics whereas the phi-shaped were observed in six of the eight trisomics and were also the least frequent (Table 2 ). Chiasmata frequencies in the different trisomics are recorded in Table 2.

Anaphase I. Majority of the cells in the trisomics showed 8-9 distribution (Fig. 3, Table 3 ). Occasionally, the laggards divided at anaphase I. Fig. 4 shows anaphase I where two daughter chromosomes resulting from an univalent have moved to the same role.

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1'A

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ome

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ata

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m

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I o

f th

e 1:

iplo

id a

nd t

be p

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ary

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omic

s o

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a.

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ber

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cells

w

ith

Per

cent

age

of c

ells

w

ith

triv

alen

t sh

ape

N

be

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t

ell

Tri

som

ics

of

---

um

ro

c

asm

aap

erc

cells

•1

1J+

1 111

+ •1

1+

111+

C

hain

y

Fry

ing-

Phi

R

ange

M

ean

±

S.E

. 11

1 61

1+21

•1

31

pa

n

Pur

ple

mid

rib

34*

41.2

2.

9 50

.0

5.9

--

--

9-16

13

.6

0.28

10

0 52

.0

6.0

34.0

8.

0 55

.2

22.4

19

.0

3.4

9-16

13

.6

0.14

T

hick

le

af

30*

40.0

0.

0 56

.7

3.3

--

--

8-16

13

.5

0.31

10

0 59

.0

3.0

35.0

3.

0 46

.8

41.9

19

.0

3.4

8-16

13

.9

0.15

D

eep

curv

atur

e 36

* 50

.0

5.6

33.1

11

.3

--

--

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.3

0.29

10

0 50

.0

7.0

35.0

8.

0 68

.4

21.0

10

.5

0.0

10-1

7 13

.7

0.25

C

onde

nsed

40

* 55

.0

5.0

40.0

o.o

-

--

-10

-17

13.7

0.

23

100

54.0

1.

0 41

.0

4.0

63.6

23

.6

9.1

3.6

9-16

14

.3

0.16

N

otch

ed

54*

48.1

3.

7 42

.6

5.4

--

--

10-1

6 13

.6

0.10

10

0 44

.0

1.0

46.0

9.

0 82

.2

13.3

4.

5 0.

0 8-

16

14.1

0.

17

Tin

y 30

* 50

.0

0.0

36.7

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.3

--

--

10-1

6 13

.5

0.20

10

0 63

.0

1.0

33.0

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.9

28.1

9.

4 1.

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13.5

0.

14

Dar

k gr

een

30*

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6.

7 43

.3

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--

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.8

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0 59

.0

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39.0

3.

0 70

.5

19.7

6.

6 3.

3 9-

16

14.0

0.

15

Pseu

dono

rmaJ

37

* 43

.2

5.4

51.4

0.

0 -

--

-10

-16

13.1

0.

26

100

39.0

2.

0 54

.0

5.0

70.7

22

.0

2.4

4.9

8-16

13

.4

0.13

Ave

rage

36

.4*

46.8

3.

7 44

.2

5.3

--

--

-13

.5

100

52.5

2.

9 39

.6

5.4

64.8

24

.0

8.5

2.7

-13

.8

Dip

loid

10

0*

--

--

--

--

8-16

13

.9

0.19

10

0 -

--

--

--

-8-

16

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15

*Stu

died

in

19

72-7

3

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PRIMARY TRISOMICS OF TRIGONELLA CORNICULATA 37

TABLE 3

Chromosome distribution at anaphase I of the primary trisomics of T. corniculata. -·------· -·--·

Number Percentage of cells with Number 1973-74 Trisomic type of 1972-73 of Percentage of cells with

cells cells ------------

8-9 8-1-8 7-2-8 8-9 8-1-8 7-2-8 -·------

Purple midrib 39 82.0 17.9 o_o 100 74.0 26.0 0.0 Thick leaf 30 86.7 13.2 0.0 100 79.0 20.0 1.0 Deep curvature 50 90.0 10.0 0.0 100 78.0 22.0 0.0 Condensed 33 75.8 24.2 0.0 100 93.0 7.0 0.0 Notched 38 68.4 31.6 0.0 100 79.0 21.0 0.0 Tiny 48 72.9 27.1 0.0 100 92.0 8.0 0.0 Dark green 37 62.5 35.4 2.1 100 75.0 20.0 5.0 Pseudonormal 32 81.5 18.5 0.0 100 87.0 13.0 0.0

Average 38.4 77.5 22.2 0.3 100 82.l 17.l 0.7

--------

Telophase II. Different trisomics showed 91 to 97% cells without laggards at telophase II (Table 4 ).

Pollen fertility of the diploid and trisomics is given in Table 4.

TABLE 4

Telophase II and pollen fertility in the primary trisomtcs and the diploid of T. corniculata.

Trisomic

Purple midrib Thick leaf Deeptcurvature Condensed Notched Tiny Dark green Pseudonormal

Average

Diploid

Telophase II

Percentage of cells ----~-

Normal with laggards

97.0 3.0 96.0 4.0 94.0 6.0 96.0 4.0 94.0 6.0 95.0 5.0 91.0 9.0 93.0 7.0

94.5 5.5

99.0 1.0

Pollen fertility (%)

1972-73 1973-74

87.8 75.3 79.5 94.2 80.3 95.1 88.5 90.1 86.5 93.J 83.3 87.7 62.6 95.I 87.1 86.7

81.9 89.7

93.1 95.7

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38 SINGH and SINGH

DISCUSSION

Pairing of the extra chromosome in a primary trisomic depends upon the position and the number of chiasmata. As expected, the trivalent frequency at metaphase I was lower than that at diakinesis. The trivalent frequency in the trisomics of T. corniculata had no relation with chromosome length. This relationship was also not observed in the trisomics of T. foenum-graecum (SINGH and SINGH 1976). Though it has been observed in maize (EINSET 1943 ), tomato (RICN and BARTON 1954 ), Lotus pedunculatus (CHEN and GRANT 1968) and pearl millet (VIRMANI and GILL 1971). The mean number of trivalents per extra chromosome was less in trisomics ( 0 .5 5) than that in the autotriploid (0.62) of T. corniculata. Similar trend has b:::en observed in Clarkia unguiculata (VASEK 1963 ), Lotus pedunculatus (CHEN and GRANT 1968) and T. foenum-graecum (SINGH and SINGH 1976).

There is no detectable secondary constriction in the somatic complement of T. corniculata (SINGH and RoY 1970; SINGH and SINGH 1976). However, the maximum disturbance in the number and size of nucleoli is produced by the addition of chromosome 2 (thick leaf) to the normal complement. This chromosome seems to be related with the organisation of the nucleolus. Studies on the volume and surface area of the nucleoli in this trisomic and normal diploid can give information on the effect of increased nucleolar segments on the organisation of nucleoli.

Like the trisomics of T. foenum-graecum (SINGH and SINGH 1976), barley (TSUCHIYA 1967; DAS and KuNnu 1973) and pearl millet (VIRMANI and GILL 1971 ), those of T. corniculata also showed a maximum frequency of chain-shaped trivalents. In T. corniculata, the chiasmata frequency in the trisomics and the diploid were almost the same in 1972-7 3 but increased in some trisomics in the following year. Univalents at metaphase I in trisomics had no relation with chiasmata frequency per cell. Absence of such a relationship has also been reported in jute by DAS and IYER (1972). Univalents at metaphase I and laggards at anaphase I also had no relationship in these trisomics like those of T. foenum-graecum. This relationship was found in maize by EINSET (194 3 ). High pollen and seed fertility are promising features of the trisomic of T. carniculata.

Acknowledgement. - The senior author is grateful to the Indian National Science Academy for financial assistance.

REFERENCES

CHEN CHI-CHANG and GRANT W. F., 1968. - Morphological and cytological identification of the primary trisomics of Lotus pedunculatus (Leguminosae). Can. J. Genet. Cytol., 10: 161-179.

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PRIMARY TRISOMICS OF TRIGONELLA CORNICULATA 39

DAS K. and KuNDU S. C., 1973. - A primary trisomic for chromosome 3 in a 6 rowed barley. Cytologia, 38: 91-97.

DAS K. and !YER R. D., 1972. - Studies on trisomics in a jute hybrid. Genetica, 43: 473-488. EINSET J., 1973. - Chromosome length in relation to transmission frequency of maize

trisomics. Genetics, 28: 349-364. RICK C. M. and BARTON D. W., 1954. - Cytological and genetical identification of primary

trisomics of tomato. Genetics, 39: 640-666. SINGH A. and RoY R. P., 1970. - Karyological studies in Trigonella, Indigo/era and

Phaseolus. Nucleus, 13: 41-54. SINGH A. and SAINI R. G., 1971. - Cytological studies on triploid Trigonella corn:culata.

Genetica, 42: 469-476. SINGH A. and SINGH D., 1976. Karyotype studies in Trigonella. Nucleus, 19: 13-16. SINGH D. and SINGH A., 1976. - Primary trisomics in Trigonella foenum-graecum. Nucleus,

19: 95-98. SINGH D., SINGH A. and RoY R. P., 1978. - Primary trisomics of Trigonella corniculata.

I. Morphology and Identification. Caryologia, (in press). TSUCHIYA T., 1967. - The establishment of a trisomic series in a two rowed cultivated

variety of barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol., 9: 667-682. VASAK F. C., 1963. - Trivalent formation in multiple trisomics of Clarkia zmguiculata.

Am. J. Bot., 50: 244-247. VIRMANI S. S. and G1LL B. S., 1971. - Cytological behaviour of primary simple trisomics of

pearl millet. Caryologia, 24: 427-433.

SUMMARY

The extra chromosome in the primary trisomics of Trigonella corniculata paired with its homologues to form a trivalent in most of the pollen mother cells. Trivalent frequency was not related with chromosome length. Addition of chromosome - 2 produced the maximum disturbance in the number and size of nucleoli in the pollen mother cells. All the eight trisom!cs showed highest frequency of chain-shaped trivalents which were followed by Y-, frying pan and phi-shaped trivalents. Laggards at anaphase I had no relation with the frequency of univalents at metaphase I. Seed setting in the trisomics was good.

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