Pride and Prejudice Study Pack

These pages will help you prepare for the lessons, with vocabulary exercises, analytical questions, and passages from the text for close analysis.

You should prepare for each lesson in the following manner:

• Read the chapters and consider the study questions.• Check that you understand the vocabulary on the list, we'll run through

that briefly at some point during the lesson.• Read the extracts for textual commentary, and consider the guiding

questions for each.

Chapter 1

VOCABULARY1. flatter2. scrupulous

3. vex4. caprice

5. insufficient6. solace

QUESTIONS1. The first sentence of this novel is one of the best known in English

literature. Why does it form such an effective introduction to the novel? In what way(s) is it ironic? Whose opinion does it seem to reflect?

2. What impression do we get of the two principal characters in this first chapter? How is this impression conveyed?

3. What does the first chapter reveal about the priorities of society in Regency England?

EXTRACTS FOR TEXTUAL COMMENTARY

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It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. "My dear Mr. Bennet," said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?" Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. "But it is," returned she; "for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it." Mr. Bennet made no answer. "Do you not want to know who has taken it?" cried his wife impatiently. "You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it." This was invitation enough. "Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it, that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week." "What is his name?" "Bingley." "Is he married or single?" "Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!" "How so? How can it affect them?" "My dear Mr. Bennet," replied his wife, "how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them." "Is that his design in settling here?" "Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes." "I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley may like you the best of the party." "My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty." "In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of."

• What does this extract, particularly lines 1-2, reveal about the novel's themes?

• How is dialogue used for characterisation?

Chapters 2-4

VOCABULARY1. deign2. scold3. discretion4. fretfully5. circumspection6. venture7. surpass8. tumult9. fatigued10. rapture11. make amends12. conjecture13. determine14. ingenious15. surmise16. elude

17. ascertain18. defer19. disconcerted20. countenance21. unaffected

(manners)22. mien23. forbidding24. unreserved25. amiable26. resentment27. slight (verb)28. scarcity29. fastidious30. behold31. cordial

32. disposition33. conceited34. breeding35. gallantry36. apt37. censure38. affectation39. candour40. ostentation41. pliancy42. unassailed43. ductility44. deficient45. haughty46. fastidious

QUESTIONS1. How does chapter 2 contribute to our understanding of Mr and Mrs

Bennet's characters?2. What do we learn about the sisters we meet in chapter 2?3. What impression do we get of the local society?4. What contrast are we presented with between Bingley and Darcy?

How is this impression created?5. What impression is created of the novel's two principal characters,

Lizzy and Darcy, in chapter 3?6. How does the discussion at the beginning of chapter 4 characterise

both Jane and Lizzy? In what ways are the both similar and different?

7. What do we find out about the Bingley family's social status in chapter 4?

8. How does this chapter add further light on Bingley's character?9. What impression does Jane seem to have made on the Bingley party?

EXTRACTS FOR TEXTUAL COMMENTARY

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Elizabeth Bennet had been obliged, by the scarcity of gentlemen, to sit down for two dances; and during part of that time, Mr. Darcy had been standing near enough for her to hear a conversation between him and Mr. Bingley, who came from the dance for a few minutes, to press his friend to join it. "Come, Darcy," said he, "I must have you dance. I hate to see you standing about by yourself in this stupid manner. You had much better dance." "I certainly shall not. You know how I detest it, unless I am particularly acquainted with my partner. At such an assembly as this it would be insupportable. Your sisters are engaged, and there is not another woman in the room whom it would not be a punishment to me to stand up with." "I would not be so fastidious as you are," cried Mr. Bingley, "for a kingdom! Upon my honour, I never met with so many pleasant girls in my life as I have this evening; and there are several of them you see uncommonly pretty." "You are dancing with the only handsome girl in the room," said Mr. Darcy, looking at the eldest Miss Bennet. "Oh! She is the most beautiful creature I ever beheld! But there is one of her sisters sitting down just behind you, who is very pretty, and I dare say very agreeable. Do let me ask my partner to introduce you." "Which do you mean?" and turning round he looked for a moment at Elizabeth, till catching her eye, he withdrew his own and coldly said: "She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me; I am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men. You had better return to your partner and enjoy her smiles, for you are wasting your time with me." Mr. Bingley followed his advice. Mr. Darcy walked off; and Elizabeth remained with no very cordial feelings toward him. She told the story, however, with great spirit among her friends; for she had a lively, playful disposition, which delighted in anything ridiculous.

• What does this extract reveal about the two principal characters?• How is dialogue used for characterisation?

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"Did not you? I did for you. But that is one great difference between us. Compliments always take you by surprise, and me never. What could be more natural than his asking you again? He could not help seeing that you were about five times as pretty as every other woman in the room. No thanks to his gallantry for that. Well, he certainly is very agreeable, and I give you leave to like him. You have liked many a stupider person.""Dear Lizzy!" "Oh! you are a great deal too apt, you know, to like people in general. You never see a fault in anybody. All the world are good and agreeable in your eyes. I never heard you speak ill of a human being in your life." "I would not wish to be hasty in censuring anyone; but I always speak what I think." "I know you do; and it is that which makes the wonder. With your good sense, to be so honestly blind to the follies and nonsense of others! Affectation of candour is common enough — one meets with it everywhere. But to be candid without ostentation or design — to take the good of everybody's character and make it still better, and say nothing of the bad — belongs to you alone. And so you like this man's sisters, too, do you? Their manners are not equal to his." "Certainly not — at first. But they are very pleasing women when you converse with them. Miss Bingley is to live with her brother, and keep his house; and I am much mistaken if we shall not find a very charming neighbour in her." Elizabeth listened in silence, but was not convinced; their behaviour at the assembly had not been calculated to please in general; and with more quickness of observation and less pliancy of temper than her sister, and with a judgement too unassailed by any attention to herself, she was very little disposed to approve them. They were in fact very fine ladies; not deficient in good humour when they were pleased, nor in the power of making themselves agreeable when they chose it, but proud and conceited. They were rather handsome, had been educated in one of the first private seminaries in town, had a fortune of twenty thousand pounds, were in the habit of spending more than they ought, and of associating with people of rank, and were therefore in every respect entitled to think well of themselves, and meanly of others. They were of a respectable family in the north of England; a circumstance more deeply impressed on their memories than that their brother's fortune and their own had been acquired by trade.

• What does this extract reveal about the characters?• Comment on the effect of using both dialogue and narration for

characterisation.

Chapters 5-8

VOCABULARY (* indicates a word whose meaning differs from modern usage)1. supercilious2. courteous3. complacency*4. intolerable5. composure6. impertinent7. consolation8. disposition9. endeavour10. (acting by) design11. ascertain12. felicity13. rendered14. mortifying

15. impertinent16. entreaty17. pedantic18. conceited19. indignation20. discomposure21. propriety22. inducement23. complaisance24. archly25. accosted26. insipidity27. stricture28. intrepidity

29. matrimony30. effusion31. disconcerted32. sensible*33. prognostic34. benevolence35. contempt36. solicitude37. indulged38. vulgar39. censure40. condescend41. affinity42. despicable

QUESTIONS1. How are the Lucases characterised at the beginning of chapter 5?2. What is Lizzy's evaluation of Darcy's pride at this stage of the novel?3. On what points of strategy do Lizzy and Charlotte disagree at the

beginning of chapter 6?4. How does chapter 6 indicate that Darcy has had a change of heart?5. How does Miss Bingley react to this revelation? What is revealed

here about her intentions?6. What important fact do we learn about Mr Bennet's estate at the

beginning of chapter 7? How does this affect the situation of his daughters?

7. What difference in the characters of the two youngest Bennet daughters is revealed by their father's reproach in chapter 7?

8. How do the two youngest daughters differ from the two eldest?9. What is Mrs Bennet's design in preventing Jane from travelling to

Netherfield in the family's coach?10.What is Lizzy's opinion of the ladies at Netherfield. How does it

change during her visit? How does the narrator shed light on these ladies' motivations?

11. How do Darcy and Bingley differ in their appraisal of the qualities of a desirable bride?

12. What examples can you find of Austen's typical use of irony in the narrative voice, for example in the final sentence of chapter 8?

EXTRACTS FOR TEXTUAL COMMENTARY

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"But she does help him on, as much as her nature will allow. If I can perceive her regard for him, he must be a simpleton, indeed, not to discover it too.""Remember, Eliza, that he does not know Jane's disposition as you do.""But if a woman is partial to a man, and does not endeavour to conceal it, he must find it out.""Perhaps he must, if he sees enough of her. But, though Bingley and Jane meet tolerably often, it is never for many hours together; and, as they always see each other in large mixed parties, it is impossible that every moment should be employed in conversing together. Jane should therefore make the most of every half-hour in which she can command his attention. When she is secure of him, there will be more leisure for falling in love as much as she chooses.""Your plan is a good one," replied Elizabeth, "where nothing is in question but the desire of being well married, and if I were determined to get a rich husband, or any husband, I dare say I should adopt it. But these are not Jane's feelings; she is not acting by design. As yet, she cannot even be certain of the degree of her own regard nor of its reasonableness. She has known him only a fortnight. She danced four dances with him at Meryton; she saw him one morning at his own house, and has since dined with him in company four times. This is not quite enough to make her understand his character.""Not as you represent it. Had she merely dined with him, she might only have discovered whether he had a good appetite; but you must remember that four evenings have also been spent together—and four evenings may do a great deal.""Yes; these four evenings have enabled them to ascertain that they both like Vingt-un better than Commerce; but with respect to any other leading characteristic, I do not imagine that much has been unfolded.""Well," said Charlotte, "I wish Jane success with all my heart; and if she were married to him to-morrow, I should think she had as good a chance of happiness as if she were to be studying his character for a twelvemonth. Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. If the dispositions of the parties are ever so well known to each other or ever so similar beforehand, it does not advance their felicity in the least. They always continue to grow sufficiently unlike afterwards to have their share of vexation; and it is better to know as little as possible of the defects of the person with whom you are to pass your life.""You make me laugh, Charlotte; but it is not sound. You know it is not sound, and that you would never act in this way yourself."

• How does this extract engage with one of the novel's chief thematic questions?

• Comment on the effect of the foreshadowing.

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"Your list of the common extent of accomplishments," said Darcy, "has too much truth. The word is applied to many a woman who deserves it no otherwise than by netting a purse or covering a screen. But I am very far from agreeing with you in your estimation of ladies in general. I cannot boast of knowing more than half-a-dozen, in the whole range of my acquaintance, that are really accomplished.""Nor I, I am sure," said Miss Bingley."Then," observed Elizabeth, "you must comprehend a great deal in your idea of an accomplished woman.""Yes, I do comprehend a great deal in it.""Oh! certainly," cried his faithful assistant, "no one can be really esteemed accomplished who does not greatly surpass what is usually met with. A woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing, and the modern languages, to deserve the word; and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and expressions, or the word will be but half-deserved.""All this she must possess," added Darcy, "and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the improvement of her mind by extensive reading.""I am no longer surprised at your knowing only six accomplished women. I rather wonder now at your knowing any.""Are you so severe upon your own sex as to doubt the possibility of all this?""I never saw such a woman. I never saw such capacity, and taste, and application, and elegance, as you describe united."Mrs. Hurst and Miss Bingley both cried out against the injustice of her implied doubt, and were both protesting that they knew many women who answered this description, when Mr. Hurst called them to order, with bitter complaints of their inattention to what was going forward. As all conversation was thereby at an end, Elizabeth soon afterwards left the room."Elizabeth Bennet," said Miss Bingley, when the door was closed on her, "is one of those young ladies who seek to recommend themselves to the other sex by undervaluing their own; and with many men, I dare say, it succeeds. But, in my opinion, it is a paltry device, a very mean art.""Undoubtedly," replied Darcy, to whom this remark was chiefly addressed, "there is a meanness in all the arts which ladies sometimes condescend to employ for captivation. Whatever bears affinity to cunning is despicable."Miss Bingley was not so entirely satisfied with this reply as to continue the subject.

• What contrasts, between different characters, does this extract explore?• How is both the dialogue and the narrative voice used for

characterisation?

Chapters 9-12

VOCABULARY1. trespass2. profuse3. estimable4. partiality5. efficacy6. inclination7. witticism8. invalid (noun)9. perpetual10. commendations11. (in) union (with)12. raptures13. humility14. reproof

15. estimable16. panegyric17. laudable18. precipitance19. celerity20. rashness21. atoned for22. obstinacy23. adhere24. propriety25. yield26. conviction27. discretion28. appertain

29. subsist30. deference31. indignity32. expostulation33. alacrity34. reprehensible35. approbation36. lest37. tedious38. abominable39. propitious40. laconic

QUESTIONS1. The previous chapters suggested Elizabeth's intellectual abilities and

her independence of thought. What quality does chapter 9 add to this list?

2. How does Mrs Bennet manage to further embarrass herself?3. In chapter 10, we see another disagreement between Darcy and

Elizabeth. On what do they disagree, and what similarities does the discussion demonstrate between its participants?

4. How does Elizabeth reveal her attitude towards Darcy in these chapters?

5. How does Miss Bingley attempt to bolster her chances with Darcy?6. Do these chapters do anything to soften our initial impressions of

Darcy?7. Why does Elizabeth watch Bingley's treatment of Jane “with great

delight” when the latter makes her appearance downstairs.8. Why does Darcy consider it a danger to pay Elizabeth too much

attention?9. How did the Netherfield party react to news of the Bennet sisters'

departure?

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Mr. Darcy took her advice, and did finish his letter.When that business was over, he applied to Miss Bingley and Elizabeth for an indulgence of some music. Miss Bingley moved with some alacrity to the pianoforte; and, after a polite request that Elizabeth would lead the way which the other as politely and more earnestly negatived, she seated herself.Mrs. Hurst sang with her sister, and while they were thus employed, Elizabeth could not help observing, as she turned over some music-books that lay on the instrument, how frequently Mr. Darcy's eyes were fixed on her. She hardly knew how to suppose that she could be an object of admiration to so great a man; and yet that he should look at her because he disliked her, was still more strange. She could only imagine, however, at last that she drew his notice because there was something more wrong and reprehensible, according to his ideas of right, than in any other person present. The supposition did not pain her. She liked him too little to care for his approbation.After playing some Italian songs, Miss Bingley varied the charm by a lively Scotch air; and soon afterwards Mr. Darcy, drawing near Elizabeth, said to her:"Do not you feel a great inclination, Miss Bennet, to seize such an opportunity of dancing a reel?"She smiled, but made no answer. He repeated the question, with some surprise at her silence."Oh!" said she, "I heard you before, but I could not immediately determine what to say in reply. You wanted me, I know, to say 'Yes,' that you might have the pleasure of despising my taste; but I always delight in overthrowing those kind of schemes, and cheating a person of their premeditated contempt. I have, therefore, made up my mind to tell you, that I do not want to dance a reel at all — and now despise me if you dare.""Indeed I do not dare."Elizabeth, having rather expected to affront him, was amazed at his gallantry; but there was a mixture of sweetness and archness in her manner which made it difficult for her to affront anybody; and Darcy had never been so bewitched by any woman as he was by her. He really believed, that were it not for the inferiority of her connections, he should be in some danger.Miss Bingley saw, or suspected enough to be jealous; and her great anxiety for the recovery of her dear friend Jane received some assistance from her desire of getting rid of Elizabeth.

• How does this extract contribute to the novel's themes?• How does it contribute to characterisation?

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"Mr. Darcy is not to be laughed at!" cried Elizabeth. "That is an uncommon advantage, and uncommon I hope it will continue, for it would be a great loss to me to have many such acquaintances. I dearly love a laugh.""Miss Bingley," said he, "has given me more credit than can be. The wisest and the best of men — nay, the wisest and best of their actions — may be rendered ridiculous by a person whose first object in life is a joke.""Certainly," replied Elizabeth "there are such people, but I hope I am not one of them. I hope I never ridicule what is wise and good. Follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies, do divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can. But these, I suppose, are precisely what you are without.""Perhaps that is not possible for anyone. But it has been the study of my life to avoid those weaknesses which often expose a strong understanding to ridicule.""Such as vanity and pride.""Yes, vanity is a weakness indeed. But pride — where there is a real superiority of mind, pride will be always under good regulation."Elizabeth turned away to hide a smile."Your examination of Mr. Darcy is over, I presume," said Miss Bingley; "and pray what is the result?""I am perfectly convinced by it that Mr. Darcy has no defect. He owns it himself without disguise.""No," said Darcy, "I have made no such pretension. I have faults enough, but they are not, I hope, of understanding. My temper I dare not vouch for. It is, I believe, too little yielding — certainly too little for the convenience of the world. I cannot forget the follies and vices of others so soon as I ought, nor their offenses against myself. My feelings are not puffed about with every attempt to move them. My temper would perhaps be called resentful. My good opinion once lost, is lost forever.""That is a failing indeed!" cried Elizabeth. "Implacable resentment is a shade in a character. But you have chosen your fault well. I really cannot laugh at it. You are safe from me.""There is, I believe, in every disposition a tendency to some particular evil — a natural defect, which not even the best education can overcome.""And your defect is to hate everybody.""And yours," he replied with a smile, "is willfully to misunderstand them.""Do let us have a little music," cried Miss Bingley, tired of a conversation in which she had no share. "Louisa, you will not mind my waking Mr. Hurst?"

• What contrasts are revealed between the different characters?• How is dialogue used, and what is the effect of the short sections of

narration?

Chapters 13-17

VOCABULARY1. rouse2. iniquitous3. impertinent4. filial5. scruple6. subsist7. breach8. beneficience9. earnest10. demean11. (make) amends12. atonement13. pompous14. servility15. defective

16. composure17. destitute18. precipitate19. summons20. asperity21. eloquent22. solemnity23. affability24. condescension*25. constitution26. importune27. affront28. veneration29. obsequiousness30. incumbent

31. nominally32. cessation33. folly34. pretense35. entreat36. corroborate37. digression38. compliance39. malicious40. implacability41. insolent42. veracity43. rebuke44. vivacity

QUESTIONS1. What is the style of Mr Collins' writing? What impression does his

letter make? What impression does it make on Mr Bennet? And on Elizabeth?

2. In what way(s) is Mrs Bennet's reaction to the letter typical of her?3. What is our initial impression of Mr Collins? What role do we

suspect he will play in the novel?4. At which point in chapter 14 does Mr Bennet ridicule Mr Collins

openly, if somewhat subtly? How does Mr Collins react?5. How does the narrator reveal Collins' decision to replace Jane with

Elizabeth? How does Austen achieve a comical effect, and in what way does this contribute to the novel's purpose?

6. What is it about Wickham that makes such an impression?7. How do you react to Wickam's revelations about Darcy? Are there

any signs that Wickam's story should be treated with some scepticism?

8. Why does hearing Wickam's story, at the beginning of chapter 17, present Jane with a dilemma? How does she deal with it?

9. What reason does Elizabeth give for choosing to believe Wickham?

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Mr. Wickham did not play at whist, and with ready delight was he received at the other table between Elizabeth and Lydia. At first there seemed danger of Lydia's engrossing him entirely, for she was a most determined talker; but being likewise extremely fond of lottery tickets, she soon grew too much interested in the game, too eager in making bets and exclaiming after prizes to have attention for anyone in particular. Allowing for the common demands of the game, Mr. Wickham was therefore at leisure to talk to Elizabeth, and she was very willing to hear him, though what she chiefly wished to hear she could not hope to be told — the history of his acquaintance with Mr. Darcy. She dared not even mention that gentleman. Her curiosity, however, was unexpectedly relieved. Mr. Wickham began the subject himself. He inquired how far Netherfield was from Meryton; and, after receiving her answer, asked in a hesitating manner how long Mr. Darcy had been staying there."About a month," said Elizabeth; and then, unwilling to let the subject drop, added, "He is a man of very large property in Derbyshire, I understand.""Yes," replied Mr. Wickham; "his estate there is a noble one. A clear ten thousand per annum. You could not have met with a person more capable of giving you certain information on that head than myself, for I have been connected with his family in a particular manner from my infancy."Elizabeth could not but look surprised."You may well be surprised, Miss Bennet, at such an assertion, after seeing, as you probably might, the very cold manner of our meeting yesterday. Are you much acquainted with Mr. Darcy?""As much as I ever wish to be," cried Elizabeth very warmly. "I have spent four days in the same house with him, and I think him very disagreeable.""I have no right to give my opinion," said Wickham, "as to his being agreeable or otherwise. I am not qualified to form one. I have known him too long and too well to be a fair judge. It is impossible for me to be impartial. But I believe your opinion of him would in general astonish — and perhaps you would not express it quite so strongly anywhere else. Here you are in your own family.""Upon my word, I say no more here than I might say in any house in the neighbourhood, except Netherfield. He is not at all liked in Hertfordshire. Everybody is disgusted with his pride. You will not find him more favourably spoken of by anyone.""I cannot pretend to be sorry," said Wickham, after a short interruption, "that he or that any man should not be estimated beyond their deserts; but with him I believe it does not often happen. The world is blinded by his fortune and consequence, or frightened by his high and imposing manners, and sees him only as he chooses to be seen."

• How does this extract contribute to both the plot and the themes of the novel?

• How is the narrative voice used to suggest Elizabeth's rashness?

Chapters 18-23

VOCABULARY1. unsubdued2. surmise3. surmount4. partiality5. taciturn6. posterity7. hauteur8. unappeasable9. sneer10. paltry11. malice12. probity13. exultation14. discernment15. bestow16. derision17. imperturbably18. disconcerted19. conciliatory20. languor21. declaration22. solicit

23. incessant24. vivacity25. esteem26. manifold27. pretension28. coquetry29. dawdle30. bashful31. coax32. earnestness33. gaiety34. comply35. effusion36. doleful37. resignation38. peevish39. dejection40. assiduous41. abatement42. lament43. forbearance44. dwell

45. resolve46. intercourse47. insensibility48. confide49. ingenuity50. fret51. disapprobation52. despond53. diffident54. solicitation55. waive56. eligible57. expedient58. irksome59. ingenuity60. cordiality61. concurrence62. decorum63. incredulous64. restraint65. rectitude66. abhorrence

QUESTIONS1. How does Elizabeth explain Wickham's absence? How is it explained

by the other officer?2. As Elizabeth considers the possible marriage between Jane and Mr

Bingley, we find out what she considers to be necessary for a truly happy marriage. What is it?

3. Why was Elizabeth keen to stop her mother from talking so enthusiastically about Jane and Bingley's possible marriage?

4. Did Elizabeth enjoy the ball she had so eagerly anticipated? What did she enjoy, and why didn't she enjoy all of it?

5. Who does Collins focus most of his discourse on during his proposal to Elizabeth?

6. How do you explain Collins' reaction to Elizabeth's refusal? What does this episode suggest about differing opinions concerning gender roles when this novel was written?

7. How do Elizabeth's parents react to her refusal? How does this section shed further light on Mrs Bennet's character?

8. How does Wickham's explanation of his absence from the ball reveal a contradiction with his earlier stance?

9. How do Jane and Elizabeth differ in their interpretation of Miss Bingley's letter? Which do you think is right?

10.Why did Charlotte Lucas agree to marry Collins? What were the different reactions to this news?

EXTRACTS FOR TEXTUAL COMMENTARY

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"When I do myself the honour of speaking to you next on the subject, I shall hope to receive a more favourable answer than you have now given me; though I am far from accusing you of cruelty at present, because I know it to be the established custom of your sex to reject a man on the first application, and perhaps you have even now said as much to encourage my suit as would be consistent with the true delicacy of the female character.""Really, Mr. Collins," cried Elizabeth with some warmth, "you puzzle me exceedingly. If what I have hitherto said can appear to you in the form of encouragement, I know not how to express my refusal in such a way as to convince you of its being one.""You must give me leave to flatter myself, my dear cousin, that your refusal of my addresses is merely words of course. My reasons for believing it are briefly these: It does not appear to me that my hand is unworthy your acceptance, or that the establishment I can offer would be any other than highly desirable. My situation in life, my connections with the family of de Bourgh, and my relationship to your own, are circumstances highly in my favour; and you should take it into further consideration, that in spite of your manifold attractions, it is by no means certain that another offer of marriage may ever be made you. Your portion is unhappily so small that it will in all likelihood undo the effects of your loveliness and amiable qualifications. As I must therefore conclude that you are not serious in your rejection of me, I shall choose to attribute it to your wish of increasing my love by suspense, according to the usual practice of elegant females.""I do assure you, sir, that I have no pretensions whatever to that kind of elegance which consists in tormenting a respectable man. I would rather be paid the compliment of being believed sincere. I thank you again and again for the honour you have done me in your proposals, but to accept them is absolutely impossible. My feelings in every respect forbid it. Can I speak plainer? Do not consider me now as an elegant female, intending to plague you, but as a rational creature, speaking the truth from her heart.""You are uniformly charming!" cried he, with an air of awkward gallantry; "and I am persuaded that when sanctioned by the express authority of both your excellent parents, my proposals will not fail of being acceptable."To such perseverance in wilful self-deception Elizabeth would make no reply, and immediately and in silence withdrew; determined, if he persisted in considering her repeated refusals as flattering encouragement, to apply to her father, whose negative might be uttered in such a manner as to be decisive, and whose behaviour at least could not be mistaken for the affectation and coquetry of an elegant female.

• What does this extract reveal about the novel's themes?• How is dialogue used for characterisation?

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The Bennets were engaged to dine with the Lucases and again during the chief of the day was Miss Lucas so kind as to listen to Mr. Collins. Elizabeth took an opportunity of thanking her. "It keeps him in good humour," said she, "and I am more obliged to you than I can express." Charlotte assured her friend of her satisfaction in being useful, and that it amply repaid her for the little sacrifice of her time. This was very amiable, but Charlotte's kindness extended farther than Elizabeth had any conception of; its object was nothing else than to secure her from any return of Mr. Collins's addresses, by engaging them towards herself. Such was Miss Lucas's scheme; and appearances were so favourable, that when they parted at night, she would have felt almost secure of success if he had not been to leave Hertfordshire so very soon. But here she did injustice to the fire and independence of his character, for it led him to escape out of Longbourn House the next morning with admirable slyness, and hasten to Lucas Lodge to throw himself at her feet. He was anxious to avoid the notice of his cousins, from a conviction that if they saw him depart, they could not fail to conjecture his design, and he was not willing to have the attempt known till its success might be known likewise; for though feeling almost secure, and with reason, for Charlotte had been tolerably encouraging, he was comparatively diffident since the adventure of Wednesday. His reception, however, was of the most flattering kind. Miss Lucas perceived him from an upper window as he walked towards the house, and instantly set out to meet him accidentally in the lane. But little had she dared to hope that so much love and eloquence awaited her there.In as short a time as Mr. Collins's long speeches would allow, everything was settled between them to the satisfaction of both; and as they entered the house he earnestly entreated her to name the day that was to make him the happiest of men; and though such a solicitation must be waived for the present, the lady felt no inclination to trifle with his happiness. The stupidity with which he was favoured by nature must guard his courtship from any charm that could make a woman wish for its continuance; and Miss Lucas, who accepted him solely from the pure and disinterested desire of an establishment, cared not how soon that establishment were gained.

• What information, about both plot and character, is revealed in this extract?

• How are irony and free indirect discourse used for comical effect?

Chapters 24-27

VOCABULARY1. resolution2. caprice3. repine4. solicitude5. encroach6. prudent7. circumspect8. impute9. perplexity10. transient

11. jilt12. extenuating13. profession*14. alleviate15. grievance16. perverseness(*)17. thwart18. hackneyed19. acquiescence20. custody

21. ablution22. procure23. forfeit24. duplicity25. relinquish26. defection27. dejection28. avarice29.

QUESTIONS1. How does the conversation between Jane and Elizabeth in chapter

24 serve to further illustrate the two young women's characters? Which character is primarily explored?

2. Does your opinion of Mr Bennet change in any way at the end of chapter 24?

3. Might there be some level of irony and/or free indirect discourse in the narrator's assessment of Wickham, that “to his other recommendations was now added that of general unreserve”?

4. What change in Wickham's behaviour is reported in chapter 26? How do these chapters shed light on Elizabeth's feelings for him?

5. At the end of chapter 27, Elizabeth enthuses about the proposal of a trip to the Lake District, asking “What are young men to rocks and mountains?” While she was not, perhaps, being entirely serious, it is interesting to consider what this implies about the sort of man that Elizabeth would admire. Which of the male characters in the novel has a character that bears the most resemblance to a rock?

Chapters 28-32

VOCABULARY1. discernible2. prospect3. affability4. agitation5. formidable6. apprehension7. enumeration8. trepidation9. conciliating10. deportment11. furnish

12. commend13. impertinence14. strenuously15. morrow16. indebted17. negligence18. quarrelsome19. disclaim20. composure21. curtsey22. betray

23. proficient24. arch25. intimidate26. profess27. amiss28. derive29. forbearance30. intrusion31. eligible32. ensue

QUESTIONS1. What indications are we given of Lady Catherine De Bourgh's

character before we meet her, such as, for example, at the beginning of chapter 29?

2. How does the introduction of Lady Catherine further illustrate her character?

3. What does Charlotte hint to Elizabeth about Darcy's imminent arrival at the parsonage? How does Elizabeth respond?

4. What does the arrival of Darcy and his cousin reveal about Lady Catherine's motivation for inviting the Collins' so frequently?

5. How does Elizabeth behave towards Darcy at Rosings? How does he react?

6. What seems to be the reason behind Darcy's increasingly regular visits? How do the different characters account for it?

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"No governess! How was that possible? Five daughters brought up at home without a governess! I never heard of such a thing. Your mother must have been quite a slave to your education."Elizabeth could hardly help smiling as she assured her that had not been the case."Then, who taught you? who attended to you? Without a governess, you must have been neglected.""Compared with some families, I believe we were; but such of us as wished to learn never wanted the means. We were always encouraged to read, and had all the masters that were necessary. Those who chose to be idle, certainly might.""Aye, no doubt; but that is what a governess will prevent, and if I had known your mother, I should have advised her most strenuously to engage one. I always say that nothing is to be done in education without steady and regular instruction, and nobody but a governess can give it. It is wonderful how many families I have been the means of supplying in that way. I am always glad to get a young person well placed out. Four nieces of Mrs. Jenkinson are most delightfully situated through my means; and it was but the other day that I recommended another young person, who was merely accidentally mentioned to me, and the family are quite delighted with her. Mrs. Collins, did I tell you of Lady Metcalf's calling yesterday to thank me? She finds Miss Pope a treasure. 'Lady Catherine,' said she, 'you have given me a treasure.' Are any of your younger sisters out, Miss Bennet?""Yes, ma'am, all.""All! What, all five out at once? Very odd! And you only the second. The younger ones out before the elder ones are married! Your younger sisters must be very young?""Yes, my youngest is not sixteen. Perhaps she is full young to be much in company. But really, ma'am, I think it would be very hard upon younger sisters, that they should not have their share of society and amusement, because the elder may not have the means or inclination to marry early. The last-born has as good a right to the pleasures of youth at the first. And to be kept back on such a motive! I think it would not be very likely to promote sisterly affection or delicacy of mind.""Upon my word," said her ladyship, "you give your opinion very decidedly for so young a person. Pray, what is your age?""With three younger sisters grown up," replied Elizabeth, smiling, "your ladyship can hardly expect me to own it."Lady Catherine seemed quite astonished at not receiving a direct answer; and Elizabeth suspected herself to be the first creature who had ever dared to trifle with so much dignified impertinence."You cannot be more than twenty, I am sure, therefore you need not conceal your age.""I am not one-and-twenty."

• What does this extract reveal about its two principal characters?• How is dialogue used for characterisation?

Chapters 33-37

VOCABULARY1. ramble2. perverseness3. penance4. rencontre5. inured6. procure7. tractable8. prodigious9. officious10. surmise11. captivating12. exasperate13. perusal

14. roused15. caprice16. incredulity17. conciliate18. bestow19. magnitude20. scrutiny21. scruple22. repugnance23. remonstrance24. veracity25. propensity26. pecuniary

27. dissipation28. incumbent29. elopement30. inducement31. penitent32. perturbed33. profligacy34. candour35. diminution36. upbraid37. chagrin38. curtsey

QUESTIONS1. How is free indirect discourse used to create a humorous effect at the

start of chapter 33?2. Why is the timing of Elizabeth's meeting Colonel Fitzwilliam

particularly important?3. At the start of chapter 34, we are reminded of “Mr. Darcy's shameful

boast of what misery he had been able to inflict”. Is this really what Colonel Fitzwilliam had related?

4. How does Darcy react to Elizabeth's refusal? What is the role of the narrative point of view in this respect?

5. How does Darcy defend himself from Elizabeth's two principal accusations in his letter? Why does he do so?

6. How does Elizabeth react to Darcy's letter? Does this seem like a turning point in the novel?

7. Why does Lady Catherine press Elizabeth to stay longer at Hunsford? How is Elizabeth's reaction typical of her character?

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More than once did Elizabeth, in her ramble within the park, unexpectedly meet Mr. Darcy. She felt all the perverseness of the mischance that should bring him where no one else was brought, and, to prevent its ever happening again, took care to inform him at first that it was a favourite haunt of hers. How it could occur a second time, therefore, was very odd! Yet it did, and even a third. It seemed like wilful ill-nature, or a voluntary penance, for on these occasions it was not merely a few formal inquiries and an awkward pause and thenaway, but he actually thought it necessary to turn back and walk with her. He never said a great deal, nor did she give herself the trouble of talking or of listening much; but it struck her in the course of their third rencontre that he was asking some odd unconnected questions — about her pleasure in being at Hunsford, her love of solitary walks, and her opinion of Mr. and Mrs. Collins's happiness; and that in speaking of Rosings and her not perfectly understanding the house, he seemed to expect that whenever she came into Kent again she would be staying there too. His words seemed to imply it. Could he have Colonel Fitzwilliam in his thoughts? She supposed, if he meant anything, he must mean an allusion to what might arise in that quarter. It distressed her a little, and she was quite glad to find herself at the gate in the pales opposite the Parsonage.She was engaged one day as she walked, in perusing Jane's last letter, and dwelling on some passages which proved that Jane had not written in spirits, when, instead of being again surprised by Mr. Darcy, she saw on looking up that Colonel Fitzwilliam was meeting her. Putting away the letter immediately and forcing a smile, she said:"I did not know before that you ever walked this way.""I have been making the tour of the park," he replied, "as I generally do every year, and intend to close it with a call at the Parsonage. Are you going much farther?""No, I should have turned in a moment."And accordingly she did turn, and they walked towards the Parsonage together."Do you certainly leave Kent on Saturday?" said she."Yes — if Darcy does not put it off again. But I am at his disposal. He arranges the business just as he pleases.""And if not able to please himself in the arrangement, he has at least pleasure in the great power of choice. I do not know anybody who seems more to enjoy the power of doing what he likes than Mr. Darcy.""He likes to have his own way very well," replied Colonel Fitzwilliam. "But so we all do. It is only that he has better means of having it than many others, because he is rich, and many others are poor. I speak feelingly. A younger son, you know, must be inured to self-denial and dependence."

• How does this extract fit in with the development of the novel's plot and themes?

• How is free indirect discourse used for comical effect?

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"In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you."Elizabeth's astonishment was beyond expression. She stared, coloured, doubted, and was silent. This he considered sufficient encouragement; and the avowal of all that he felt, and had long felt for her, immediately followed. He spoke well; but there were feelings besides those of the heart to be detailed; and he was not more eloquent on the subject of tenderness than of pride. His sense of her inferiority — of its being a degradation — of the family obstacles which had always opposed to inclination, were dwelt on with a warmth which seemed due to the consequence he was wounding, but was very unlikely to recommend his suit.In spite of her deeply-rooted dislike, she could not be insensible to the compliment of such a man's affection, and though her intentions did not vary for an instant, she was at first sorry for the pain he was to receive; till, roused to resentment by his subsequent language, she lost all compassion in anger. She tried, however, to compose herself to answer him with patience, when he should have done. He concluded with representing to her the strength of that attachment which, in spite of all his endeavours, he had found impossible to conquer; and with expressing his hope that it would now be rewarded by her acceptance of his hand. As he said this, she could easily see that he had no doubt of a favourable answer. He spoke of apprehension and anxiety, but his countenance expressed real security. Such a circumstance could only exasperate farther, and, when he ceased, the colour rose into her cheeks, and she said:"In such cases as this, it is, I believe, the established mode to express a sense of obligation for the sentiments avowed, however unequally they may be returned. It is natural that obligation should be felt, and if I could feel gratitude, I would now thank you. But I cannot — I have never desired your good opinion, and you have certainly bestowed it most unwillingly. I am sorry to have occasioned pain to anyone. It has been most unconsciously done, however, and I hope will be of short duration. The feelings which, you tell me, have long prevented the acknowledgment of your regard, can have little difficulty in overcoming it after this explanation."Mr. Darcy, who was leaning against the mantelpiece with his eyes fixed on her face, seemed to catch her words with no less resentment than surprise. His complexion became pale with anger, and the disturbance of his mind was visible in every feature. He was struggling for the appearance of composure, and would not open his lips till he believed himself to have attained it. The pause was to Elizabeth's feelings dreadful. At length, with a voice of forced calmness, he said:"And this is all the reply which I am to have the honour of expecting! I might, perhaps, wish to be informed why, with so little endeavour at civility, I am thus rejected. But it is of small importance."

• What is the effect of this extract and its placing in the novel?• How is the proposal presented to the reader, and how does this create a

very different effect from the earlier proposal?

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How differently did everything now appear in which he was concerned! His attentions to Miss King were now the consequence of views solely and hatefully mercenary; and the mediocrity of her fortune proved no longer the moderation of his wishes, but his eagerness to grasp at anything. His behaviour to herself could now have had no tolerable motive; he had either been deceived with regard to her fortune, or had been gratifying his vanity by encouraging the preference which she believed she had most incautiously shown. Every lingering struggle in his favour grew fainter and fainter; and in farther justification of Mr. Darcy, she could not but allow that Mr. Bingley, when questioned by Jane, had long ago asserted his blamelessness in the affair; that proud and repulsive as were his manners, she had never, in the whole course of their acquaintance — an acquaintance which had latterly brought them much together, and given her a sort of intimacy with his ways — seen anything that betrayed him to be unprincipled or unjust — anything that spoke him of irreligious or immoral habits; that among his own connections he was esteemed and valued — that even Wickham had allowed him merit as a brother, and that she had often heard him speak so affectionately of his sister as to prove him capable of some amiable feeling; that had his actions been what Mr. Wickham represented them, so gross a violation of everything right could hardly have been concealed from the world; and that friendship between a person capable of it, and such an amiable man as Mr. Bingley, was incomprehensible.She grew absolutely ashamed of herself. Of neither Darcy nor Wickham could she think without feeling she had been blind, partial, prejudiced, absurd."How despicably I have acted!" she cried; "I, who have prided myself on my discernment! I, who have valued myself on my abilities! who have often disdained the generous candour of my sister, and gratified my vanity in useless or blameable mistrust! How humiliating is this discovery! Yet, how just a humiliation! Had I been in love, I could not have been more wretchedly blind! But vanity, not love, has been my folly. Pleased with the preference of one, and offended by the neglect of the other, on the very beginning of our acquaintance, I have courted prepossession and ignorance, and driven reason away, where either were concerned. Till this moment I never knew myself."From herself to Jane — from Jane to Bingley, her thoughts were in a line which soon brought to her recollection that Mr. Darcy's explanation there had appeared very insufficient, and she read it again. Widely different was the effect of a second perusal. How could she deny that credit to his assertions in one instance, which she had been obliged to give in the other? He declared himself to be totally unsuspicious of her sister's attachment; and she could not help remembering what Charlotte's opinion had always been. Neither could she deny the justice of his description of Jane. She felt that Jane's feelings, though fervent, were little displayed, and that there was a constant complacency in her air and manner not often united with great sensibility.

• What is the significance of this extract in the novel overall?• What is the effect of the use of both direct speech and free indirect

discourse?

Chapters 38-42

VOCABULARY1. indispensably2. solemnity3. irksome4. consternation5. coarseness6. harbour (verb)7. contrivance8. chaperon(e)9. undiminished10. enumerate11. depreciate12. congenial13. equivocal14. vindication15. extort

16. lament17. spur18. amiable19. tumult20. allay21. encumbrance22. fervently23. requisite24. dejection25. woe26. lamentations27. repine28. peevish29. volatility30. disdain

31. exuberant32. amendment33. censure34. volubility35. frivolous36. injunction37. conjugal38. esteem39. breach40. repining41. querulous42. serenity43. malicious44. impunity45. acquiesce

QUESTIONS1. What techniques does Austen use to highlight Collins' ridiculousness as he

bids farewell to Elizabeth?2. How does Elizabeth feel upon being reunited with Jane? In what way(s)

does she feel slightly conflicted?3. How does the meeting with the two younger sisters highlight the

differences between them and the two elder sisters?4. What does Lydia's behaviour in the carriage confirm about her character?

What difference between Kitty and Lydia is also confirmed in this section?5. What quotations from chapter 40 show Elizabeth's change of opinion

towards Darcy? In what other ways does her discussion with Jane confirm her development as a character?

6. Elizabeth takes several decisions about whether to disclose the information she learnt from Darcy's letter. What decisions did she take, and do you agree with her position in each?

7. How does Mr Bennet's reaction to Elizabeth's request, in chapter 41, contribute to our impression of his character? How has Austen used dramatic irony to influence in this respect?

8. How does Elizabeth silence Wickham's attempts to reignite their intimacy?9. At the beginning of chapter 42, Austen examines Mr and Mrs Bennets'

relationship. Why is this a particularly appropriate time to do so, in terms of the novel's plot?

10. What was the reason for the Mr Bennet marrying? Does the novel suggest this is a good reason?

11. What reason does the narrator suggest for Elizabeth's newfound disappointment in her father's behaviour?

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"I do not know when I have been more shocked," said she. "Wickham so very bad! It is almost past belief. And poor Mr. Darcy! Dear Lizzy, only consider what he must have suffered. Such a disappointment! and with the knowledge of your ill opinion, too! and having to relate such a thing of his sister! It is really too distressing. I am sure you must feel it so.""Oh! no, my regret and compassion are all done away by seeing you so full of both. I know you will do him such ample justice, that I am growing every moment more unconcerned and indifferent. Your profusion makes me saving; and if you lament over him much longer, my heart will be as light as a feather.""Poor Wickham! there is such an expression of goodness in his countenance! such an openness and gentleness in his manner!""There certainly was some great mismanagement in the education of those two young men. One has got all the goodness, and the other all the appearance of it.""I never thought Mr. Darcy so deficient in the appearance of it as you used to do.""And yet I meant to be uncommonly clever in taking so decided a dislike to him, without any reason. It is such a spur to one's genius, such an opening for wit, to have a dislike of that kind. One may be continually abusive without saying anything just; but one cannot always be laughing at a man without now and then stumbling on something witty.""Lizzy, when you first read that letter, I am sure you could not treat the matter as you do now.""Indeed, I could not. I was uncomfortable enough, I may say unhappy. And with no one to speak to about what I felt, no Jane to comfort me and say that I had not been so very weak and vain and nonsensical as I knew I had! Oh! how I wanted you!""How unfortunate that you should have used such very strong expressions in speaking of Wickham to Mr. Darcy, for now they do appear wholly undeserved.""Certainly. But the misfortune of speaking with bitterness is a most natural consequence of the prejudices I had been encouraging. There is one point on which I want your advice. I want to be told whether I ought, or ought not, to make our acquaintances in general understand Wickham's character."Miss Bennet paused a little, and then replied, "Surely there can be no occasion for exposing him so dreadfully. What is your opinion?""That it ought not to be attempted. Mr. Darcy has not authorised me to make his communication public. On the contrary, every particular relative to his sister was meant to be kept as much as possible to myself; and if I endeavour to undeceive people as to the rest of his conduct, who will believe me? The general prejudice against Mr. Darcy is so violent, that it would be the death of half the good people in Meryton to attempt to place him in an amiable light. I am not equal to it. Wickham will soon be gone; and therefore it will not signify to anyone here what he really is. Some time hence it will be all found out, and then we may laugh at their stupidity in not knowing it before. At present I will say nothing about it."

• What does this extract tell us about the protagonist's development?• What techniques are used for characterisation?

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In vain did Elizabeth attempt to make her reasonable, and Jane to make her resigned. As for Elizabeth herself, this invitation was so far from exciting in her the same feelings as in her mother and Lydia, that she considered it as the death warrant of all possibility of common sense for the latter; and detestable as such a step must make her were it known, she could not help secretly advising her father not to let her go. She represented to him all the improprieties of Lydia's general behaviour, the little advantage she could derive from the friendship of such a woman as Mrs. Forster, and the probability of her being yet more imprudent with such a companion at Brighton, where the temptations must be greater than at home. He heard her attentively, and then said:"Lydia will never be easy until she has exposed herself in some public place or other, and we can never expect her to do it with so little expense or inconvenience to her family as under the present circumstances.""If you were aware," said Elizabeth, "of the very great disadvantage to us all which must arise from the public notice of Lydia's unguarded and imprudent manner—nay, which has already arisen from it, I am sure you would judge differently in the affair.""Already arisen?" repeated Mr. Bennet. "What, has she frightened away some of your lovers? Poor little Lizzy! But do not be cast down. Such squeamish youths as cannot bear tobe connected with a little absurdity are not worth a regret. Come, let me see the list of pitiful fellows who have been kept aloof by Lydia's folly.""Indeed you are mistaken. I have no such injuries to resent. It is not of particular, but of general evils, which I am now complaining. Our importance, our respectability in the world must be affected by the wild volatility, the assurance and disdain of all restraint which mark Lydia's character. Excuse me, for I must speak plainly. If you, my dear father, will not take the trouble of checking her exuberant spirits, and of teaching her that her present pursuits are not to be the business of her life, she will soon be beyond the reach of amendment. Her character will be fixed, and she will, at sixteen, be the most determined flirt that ever made herself or her family ridiculous; a flirt, too, in the worst and meanest degree of flirtation; without any attraction beyond youth and a tolerable person; and, from the ignorance and emptiness of her mind, wholly unable to ward off any portion of that universal contempt which her rage for admiration will excite. In this danger Kitty also is comprehended. She will follow wherever Lydia leads. Vain, ignorant, idle, and absolutely uncontrolled! Oh! my dear father, can you suppose it possible that they will not be censured and despised wherever they are known, and that their sisters will not be often involved in the disgrace?"

• How does this extract develop the characters involved?• How does the author use dramatic irony to influence our impression of Mr

Bennet?

Chapters 43-45

VOCABULARY1. perturbation2. eminence3. gaudy4. intimation5. commendation6. decamp

7. fortitude8. whimsical9. vindication10. discern11. diffidence12. discharge (a debt)

13. repugnant14. petulance15. acrimony16. expedient17. brevity

QUESTIONS1. In a novel with such little symbolism, the opening section of chapter

43 stands out. Why?2. Which of the paragraphs that describes Pemberley makes extensive

use of litotes? What effect does it have?3. How does Elizabeth feel as she familiarises herself with Pemberley?4. How does Mr Gardiner account for the housekeeper's opinion of Mr

Darcy? How do you account for it? How does Elizabeth?5. How does Elizabeth evaluate Darcy's change of manners – does she

consider that he has developed as a character? 6. What do Elizabeth's reflections after first meeting Darcy seem to

suggest about her feelings?7. How do the Gardiners account for Darcy's behaviour? What event

changes their opinion?8. These chapters dwell in some detail on Elizabeth's developing

feelings for Darcy. How is this relevant to the novel's themes?9. After Darcy's proposal, and his letter to Elizabeth, there was a feeling

that these events might represent a turning point in the novel. To what extent do these chapters suggest this was indeed the case?

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Elizabeth, as they drove along, watched for the first appearance of Pemberley Woods with some perturbation; and when at length they turned in at the lodge, her spirits were in a high flutter.The park was very large, and contained great variety of ground. They entered it in one of its lowest points, and drove for some time through a beautiful wood stretching over a wide extent.Elizabeth's mind was too full for conversation, but she saw and admired every remarkable spot and point of view. They gradually ascended for half-a-mile, and then found themselves at the top of a considerable eminence, where the wood ceased, and the eye was instantly caught by Pemberley House, situated on the opposite side of a valley, into which the road with some abruptness wound. It was a large, handsome stone building, standing well on rising ground, and backed by a ridge of high woody hills; and in front, a stream of some natural importance was swelled into greater, but without any artificial appearance. Its banks were neither formal nor falsely adorned. Elizabeth was delighted. She had never seen a place for which nature had done more, or where natural beauty had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste. They were all of them warm in their admiration; and at that moment she felt that to be mistress of Pemberley might be something!They descended the hill, crossed the bridge, and drove to the door; and, while examining the nearer aspect of the house, all her apprehension of meeting its owner returned. She dreaded lest the chambermaid had been mistaken. On applying to see the place, they were admitted into the hall; and Elizabeth, as they waited for the housekeeper, had leisure to wonder at her being where she was.The housekeeper came; a respectable-looking elderly woman, much less fine, and more civil, than she had any notion of finding her. They followed her into the dining-parlour. It was a large, well proportioned room, handsomely fitted up. Elizabeth, after slightly surveying it, went to a window to enjoy its prospect. The hill, crowned with wood, which they had descended, receiving increased abruptness from the distance, was a beautiful object. Every disposition of the ground was good; and she looked on the whole scene, the river, the trees scattered on its banks and the winding of the valley, as far as she could traceit, with delight. As they passed into other rooms these objects were taking different positions; but from every window there were beauties to be seen. The rooms were lofty and handsome, and their furniture suitable to the fortune of its proprietor; but Elizabeth saw, with admiration of his taste, that it was neither gaudy nor uselessly fine; with less of splendour, and more real elegance, than the furniture of Rosings.

• What is the significance of Pemberley?• How are free indirect discourse and litotes used for characterisation?

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As for Elizabeth, her thoughts were at Pemberley this evening more than the last; and the evening, though as it passed it seemed long, was not long enough to determine her feelings towards one in that mansion; and she lay awake two whole hours endeavouring to make them out. She certainly did not hate him. No; hatred had vanished long ago, and she had almost as long been ashamed of ever feeling a dislike against him, that could be so called. The respect created by the conviction of his valuable qualities, though at first unwillingly admitted, had for some time ceased to be repugnant to her feeling; and it was now heightened into somewhat of a friendlier nature, by the testimony so highly in his favour, and bringing forward his disposition in so amiable a light, which yesterday had produced. But above all, above respect and esteem, there was a motive within her of goodwill which could not be overlooked. It was gratitude; gratitude, not merely for having once loved her, but for loving her still well enough to forgive all the petulance and acrimony of her manner in rejecting him, and all the unjust accusations accompanying her rejection. He who, she had been persuaded, would avoid her as his greatest enemy, seemed, on this accidental meeting, most eager to preserve the acquaintance, and without any indelicate display of regard, or any peculiarity of manner, where their two selves only were concerned, was soliciting the good opinion of her friends, and bent on making her known to his sister. Such a change in a man of so much pride exciting not only astonishment but gratitude — for to love, ardent love, it must be attributed; and as such its impression on her was of a sort to be encouraged, as by no means unpleasing, though it could not be exactly defined. She respected, she esteemed, she was grateful to him, she felt a real interest in his welfare; and she only wanted to know how far she wished that welfare to depend upon herself, and how far it would be for the happiness of both that she should employ the power, which her fancy told her she still possessed, of bringing on her the renewal of his addresses. It had been settled in the evening between the aunt and the niece, that such a striking civility as Miss Darcy's in coming to see them on the very day of her arrival at Pemberley, for she had reached it only to a late breakfast, ought to be imitated, though it could not be equalled, by some exertion of politeness on their side; and, consequently, that it would be highly expedient to wait on her at Pemberley the following morning. They were, therefore, to go. Elizabeth was pleased; though when she asked herself the reason, she had very little to say in reply.

• How does this extract contribute to the novel's themes?• How does the narrator reveal Elizabeth's developing feelings?

Chapters 46-49

VOCABULARY1. repining2. agitation3. commiseration4. consolatory5. palliation6. expeditiously7. apprehension8. indolence9. frivolous10. susceptibility11. captivate

12. insinuate13. forbearance14. self-reproach15. sanguine16. lamentation17. invective18. contrive19. solicitude20. malice21. brittle22. negligent

23. dilatory24. exertion25. procure26. deference27. alleviate28. licentiousness29. heinous30. perplexity31. infamy32. diligence33. requite

QUESTIONS1. What accounts for the difference in tone between Jane's two letters

to Lambton?2. Why do Darcy and Elizabeth talk of Lydia being “lost” and

wondering whether she can be “recovered”? What does this reveal about the novel's context?

3. What is your opinion of Darcy's reaction to Elizabeth's devastating news?

4. How does Mrs Bennet react to the catastrophe?5. How do the Bennet daughters' reactions differ? Why does Elizabeth

react so strongly? Has this episode helped her determine the nature of her feelings for Darcy?

6. What further light does Lydia's letter shed on proceedings?7. What is the role of Mr Collins' letter – why is it quoted, word for

word, in the novel?8. Does Mr Bennet seem much changed by his realisation of

culpability?9. How do Elizabeth, Jane and Mr and Mrs Bennet react to the news in

Mr Gardiner's letter bearing good news?

EXTRACTS FOR TEXTUAL COMMENTARY

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As he quitted the room, Elizabeth felt how improbable it was that they should ever see each other again on such terms of cordiality as had marked their several meetings in Derbyshire; and as she threw a retrospective glance over the whole of their acquaintance, so full of contradictions and varieties, sighed at the perverseness of those feelings which would now have promoted its continuance, and would formerly have rejoiced in its termination.If gratitude and esteem are good foundations of affection, Elizabeth's change of sentiment will be neither improbable nor faulty. But if otherwise — if regard springing from such sources is unreasonable or unnatural, in comparison of what is so often described as arising on a first interview with its object, and even before two words have been exchanged, nothing can be said in her defence, except that she had given somewhat of a trial to the latter method in her partiality for Wickham, and that its ill success might, perhaps, authorise her to seek the other less interesting mode of attachment. Be that as it may, she saw him go with regret; and in this early example of what Lydia's infamy must produce, found additional anguish as she reflected on that wretched business. Never, since reading Jane's second letter, had she entertained a hope of Wickham's meaning to marry her. No one but Jane, she thought, could flatter herself with such an expectation. Surprise was the least of her feelings on this development. While the contents of the first letter remained in her mind, she was all surprise — all astonishment that Wickham should marry a girl whom it was impossible he could marry for money; and how Lydia could ever have attached him had appeared incomprehensible. But now it was all too natural. For such an attachment as this she might have sufficient charms; and though she did not suppose Lydia to be deliberately engaging in an elopement without the intention of marriage, she had no difficulty in believing that neither her virtue nor her understanding would preserve her from falling an easy prey.She had never perceived, while the regiment was in Hertfordshire, that Lydia had any partiality for him; but she was convinced that Lydia wanted only encouragement to attach herself to anybody. Sometimes one officer, sometimes another, had been her favourite, as their attentions raised them in her opinion. Her affections had continually been fluctuating but never without an object. The mischief of neglect and mistaken indulgence towards such a girl —oh! how acutely did she now feel it!

• How does this extract contribute to the novel's themes?• What is the effect of the free indirect discourse?

Chapters 50-53

VOCABULARY1. approbation2. indolence3. nuptials4. deficient5. connubial6. culprit7. impenetrable8. austerity9. unabashed10. impudence11. insensible

12. cogent13. confidante14. application*15. resolution16. imputed17. expedite18. supplication19. inducement20. steadfastly21. subsist22. repine

23. palatable24. simper25. smirk26. forlorn27. waver28. perpetually29. lustre30. sedate31. irremediable32. officious

QUESTIONS1. What is the effect of including the passage about Mr Bennet's regret

concerning his lack of savings at this stage of the novel?2. Are we given an answer, in this section, to the question of whether

Elizabeth now loves Darcy?3. How does Lydia's behaviour, on her visit to Longbourn, differ from

her two eldest sisters' expectations? How is this difference captured in the contrast in style between the paragraph that announces their arrival, and the following paragraph?

4. What is Elizabeth's evaluation of Lydia's behaviour? How does this contrast with other stances taken by the novel?

5. Whose idea had Lydia and Wickham's elopement been? Where is this revealed?

6. In what tone does Mrs Gardiner start (and, to an even greater extent, end) her letter? What does this reveal about her understanding of the situation, and how does it augment ours?

7. Why does Elizabeth feel ambivalent after reading the letter?8. What is Elizabeth's intent upon finding herself confronted with

Wickham (after reading the letter )?9. To what effect does Austen employ dramatic irony in chapter 53?10.At the end of this section, what impression are we left with of Darcy's

intentions?

EXTRACTS FOR TEXTUAL COMMENTARY

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The good news spread quickly through the house, and with proportionate speed through the neighbourhood. It was borne in the latter with decent philosophy. To be sure, it would have been more for the advantage of conversation had Miss Lydia Bennet come upon the town; or, as the happiest alternative, been secluded from the world, in some distant farmhouse. But there was much to be talked of in marrying her; and the good-natured wishes for her well-doing which had proceeded before from all the spiteful old ladies in Meryton lost but a little of their spirit in this change of circumstances, because with such an husband her misery was considered certain.It was a fortnight since Mrs. Bennet had been downstairs; but on this happy day she again took her seat at the head of her table, and in spirits oppressively high. No sentiment of shame gave a damp to her triumph. The marriage of a daughter, which had been the first object of her wishes since Jane was sixteen, was now on the point of accomplishment, and her thoughts and her words ran wholly on those attendants of elegant nuptials, fine muslins, new carriages, and servants. She was busily searching through the neighbourhood for a proper situation for her daughter, and, without knowing or considering what their income might be, rejected many as deficient in size and importance."Haye Park might do," said she, "if the Gouldings could quit it — or the great house at Stoke, if the drawing-room were larger; but Ashworth is too far off! I could not bear to have her ten miles from me; and as for Pulvis Lodge, the attics are dreadful."Her husband allowed her to talk on without interruption while the servants remained. But when they had withdrawn, he said to her: "Mrs. Bennet, before you take any or all of these houses for your son and daughter, let us come to a right understanding. Into one house in this neighbourhood they shall never have admittance. I will not encourage the impudence of either, by receiving them at Longbourn."A long dispute followed this declaration; but Mr. Bennet was firm. It soon led to another; and Mrs. Bennet found, with amazement and horror, that her husband would not advance a guinea to buy clothes for his daughter. He protested that she should receive from him no mark of affection whatever on the occasion. Mrs. Bennet could hardly comprehend it. That his anger could be carried to such a point of inconceivable resentment as to refuse his daughter a privilege without which her marriage would scarcely seem valid, exceeded all she could believe possible. She was more alive to the disgrace which her want of new clothes must reflect on her daughter's nuptials, than to any sense of shame at her eloping and living with Wickham a fortnight before they took place.Elizabeth was now most heartily sorry that she had, from the distress of the moment, been led to make Mr. Darcy acquainted with their fears for her sister; for since her marriage would so shortly give the proper termination to the elopement, they might hope to conceal its unfavourable beginning from all those who were not immediately on the spot.

• What does this extract reveal about Mr and Mrs Bennet, as well as the neighbourhood at large?

• How is free indirect discourse used for comic effect?

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"I believe I have now told you every thing. It is a relation which you tell me is to give you great surprise; I hope at least it will not afford you any displeasure. Lydia came to us; and Wickham had constant admission to the house. He was exactly what he had been, when I knew him in Hertfordshire; but I would not tell you how little I was satisfied with her behaviour while she staid with us, if I had not perceived, by Jane's letter last Wednesday, that her conduct on coming home was exactly of a piece with it, and therefore what I now tell you can give you no fresh pain. I talked to her repeatedly in the most serious manner, representing to her all the wickedness of what she had done, and all the unhappiness she hadbrought on her family. If she heard me, it was by good luck, for I am sure she did not listen. I was sometimes quite provoked, but then I recollected my dear Elizabeth and Jane, and for their sakes had patience with her."Mr. Darcy was punctual in his return, and as Lydia informed you, attended the wedding. He dined with us the next day, and was to leave town again on Wednesday or Thursday. Will you be very angry with me, my dear Lizzy, if I take this opportunity of saying (what I was never bold enough to say before) how much I like him. His behaviour to us has, in every respect, been as pleasing as when we were in Derbyshire. His understanding and opinions all please me; he wants nothing but a little more liveliness, and that, if he marry prudently, his wife may teach him. I thought him very sly;—he hardly ever mentioned your name. But slyness seems the fashion."Pray forgive me if I have been very presuming, or at least do not punish me so far as to exclude me from P. I shall never be quite happy till I have been all round the park. A low phaeton, with a nice little pair of ponies, would be the very thing."But I must write no more. The children have been wanting me this half hour.

• What impression does this extract give us of the different characters' intentions?

• How is the tone of this letter's conclusion important in this respect?

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The contents of this letter threw Elizabeth into a flutter of spirits, in which it was difficult to determine whether pleasure or pain bore the greatest share. The vague and unsettled suspicions which uncertainty had produced of what Mr. Darcy might have been doing to forward her sister's match, which she had feared to encourage as an exertion of goodness too great to be probable, and at the same time dreaded to be just, from the pain of obligation, were proved beyond their greatest extent to be true! He had followed them purposely to town, he had taken on himself all the trouble and mortification attendant on such a research; in which supplication had been necessary to a woman whom he must abominate and despise, and where he was reduced to meet, frequently meet, reason with, persuade, and finally bribe, the man whom he always most wished to avoid, and whose very name it was punishment to him to pronounce. He had done all this for a girl whom he could neither regard nor esteem. Her heart did whisper that he had done it for her. But it was a hope shortly checked by other considerations, and she soon felt that even her vanity was insufficient, when required to depend on his affection for her — for a woman who had already refused him — as able to overcome a sentiment so natural as abhorrence against relationship with Wickham. Brother-in-law of Wickham! Every kind of pride must revolt from the connection. He had, to be sure, done much. She was ashamed to think how much. But he had given a reason for his interference, which asked no extraordinary stretch of belief. It was reasonable that he should feel he had been wrong; he had liberality, and he had the means of exercising it; and though she would not place herself as his principal inducement, she could, perhaps, believe that remaining partiality for her might assist his endeavours in a cause where her peace of mind must be materially concerned. It was painful, exceedingly painful, to know that they were under obligations to a person who could never receive a return. They owed the restoration of Lydia, her character, every thing, to him. Oh! how heartily did she grieve over every ungracious sensation she had ever encouraged, every saucy speech she had ever directed towards him. For herself she was humbled; but she was proud of him. Proud that in a cause of compassion and honour, he had been able to get the better of himself. She read over her aunt's commendation of him again and again. It was hardly enough; but it pleased her. She was even sensible of some pleasure, though mixed with regret, on finding how steadfastly both she and her uncle had been persuaded that affection and confidence subsisted between Mr. Darcy and herself.She was roused from her seat, and her reflections, by some one's approach; and before she could strike into another path, she was overtaken by Wickham."I am afraid I interrupt your solitary ramble, my dear sister?" said he, as he joined her.

• How does this extract contribute to our understanding of the protagonist?• What is the effect of the free indirect discourse?

Chapters 54-57

VOCABULARY1. forbore2. sanction3. salutation4. abhorrent5. rapacity6. prodigiously7. premeditation8. professed9. officiousness10. concurrence11. ingenious12. solicitude

13. circumspection14. contrivance15. dupe16. panegyric17. resolutely18. disdain19. allurement20. infatuation21. induce22. tacit23. dissuade24. deliberation

25. recede26. frivolous27. incensed28. incessantly29. enumerate30. unblemished31. appease32. precipitate33. strenuously34. affronted35. penetration(*)

QUESTIONS1. How does Jane claim to feel about Bingley, and what is Elizabeth's

evaluation of this?2. Why is Mrs Bennet keen to leave Bingley and Jane alone at the

beginning of chapter 55, and why does Jane resist? What part does Elizabeth play?

3. How does Jane react after receiving Bingley's proposal?4. On Lady Catherine's entrance, what reason do we have for her

arrival?5. How does Elizabeth react to Lady Catherine's visit? How does her

manner change when the purpose of the noble lady's visit becomes apparent?

6. Why does Lady Catherine so completely misconstrue Elizabeth's character and motives?

7. How does Elizabeth deal with Lady Catherine's repeated requests, and how does this contribute to your evaluation of her character?

8. Lady Catherine accuses Elizabeth of not being “reasonable”. How does her understanding of this term differ from Elizabeth's?

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He then shut the door, and, coming up to her, claimed the good wishes and affection of a sister. Elizabeth honestly and heartily expressed her delight in the prospect of their relationship. They shook hands with great cordiality; and then, till her sister came down, she had to listen to all he had to say of his own happiness, and of Jane's perfections; and in spite of his being a lover, Elizabeth really believed all his expectations of felicity to be rationally founded, because they had for basis the excellent understanding, and super-excellent disposition of Jane, and a general similarity of feeling and taste between her and himself.It was an evening of no common delight to them all; the satisfaction of Miss Bennet's mind gave a glow of such sweet animation to her face, as made her look handsomer than ever. Kitty simpered and smiled, and hoped her turn was coming soon. Mrs. Bennet could not give her consent or speak her approbation in terms warm enough to satisfy her feelings, though she talked to Bingley of nothing else for half an hour; and when Mr. Bennet joined them at supper, his voice and manner plainly showed how really happy he was.Not a word, however, passed his lips in allusion to it, till their visitor took his leave for the night; but as soon as he was gone, he turned to his daughter, and said:"Jane, I congratulate you. You will be a very happy woman."Jane went to him instantly, kissed him, and thanked him for his goodness."You are a good girl;" he replied, "and I have great pleasure in thinking you will be so happily settled. I have not a doubt of your doing very well together. Your tempers are by no means unlike. You are each of you so complying, that nothing will ever be resolved on; so easy, that every servant will cheat you; and so generous, that you will always exceed your income.""I hope not so. Imprudence or thoughtlessness in money matters would be unpardonable in me.""Exceed their income! My dear Mr. Bennet," cried his wife, "what are you talking of? Why, he has four or five thousand a year, and very likely more." Then addressing her daughter, "Oh! my dear, dear Jane, I am so happy! I am sure I shan't get a wink of sleep all night. I knew how it would be. I always said it must be so, at last. I was sure you could not be so beautiful for nothing! I remember, as soon as ever I saw him, when he first came into Hertfordshire last year, I thought how likely it was that you should come together. Oh! he is the handsomest young man that ever was seen!"Wickham, Lydia, were all forgotten. Jane was beyond competition her favourite child. At that moment, she cared for no other. Her younger sisters soon began to make interest with her for objects of happiness which she might in future be able to dispense.

• What does this extract tell us about the different characters' values?• How is dialogue used for characterisation?

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"Because honour, decorum, prudence, nay, interest, forbid it. Yes, Miss Bennet, interest; for do not expect to be noticed by his family or friends, if you wilfully act against the inclinations of all. You will be censured, slighted, and despised, by everyone connected with him. Your alliance will be a disgrace; your name will never even be mentioned by any of us.""These are heavy misfortunes," replied Elizabeth. "But the wife of Mr. Darcy must have such extraordinary sources of happiness necessarily attached to her situation, that she could, upon the whole, have no cause to repine.""Obstinate, headstrong girl! I am ashamed of you! Is this your gratitude for my attentions to you last spring? Is nothing due to me on that score? Let us sit down. You are to understand, Miss Bennet, that I came here with the determined resolution of carrying my purpose; nor will I be dissuaded from it. I have not been used to submit to any person's whims. I have not been in the habit of brooking disappointment.""That will make your ladyship's situation at present more pitiable; but it will have no effect on me.""I will not be interrupted. Hear me in silence. My daughter and my nephew are formed for each other. They are descended, on the maternal side, from the same noble line; and, on the father's, from respectable, honourable, and ancient — though untitled — families. Their fortune on both sides is splendid. They are destined for each other by the voice of every member of their respective houses; and what is to divide them? The upstart pretensions of a young woman without family, connections, or fortune. Is this to be endured! But it must not, shall not be. If you were sensible of your own good, you would not wish to quit the sphere in which you have been brought up.""In marrying your nephew, I should not consider myself as quitting that sphere. He is a gentleman; I am a gentleman's daughter; so far we are equal.""True. You are a gentleman's daughter. But who was your mother? Who are your uncles and aunts? Do not imagine me ignorant of their condition.""Whatever my connections may be," said Elizabeth, "if your nephew does not object to them, they can be nothing to you.""Tell me once for all, are you engaged to him?"Though Elizabeth would not, for the mere purpose of obliging Lady Catherine, have answered this question, she could not but say, after a moment's deliberation:"I am not."Lady Catherine seemed pleased."And will you promise me, never to enter into such an engagement?""I will make no promise of the kind.""Miss Bennet I am shocked and astonished. I expected to find a more reasonable young woman. But do not deceive yourself into a belief that I will ever recede. I shall not go away till you have given me the assurance I require."

• In what ways does this extract act as social criticism?• How is dialogue used for characterisation?

Chapters 58-61

VOCABULARY1. denote2. irrevocably3. amiable4. unabated

5. mirth6. vehemence7. solemn8. assiduously

9. obsequious10. heedless11. arrear

QUESTIONS1. How does chapter 58 add to the humour of Lady Catherine's visit to

Longbourn?2. In what respects does Darcy's affirmation of his love in chapter 58

differ from his earlier attempt? Is it similar in any way?3. On discovering that Darcy's feelings have not changed, what is the

final problem that Elizabeth must negotiate?4. What aspect of the narrative voice stands out as extremely unusual

in the final chapter? How does it affect your understanding of the novel?