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Breast cancer: Windows of Susceptibility. NIH grant 1U01ES019480
PINK RIBBON GIRLS
Phytochemicals.........................1Ginseng......................................2
Coffee Talks..................................5
Crossword puzzles.........................6Nutrition density chart..................12Nutrient density - kale vs cola....13Yoga Pose......................................17Memory locket pattern..................18
TO PREVENT the occurrence of BCa through RESEARCH and EDUCATION
TO ENCOURAGE and SUPPORT BCa survivors, friends and families.
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October 2013 Issue 35Breast Cancer
MYTHs,FACTs,CHOICEsand
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PhytochemicalsEtymology: From phyto- + chemical. Phyto comes from the Greek word meaning plant, and chemical from the word al , relating to things pertaining to the materials and processes.
The use of food stuffs as medicine is as old as the "hills" so to speak, as a part of conditioned aversions and self medication practiced by animals begining with the early branches of the mammalian tree as an adaptive and survival mechanism.
The health benefits and effects of food which are beneficial may not be immediately recognized like rot or
spoil are, but recorded as early as 11 bc phytochemicals such as ginseng were recorded as having bioactive powers. A recognition of those phytochemicals which function pharmacologically with delayed effects on health are probably not as quickly perceived as those which caused conditioned aversions or other plants with immediate reinforcement like willow bark as an analgesic.
A preface to any discussion on food science needs to contain two disclaimers "
" though currently there are over 26,000 recorded, and counting and "
" in food science At best, food phytochemistry (the discipline) is just budding.
Most data on nutrient and medicinal value of each phytochemicals are anectodal. Phytochemicals have rarely been exhaustively studied, but some have more than others. To complicate matters, plants are subject to huge variation in phytochemical content partly because of differences in each species and strain, and also for differences caused by the region in which the plant is grown, such as sunlight, soil type, stream water or well water, mineral content of both water and soil, drought, temperature, soil bacterial count and type, and fertilizers and natural and chemical agents etc) determine the phytochemical content and levels in plants.
Take into consideration the research effort being put into just ONE phytochemical, ginseng (see free article below) and this is still just ONE dataset. How long we must wait till all phytochemicals are known and health benefits studied?
Lee Jia and Yuqing Zhao, Current Evaluation of the Millennium Phytomedicine- Ginseng (I): Etymology, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Market and Regulations, Curr Med Chem. 2009; 16(19): 2475–2484.
phutonchemic
not all food phytochemicals are known
not all research tools to study the chemistry, biology and pharmacology have been implemented
RESEARCH PARTNERS
QUESTION: What about ginseng? Is it all its cracked up
to be?
ANSWER:
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According to the article mentioned on page 1, there are many different species of ginseng grown mostly in asia (typically red gensing) but in the upper north american areas and cooler areas of the midwest (more apt to be white gensing). That includes variation in plant species, soil conditions, climate, and of course times of harvesting and treatment, shipping and storage. With that preface, it seems that this particular phytochemical, used pharmacologically since before the common era (a.d.) The active phytochemicals (known to date) are called ginsenosides are triterpenes saponins. (Pictures of terpenes are found in the crossword puzzles in this newsletter. While a few studies show gensing to be beneficial to health, others do not. This descrepancy speaks to the current problems in finding a "bench mark" way of testing phtochemicals for biological activities and determining which effects on which to focus attention.
As with any drug, nutrient and phytochemical supplements work similarly. Always remember,
.
In the supplement industry it is buyer beware. There are manufacturers who name products to be ginseng (e.g. such as Indian ginseng, Peruvian ginseng, poor-man's ginseng etc), which are not the same genus as real ginseng (Panax). Wikipedia does a great job of listing the side effects of taking too much gensing and quick to list what it cannot do, however, some middle of the road approach to this particular ancient herbal remedy is probably best taking into account the long history of its use and the possibility for health benefits. It won't be long until real reliable data are available.
Available ginseng is available powedered, pressed, chewable, tinctured, ground, grated, sliced, chipped, carbonated, in capsules, as
the dose determines the benefit/risk
SOLUTION:
tablets, extracted, as gels, teas and creams. The doses vary wildly. Some FDA regulation includes wording that any product with the generic term "ginseng" must contain elements from the genus Panax.
About 100 potentially bioactive ginsenosides are present in ginseng added to this there are four additional classes of compounds (at a minimum):
There are saponin glycosides (Fig. 1, oleanolic acid) and this group purportedly has antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects.
There are ginseng polysaccharides as well (Fig. 2 (Yoo et al, published data in PLOS ONE that have antiviral potential and also can stimulate white cells to increase or decrease (depending upon circumstance) inflammatory responses).
There are polyyens present as well, which are explained by Yoo et al as compounds with alternating single and double bonds (Fig. 3, e.g. linolenic acid).
And Flavinoids, phenolic acids more in the leaves and tannins, moreso in the roots (Ludwiczuk et al. Herba Polonica, 2006) (Fig. 4, e.g. quercetin).
Volatile oils are also a component and several have been identified (Fig. 5, e.g. hexadecanoic acid).
(ed note: Growing up in the early 50s physical science and math were pretty much black text on white paper. Biological sciences were more apt to be 3D and tangible thus for this individual personally, the biological sciences were more attractive prospects for study. However, had I had the resources available today, e.g. Chemspider and PhMol where every compound and protein in the world's database can be made into actual 3D rotating spectacular objects my choice of a creer might have been much different. Not before using such shareware was I really in love with biochemistry. I encourage you to look into these two programs and have fun.
Fig. 1, e.g. oleanolic acid
Fig. 2, e.g. ginsenosides
Fig. 3, e.g. linolenic acid
Fig. 5, e.g. hexadecanoic acid
Fig. 4, e.g. quercetin
One critical issue is that ginseng may (does) interact with many other over-the-counter and perscription drugs. Always seek the advise of a pharmacist before adding bioacive agents as high dose supplements to a diet that already contains many drugs.
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RESEARCH PARTNERS
FacebookWindows of Susceptibility
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We all fall into our habits, our routines, our ruts. They're used quite often, consciously or unconsciously, to avoid living, to avoid doing the messy part of having relationships with other people, of dealing with a person next to us. That's why we can all be in a room on our cell phones and not have to deal with one another.Andrew Stanton
“Right, my phone. When these things first appeared, they were so cool. Only when it was too late did people realize they are as cool as electronic tags on remand prisoners.”David Mitchell
As long as you have a Cell Phone you're never aloneStanley Victor Paskavich
(ed note) with all due respect to Mr Stanley Paskavich, "I think if U think you are NOT alone while on UR cell phone then U R are truly deceived.
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Book Bums 8992 Cincinnati Dayton RoadWestchester, OH, 45069Saturday Sep 29, 2013 10:00 AM - 12 PM
Nancy gave instruction on how to check in with the body with movement and position. She also demonstrated and discussed various breathing techniques with centerting breathing and Piko-Piko. Also, Introduced visualization techniques by using Color and your Tiki Garden. To end the presentation the group practiced stillness.
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Wikipedia has a provided considerable information about phytochemicals commonly found food that have definite but still vastly undstudied and underutilized pharmacological effects. Even a month ago there were at least 26,000 chemicals in food that have the potential to affect our health for better or for worse. Listed here are just a couple of the major categories of phytochemicals.
CROSSWORD PUZZLESfor learning aboutphytochemicals
in food
BreastCancerRisk
Windows ofSusceptibility
UNIVERSITY OF
CincinnatiDept of Env Hlth
1. A group of phytochemicals comprising monophenols and polyphenols where most of the names end with the suffix ol as in phenol and while there is ample evidence to indicate the health benefits of diets rich in fruits vegetables legumes whole grains and nuts no specific food has been acknowledged by scientists and government regulatory authorities as providing a health benefit,2. This group includes isoprenoids which includes carotenoids and xanthophylls including the well known
lutein lycopene beta-carotene and alpha-carotene and others which are known to help with a healthy body and good vision,3. Aromatic _______ with a phenolic component as found in the following pyhtochemicals - cichoric acid, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, diferulic acids, coumaric acid, coumarin, ferulic acid, sinapinic acid4. Arenes or compounds with 6 carbons together as conjugated planar ring systems with electron clouds instead of discrete alternating single and double bonds are called ________ and they comprise many of the important food nutrients for good health,.
1. Betacyanins and betaxanthines are the technical name for this groun and you can guess from the vegetable name beets and also chard that this is where these phytochemicals are the most plentiful,2. ________ are an important group of phytochemicals found in broccoli cabbage kale brussels sprouts rutabaga mustard greens made up of one 6 and one 5 carbon ring
Across
Down
CLUES
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ANSWERS
Examples of these coupounds are shown as pictures.
ACIDS
BETA-CAROTENE
INDOLES
ALLICIN
CAFFEIC ACID
BETANIN
BETALAINS
PHENOLICS
GINGEROL
AROMATICS
PHYTIC ACID
TERPENES
Amazing, totaly amazing and almost unbelievable. Did you know that a pronounciation of many of those long, weirdly-spelled anti-cancer chemical names (the phytochemicals we are supposed to be eating to help our bodies fight off the constant onslaugt of oxidative stress) can actually be found online. Going through the list of anti-cancer phytochemicals (the list is long to date and will of course become very much longer with more research) one in particular popped out as one whose pronounciation would probably stopp most individuals from going forward.
Try it out. Google glycyrrhizin and a YouTUBE video comes up or you can click HERE. Ha Ha, how amazing is that. WHO NAMES THESE ANYWAY!!! 7
Wikipedia has a provided considerable information about phytochemicals commonly found in Chinese medicines and as puported pharmacological benefits. This puzzle is a difficult, but interesting look at many of those chemicals.
CROSSWORD PUZZLESfor learning aboutphytochemicals
in food
BreastCancerRisk
Windows ofSusceptibility
UNIVERSITY OF
CincinnatiDept of Env Hlth
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1. The main sweet-tasting compound from liquorice root 30–50 times as sweet as sucrose but important in treating chronic viral hepatitis and like glabridin is a phytoextrogen,2. Naturally occurring flavinol found in grapes berries peas nuts onions and some teas and may lower risk for prostate and pncreatic cancer and help with heart disease,3. This flavonoid is found in parsley artichoke basil celery and other plants and binds well to the estrogen receptor blocking cell proliferation,4. From the barberry plant genus name Berber comes this chemical which appears to reduce growth of several types of tumors including breast cancer cells,5. Common pigment in red fruits and vegetables and is the colorant in its namesake carrots and in pumpkins and yams and is a precursor to vitamin A,6. A acid as a component of all plants since it is part of lignan but named from the stimulant alkyolid in coffee which is an antioxidant and has immunomodulatory and anticancer properties,7. This compound also called indian basil oil is a para-allylphenol occurs in some of the betel leaf oils and possesses strongly antiseptic and antifungal properties and the methy chavicol form may be psychidelic,8. A natural carotenoid pigment found in flowers egg yolks orange rind papaya apples and others which sounds like something superman would be harmed by,9. Naturally occurring anthraquinone and is a purgative and has a similarly - substitute the I for an e named commercial product as it is found in rhubarb other plants roots used in Chinese medicine with potential benefit for those with diabetes and inhibitory effects on angiogenic and metastasis regulatory processes make emodin a sensible candidate as a specific blocker of tumor-associated events,10. Currently being investigated as a tea which might increase the effectiveness of some antibiotics against some Staph aureus bacteria resistent to many antibiotics,11. The major polyphenol catechin in green tea but not black tea and various studies in laboratory animals suggest it is antiinflammatory good for diabetes and the prostate and leukemia but more work is needed,12. This compound is extracted from bay leaf and clove and nutmeg and cinnamon and is used as an antiscptic and anesthetic,13. A steroid found in the guggul plant was thought to reduce cholesterol but is still found in many supplements,14. Name is a combination of dark purple indigo and rubin and it is present in Chinese medicinals and studied as an inhibitor of mitosis and cell signaling pathway during some developmental processes,15. This acid onverts glucose into energy and is an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes and is found in almost all foods but slightly more so in kidney heart liver spinach broccoli and yeast extract,16. From the word lycopersicum referring to the tomato species this is a bright red carotene and carotenoid pigment and phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables such as red carrots and red bell peppers watermelons gac and papayas but not strawberries or cherries and may prevent of some types of cancers,17. This is the acid form of phytate which is plant fiber which can have different nutritional benefits or ill effects depending upon many factors such as a individual intestinal microbiome,18. A compounds found in Norway spruce and grapes passion fruit and white tea and is a metabolite of resveratrol and displays antioxidant and anticancer properties,19. This pungent compound in black pepper can inhibit some metabolizing enzymes allowing
BreastCancerRisk
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Across
CLUES
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variation in drug responses and it is 8 on culinary heat scale list,20. Derived from the Plumbago plant this compound is regarded as a toxin a genotoxin and a mutagen but it is these same features that give it cell cycle and anticancer drug importance and a long list of impressive bioactive effects,21. Pentacyclic triterpene acid found in prunes as well as apples basil bilberries cranberries elder flowers peppermint rosemary lavender oregano thyme and hawthorn and is used in cosmetics but also decreases proliferation in some cancer cell types and induces apoptosis,22. Antioxidant found in wine and grapes that has limited success in lengthening lifespan of normal weight experimental animals,23. Thymoquinone has antiepileptic effects in children with refractory seizures and has antioxidant effects and protective effects for heart liver and kidney damage in animal studies as well as having possible anticancer effects and it comes from the seed of black cumin or if from the flowering plant is used as a spice,24. A bioactive flavinoid in different types of teas which is an antiinflammatory and is being investigated as a possible chemical to potentiate some kinds of chemotherpy regimens,25. Derived from the Zingiber zerumbet Smith plant from which it gets its name may be antiinflammtory and is purported suppress free radical formation and cancer cell proliferation,.
1. Like glabridin this coumpond is obtained from liquorice root and is effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer and is expectorant and antitussive,2. Found in mangos with antimicrobial andidiabetic and antioxidant effects,3. From the allium family this compound is only in garlic only after it is crushed or extracted and it has anti-fungal and antibacterial properties,4. Compound isolated from pink Lapacho trees and is in phase II clinical trials as anticancer drug therapy alone or in combination with others but was deemed ineffective at this time,5. A naturally occurring acid found in the burch tree genus name and namesake Betula and has antiretroviral antimalarial and anti-inflammatory properties possible anticancer use in inhibititing topoisomerase,6. Five ring triterpene acid produced by plants of the genus Boswellia which shows promise in careful doses as an antiinflammatory,7. A plant polyphenol from Toxicodendron that contains the allergen of poison ivy but some extracts have antitumor antioxidant bloodpressure lowering and antifibrogenic effects,8. this is an irritant and causes a burning sensation but is used medicinally as a dermal treatment for pain and neuralgia and also a clinically proven nasal spray for allergies,9. This compound is named after the a biologist Carolus Linneaus but is extracted from Rosemary plants with possible health benefits of cancer prevention antioxidants antiinflammatory protection,10. This compound exhibits antioxidant antiinflammatory anticancer and insecticidal qualities and it is a also tripterine with 5 rings and belongs in the family of quinone methides,11. The principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric which is a member of the ginger family but which has neither supported nor refuted in its health benefits,12. Named for two benzine rings and a methane group this compound shows some promise along with curcumin for its potential to block carcinogen-induced mammary tumors,13. Extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam and used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone pregnenolone progesterone and other steroid products,14. Also called evodia used in Chinese medicine and is anti-alergic anticancer and is thought to inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells,15. A phytoestrogen and a natural chemical isoflavone that is found in soybeans fava beans and
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16. An alcohol found in fresh ginger root and a relative of capsasin and piperine and that is a pungent yellow oil a heat designation of 8 cdifferent kinds of chilies,17. An xenoestrogen isoflavone found in the licorice root species Glycyrrhiza glabra and used in cosmetics to reduce melanogenesis and inflammation In laboratory animals and may help with colitis and colon inflammation,18. This is a diterpene found in some types of coffee beans with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities,19. Naturally occurring terpene found in plants with a spicy scent like lavender coriander rosa palma and bay leaf and it is used is soaps and perfumes,20. Found in mangos and acacia and in dandelion coffee Lupeol has a complex pharmacology in humans displaying antiprotozoal antimicrobial antiinflammatory antitumor and chemopreventive properties,21. Luteus meaning yellow is the root word for this xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids and high in green leafy vegetables such as spinach kale and yellow carrots and there is epidemiological evidence that increased consumption of this compound and zeaxanthin lowers the risk of cataract development,22. Occurs naturally in chinchona bark and coffee beans is a polyol with many OH groups and from which tamiflu for influenza virus was developed,23. Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate organosulfur compound which exhibits anticancer and antimicrobial properties in experimental models and it is obtained from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli Brussels sprouts or cabbages,24. From the sativa plant and chinese pharmacopia this compound is also called chia and is currently in phase III clinical trials for bioactive effects and relevant to breast cancer chemotherapy,25. Called vitamin E and in all of its forms it functions as an antioxidant just like the tocotrienol its antioxidant activity due to the ability to donate a hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl group to free radicals in the body,26. Like tocopherol this compound is part of vitamin E family of essential nutrients for the body and conprises four tocotrienols either alpha beta gamma or delta) and only slightly different than tocopherol in the unsaturated side chain having three double bonds,27. Belongs to the ginger family and both the alpha and beta compounds have strong inhibitory effects on the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in vitro like urson prunol or malol is a pentacyclic triterpene acid used in cosmetics that is also capable of inhibiting various cancer cell types by inhibiting the STAT3 activation pathway,
Links to more puzzles
BreastCancerRisk
Windows ofSusceptibility
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BreastCancerRisk
Windows ofSusceptibility
ANSWERS
Wikipedia along with Chemspider and PyMol made it possible to run through part of the endless list of phytochemicals to "see" just how small, how big, how complicated, and how "cute" some of these great chemicals are. A shapshot of these helps give them a place in time.
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ALLICIN
BETULINIC-ACID
BERBERINE
BUTEIN
GLABRIDIN
CARNOSOL
BETA-CAROTENE
BETALAPACHONE
CAFFEIC ACID
CELASTROL CRYPTOXANTHIN CURCUMIN
APIGENIN
CAPSAICIN
EPIGALLICATECHIN GALLATE
DIBENZYOLMETHANE
EMODIN EPICATECHINEUGENOL
EVODIAMINE GENISTEIN GINGEROL
GLYCYRRHETIN GLYCYRRHZIN GUGGULSTERONE INDIRUBIN
GETTING TO KNOWTHE SHAPES andSOUNDS OFNUTRITION
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MYRICITIN
WOGONIN
KAHWEOL
LYCOPENE
MANGIFERIN
PHYTIC ACID PIPERINE PICEATANNOL PLUMBAGIN
RESVERATROLQUINIC ACIDSULFORAPHANE TANSHINONE_1
TOCOPHEROL TOCOTRIENOL THYMOQUINONE
YAKICHONONE ZERUMBONE
LINALOOL LIPOIC ACID LUPEOL
LUTEIN
The links are to an electronic onlinepronunciation of these compounds.It is easier to understand what they
are and mean when they are associatedwith a name and a structure. Some of
the chemicals are actually quitebeautiful.
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kale................1000watercress....1000
collards...1000swiss chard....895
bok choi....875spinach....707arugula....604
romaine lettuce.510brussels sprouts.490
carrots....485cabbage....464broccoli....340
cauliflower.....315red bell peppers..265
mushrooms...238asparagus....205tomatoes....186
strawberries....182blackberries....171
leeks....165
raspberries....138blueberries..132
iceberg lettuce.127pomegranate 119
grapes...119camtalope....118
onions....109plums.....106oranges....98
cucumber... 87tofu....82
beans (all)....71seeds:flax etc....68
green peas....63cherries...55apples....53
peanut butter....51corn....45
pistacio nuts....37leeks....165
oatmeal........36salmon......34milk 1%......31
eggs.... 31bananas...30walnuts....30w w bread.30almonds.....38avacados....28
white potatoes... 28cashews....27
chicken breast....24ground beef....21white bread....21white pasta...17
lowfat cheese....16olive oil....11
corn chips....7cola....1
Methods for calculation the integrated nutrient values are: a percent of the RDI for known vitamins and minerals; potency presumed bioavailability and nutrient value was calculated based on the current literature for these phytochemicals.
This is where the fuzz begins, these data include only a few of the 26,000 known food phytochemicals and the limited research available. Nevertheless the take-away message HERE is quite clear and supports anticancer diet claims from countless sources.
EVALUATED IN EACH FOOD: fiber, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium,vit A, beta carotene, alpha carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, vit E, vit C, thiamin B1, riboflavin B2, niacin B3, pantothenic acid B4, pyridoxine B6, folate B9 , cobalamins B12, choline B , vit K, phytosterols, glucosinolates, angiogenisis inhibiting factors, porganosulfides, aromatase inhibitors, resistant starch, resveratrol, and the ORAC score (oxygen radical absorbance capacity).
Rank your food intake (p.s. processed foods are excluded) in total nutrient density -- 1: vegetables, 2 fruits, 3 grains, 4 animal protein products, and a second level of organization within each group 1: purple and green, 2: red and orange 3, yellow and brown, white.
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RESEARCH PARTNERShttp://www.doctoroz.com/videos/dr-joel-fuhrmans-nutrition-density-chart
Dr. Joel Fuhrman's Nutrition Density Chart
modified slightly
nutrient denSe f d
i cal rS o
:1 50nutrient S
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morenutrient dense
:1 100nutrient S
sugar i cal rS o
lessnutrientdense
http://news.yahoo.com/study-diet-soda-linked-increased-risk-heart-attack-172600831.html
Drinking one can of diet soda per day raised a person's
risk of suffering what are otherwise known as "vascular events" by as much as 44 percent.
vit C, vit A, vit K, vit B6vit B2, calcium, fiber
powerhouse of antioxidantsstrongly antiinflammatoryvery low glycemic indexfantastic for weight loss
nearly perfect proteinmore omega 3 than omega 6
and has over 45 differentflavonoids, esp kaempferoland quercetin, reduces 5
different types of cancer risk
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VIDEO
Standing with your feet 3.5 to 4 feet apart raise your arms outstretched palms down parallel to the floor. Rotate your left foot in a few degrees toward center, and your right foot 90 degrees to the right. Center your knee over the center of your right ankle. Turn your hips slight toward the right while keeping upper body more toward center.
Keep left heel on the floor. Exhale. Bend your right leg at the knee so that the leg is at a right angle with your foot and your right thigh is parallel to the floor, place your right palm or fingertips on the floor to the right side of your right foot.
Stretch your left arm straight up by your left ear with your palm to facing the floor. Inhale. Look at your left arm. Stretch from your left fingertips through your left side to your left foot.
The inside of your right thigh should be parallel with the floor, and at a 90o angle at your knee.
Hold in this position for 30 to 60 seconds. Inhale. Direct your left arm toward the ceiling and use the right thigh muscles to stand up.
Repeat to the left.
RELEASE STRESS
REDUCE CANCER RISK
GAIN STRENGTH
Utthita Parsvakonasanahttp://www.yogajournal.com/poses/749
extended side angle stretch pose
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RESEARCH PARTNERSSUPPLIES:
Purchase lockets at any craft or jewelry store (those in Fig. 1 were purchased at Michaels in the sale bin but you can purchase silver or semiprecious metal).
1 block of polymer clay in your desired color (or colors)
Dried flower petals (just two or three) ground to fine pieces.
INSTRUCTIONS
Knead the ground petals into a small piece of polymer clay. When the clay and petals are mixed, take a small portion of the mixture and press it into the place inside the locket charms that would ordinarily contain the photo. Smooth the surface off, and remove any clay around the hinge and the latch, and the border. Check to see if the locket closes, and remove any thickness of clay which might hinder the closure.
oBake at 250 for 30 min (or according to the instructions on the package of polymer clay. Polish the surface of the clay and locket with a polishing cloth or a polishing bit on your drill.
Add a jump ring to the top of the locket (if desired) and hang from your charm bracelet or necklace chain.
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