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^r

otr

`mc Tbo prosoht (jm`c) systol

ho`tbor eumrmhtoos sofur`ty

tk skf`oty hkr smgoeumrds tktbo r`ebts kg tbo mffusod.@t `s cmx w`tb tbkso w`tb wbkl`t sbkucd jo str`heoht mhdstr`heoht w`tb tbkso w`tb

wbkl `t fkucd smgocy jocoss sovoro.

Mrtbur Joocoy (=0:?)

^ZOTZ@MCI_VT@FO

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Lkst pokpco joc`ovo kur im`cs mro gucc kg fr`l` hmcs wbk mro jo`he puh`sbod

gkr tbo`r fr`los, jut tbo gmfts sbkw us m surpr`s`hecy d`oroht p`fturo.

Ms yku romd tb` s, twk kut kg o vory tbr oo pr`s khors `h Mlor` fms im` cs

bmvoht jooh fkhv`ftod kg m fr`lo jut mro `h im`c s`lpcy jofmuso tboy

fmhhkt mkrd tk pmy tbo`r jm`c ms sot jy tbo fkurt. @rkh`fmccy, lmhy kg

tbol wkht jo sohtohfod tk im`c kr pr`skh wboh tbo`r fmso fkhfcudos, yot

_.V. tmxpmyors pmy mh ost`lmtod $0 j`cc`kh dkccmrs ovory yomr tk aoop

tbol `h im`c wb`co tboy mro prosulod `hhkfoht. Tk lmao lmttors ovoh

wkrso, stud`os bmvo ropomtodcy sbkwh tbmt `g sklokho `s `h im`c wboh

tbo`r fmso `s sottcod, tboy mro sovormc t`los lkro c`aocy tk rofo`vo m im`c

kr pr`skh sohtohfo tbmh tboy wkucd `g tboy woro groo mt tbo t`lo kg tbo`r

tr`mc. Tbkso im`cod jogkro tbo`r tr`mc fmhhkt bocp tbo`r cmwyors w`tb tbo`r

dogohso, aoop tbo`r ikjs kr fmro gkr tbo`r gml`c`os, tbus `hfurr`he

s`eh`fmht mdd`t`khmc fksts tk kur fklluh`t`os. Uo bmvo m hmt`kh kg

im`cs mhd pr` skhs gucc kg pokpco wbk, grkl tbo vory stmrt kg tbo`r fmso, mrod`smdvmhtmeod mhd tromtod d`orohtcy, hkt jofmuso tboy mro dmheorkus

kr ovoh dosorvo str`ft puh`sbloht gkr tbo`r l`sdoods jut rmtbor jofmuso

kg tbo`r `hmj`c`ty tk rm`so fmsb. Trme`fmccy, Mrtbur Joocoys mssossloht

kg protr`mc iust`fo h tbo _.V, wr`ttoh 2? yomrs mek, st`cc r`hes truo tkdmy.

Uby;Cots ckka mt tbo purpkso kg jm`c. Coemccy, jm`c `s `htohdod tk lmao suro

sklokho wbk `s mrrostod sbkws up gkr fkurt wboh bo/sbo `s suppksod tk.

@h tbo pmst t b`rty yomrs kr sk, tbo cmw bms jooh fbmheod `h lkst stmtos

tk `hfcudo prktoft`kh kg tbo fklluh`ty grkl gurtbor fr`lo ms mh

mdd`t`khmc purpkso kg jm`c. Jm`c `s hkt suppksod tk jo m puh`sbloht1 `t `s

mftumccy m prktoft`kh mem`hst jo`he puh`sbod jogkro tr`mc wb`fb wo bmvo

ohikyod h tb`s fkuhtry s`hfo tbo pmssmeo kg tbo J`cc kg Z`ebts. Fucturmccy

bkwovor, jm`c s kgtoh sooh ms t bo pr`fo kg fr`lo.Tbo lod`m mhd pkpucmr

soht`loht sool tk suppkrt tbo hkt`kh tbmt ovoh tbo mffusmt`kh kg fr`lo

fklos w`tb m pr`fom dojt tk skf`oty, `g yku w`cc. Tbo lkhoy pm`d jy

tbkso wbk fmh mkrd `t, bkwovor, dkos hkt ek tk v`ft`ls kg fr`lo, pmy gkr

fkurt fksts kr hos, kr `h mhy wmy johot tbo fklluh`ty. Tboso dkccmrs

ek `htk tbo pkfaots kg fkllorf`mc jm`c jkhdsloh `h lkst fmsos. Jm`c

jkhdsloh aoop tbo lkhoy tboyro pm`d roemrdcoss kg wbotbor tbo porskh

mrrostod sbkws up `h fkurt kr ovoh `g tboy fkll`t how fr`los. Tb`s

puzzc`he systol kg fkllorf mc jm`c jkhd`he stmrtod `h Vmh Grmhf`sfk

mt tbo turh kg tbo pmst fohtury jy tbo hktkr`kus LfDkhkueb jrktbors,

gockhs wbk stmrtod fkccoft`he hkh-roguhdmjco goos `h oxfbmheo gkr tbo

rocomso kg tbo`r frkh`os mhd ktbor womctby fc`ohts. B`stkry sueeosts tboy

mffklpc`sbod tb`s tbrkueb tbo w`dospromd uso kg jr`jos tk tbo pkc`fo,

fkurts mhd ktbor pujc`f kstf`mcs. Tbo`r ohtorpr`so wm s sk prktmjco tbmt

`t skkh spromd mfrkss tbo hmt`kh. @t rolm`hs tkdmy, l`rod `h fkrrupt`kh

mhd sfmhdmc, ms tbo prodkl`hmht gkrl kg protr`mc rocomso usod h tbo _.V.

Jut ms `g tb`s wmsht ohkueb, `t `s hkt khcy tbo uso kg lkhoy tk dotorl`ho

protr`mc rocomso jutbkw

wo mrr`vo upkh tbo mlkuht kg lkhoy wo fbmreogkr groodkl tbmt ccs kur im`cs w`tb pokpco wbk bmvo hkt jooh fkhv`ftod.

Lkst fkurts sot jm`c mffkrd`he tk tbo fbmreo v`m m jm`c sfboduco, `.o.,

ovorykho mffusod kg m pmrt`fucmr fr`lo `s fbmreod tbo smlo mlkuht kg

jm`c. Tb`s `s dkho roemrdcoss kg tbo r`sakr cmfa kg r`sapksod jy tbkso

mrrostod. Vk, `h ossohfo, m prkgoss`khmc tb`og, wbk bms fmsb `h b`s pkfaot,

qu`facy purfbmsos b`s rocomso khcy tk roturh tk tbo stroots w`tbkut

lkh`tkr`he kr mffkuhtmjco suporv`s`kh, wb`co tbo rst-t`lo dogohdmht,

wbk bms hk fmsb, rolm`hs `h im`c mt tmxpmyor oxpohso. Tbo uso kg tboso

jm`c sfboducos pors`sts, dosp`to Vuprolo Fkurt dof`s`khs mhd stmto cmws

roqu`r`he tbmt jm`c lust jo sot jmsod upkh tbo `hd`v`dumc fbmrmftor`st`fs

kg omfb dogohdmht. Tbo uso kg xod jm`c mlkuhts ms prosfr`jod `h tboso

jm`c sfboducos fkhtr`jutos, lkro tbmh mhy ktbor gmftkr, tk tbo frkwd`he

kg kur hmt`khs im`cs w`tbkut roemrd gkr tbo smgoty kg kur fklluh`t`os kr

gkr oqumc iust`fo.

Uby bmsht sklokho tr`od tk rogkrl protr`mciust`fo;@h tbo omrcy =07>s, m pb `cmhtb rkp`st h How Pkra F`ty, Mcjort Vfbwo`tzor,

fkll`ss`khod m study kg tbo im`cs h tbo f`ty. Bo wms sbkfaod tk comrh tb mt

LKVT kg tbo pr`skhors tboro woro jo`he bocd s`lpcy jofmuso tboy fkucdht

pmy tbo`r jm`c jkhd, usum ccy kg m $=>> kr coss. Tb`s d`sfkvory cod tk m skf`m coxpor`loht ahkwh ms tbo Lmhbmttmh Jm`c ^rkioft. ^rotr`mc iust`fo

rogkrlors joc`ovod tbmt lkst kg tbkso wbk woro mrrostod mhd bmd t`os tk

tbo fklluh`ty wkucd sbkw up gkr fkurtroemrdcoss kg wbotbor tboy pm `d

gkr tbo`r groodkl tk m pr`vmto jm`c jkhdslmh. Tbo prkioft prkvod tk jo mh

ohkrlkus suffoss mhd skkh fmlo tk tbo mttoht`kh kg tboh-Mttkrhoy

Eohormc Zkjort G. Aohhody. Mt tbo b`s tkr`f Hmt`khmc Fkhgorohfo kh Jm`c

mhd Fr`l`hmc Iust`fo tbmt Aohhody fkhvohod `h =074, bo dosfr`jod kur

hmt`khmc jm`c prmft`fos ms hkt khcy fruoc, jut fklpcotocy `ccke`fmc.

Aohhody woht kh tk smy tbmt Kho gmftkr dotorl`hos wbotbor m dogohdmht

stmys `h im`c jogkro bo fklos tk tr`mc. Tbmt gmftkr `s hkt eu`ct kr `hhkfohfo.

@t `s hkt tbo hmturo kg tbo fr`lo. @t `s hkt tbo fbmrmftor kg tbo dogohdmht.Tbmt gm ftkr s, s`lpcy, lkhoy. 70

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KHO GMFTKZ DOTOZL@HOV UBOTBOZM DOGOHDMHT VTMPV @H IM@C JOGKZO

BO FKLOV TK TZ@MC. TBMT GMFTKZ @VHKT E_@CT KZ @HHKFOHFO. @T @V HKT TBOHMT_ZO KG TBO FZ@LO. @T @V HKT TBOFBMZMFTOZ KG TBO DOGOHDMHT. TBMTGMFTKZ @V, V@L^CP, LKHOP.

Ms m rosuct kg tbo Mttkrhoy Eohormc s fmcc gkr rogkrl, Fkheross pmssod tboJm`c Zogkrl Mft kg =077 wb`fb fmccod gkr tbo protr`mc rocomso kg dogohdmhts

kh tbo comst rostr`ft`vo fkhd`t`khs hoodod tk mssuro mppomrmhfo h fkurt.

Vtmto coe`scmt uros skkh gkcckwod su`t mhd protr`mc sor v`fos prkermls skkh

sprmhe up mfrkss tbo fkuhtry. Kur godormc fkurt systol `lpcolohtod

protr`mc sorv`fos prkermls ms wocc, ostmjc`sb`he m lkdoc gkr stmtos tk

gkcckw. Tboso prkermls sfrooh dogohdmhts tk doht`gy tbo`r strohet bs mhd

r`sas mhd rofkllohd tbo comst rost r`ft`vo fkhd`t`khs kg rocomso w`tbkut

roemrd tk tbo hmhf`mc stm hd`he kg tbo dogohdmht. _hc`ao tbo uso kg lkhoy

jkhds, tboso fkhd`t`khs bkcd tbo dogohdmht mffkuhtmjco sk ms tk l`h`l `zo

gm`curo tk mppomr `h fkurt ms wocc ms fr`l`hmc jobmv`krs wb`co kh rocomso.

Ktbor wostorh hmt`khs fmroguccy wmtfbod wbmt wms bmppoh`he w`tb

protr`mc iust`fo rogkrl `h tbo _.V. mhd jm`c-jkhd`he gkr prkt wms skkh

mjkc`sbod `h fkuhtr`os mfrkss tbo eckjow`tb tbo skco oxfopt`khs kg tbo

^b`c`pp`hos mhd tbo _.V.

@g wo rogkrlod protr`mc iust`fo `h tbo =07>s,wby mro tb`hes st`cc sufb m loss;Tbo mhswor `s lkst c`aocy rkktod `h kur joc`og tbmt kur furroht systol

kg rocy`he upkh lkhoy tk dotorl`ho wbk `s rocomsod mhd wbk `s bocd,

sklobkw wkras. Ms hktod prov`kuscy, m qu`fa ckka mt wbk s h im`c, m hd

wby, skkh d`spocs mhy hkt`kh tbmt kur fmsb-jmsod systol `s smgo, gm`r

kr oggoft`vo. Mhktbor mhswor s tbo `hd`sputmjco gmft tbmt tbo t`hy, jut

`hgcuoht`mc jm `c jkhd gkr-prkg`t hdustry wmhts t k prktoft ts c`voc`bkkd.

Tk m cmreo ox toht, tboy bmvo suffoodod. Tbo jm`c jkhd`he gkr-prkg`t

`hdustry bms ropomtodcy mttmfaod rogkrl oggkrts sufb ms protr`mc

sorv`fos prkermls, wb`co pmhdor`he tk tbo pujc`fs gomr kg fr`lo. Tbo

`hdustry meeross`vocy suppkrts tbo ocoft`kh kg kgg`f`mcs wbk suppkrt

tbo`r prkg`t-tma`he, wb`co tboy ckjjy coe`scmturos tk rostr`ft iud`f`mc

d`sfrot`kh h lma`he jm `c dof`s`khs. Dosp`to fkhfroto ov`dohfo tk tbo

fkhtrmry, tboy pkrtrmy tbo gkr-prkg`t jm`c systol ms `h tbo pujc`fs jost

`htorosts wb`co tboy fbmrmftor`zo rogkrl ms wocgmro gkr fr`l`hmcs.

@rkh`fmccy, khcy jkhdsloh gmro wocc `h m systol t bmt d`sfr`l`hmtos

mem`hst t bo pkkr roemrdcoss kg r`sa, wb`co gmvkr`he suffossguc

fr`l`hmcs wbk bmvo tbo fmsb hoodod gkr tbo`r uhgottorod rocomso.

^r

otr

`mc

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Ubmt fmh jo dkho;

Tbo mdvoht kg ov`dohfo jmsod prmft`fos bms jrkuebt w`tb `t how tkkcstk bocp iudeos lmao smgo mhd gm`r protr`mc rocomso dof`s`khs. Wmc`dmtod

protr`mc r`sa sfbolos, s`l`cmr tk tbo tkkcs `hsurmhfo fklpmh`os uso tk

lomsuro r`sa, mro hkw mvm`cmjco tk lomsuro tbo c`aoc`bkkd kg omfb

dogohdmhts mppomrmhfo h fkurt ms wocc m s tbo`r c`aoc`bkkd kg ro-kohd`he

roemrdcoss kg tbo`r skf`k-ofkhkl`f stmtus. Fkupcod w`tb tbo mffkuhtmjco

mhd trmhspmroht suporv`s`kh kg tbkso rocomsod, t boso tkkcs fmh bocp ohsuro

fklluh`ty smgoty wb`co drmlmt`fmccy roduf`he hoodcoss protr`mc MHD

pkst-fkhv`ft`kh `hfmrformt`kh. Iust ms `lpkrtmhtcy, tboso tkkcs fmh bocp

ju`cd iust`fo systols `h wb`fb dof`s`khs mro jmsod upkh r`sa rmtbor tbmh

fmsb. Tbo rosucts kg sufb systols `hfcudo ohkrlkus im`c fkst-smv`hes

wb`co putt`he mh ohd tk tbo prmft`fo kg eu`cty uht`c prkvoh r`fb gkr tbo

lmikr`ty kg tbkso mrrostod `h tb`s fkuhtry. Ms wo comrhod w`tb tbo stmccod

protr`mc rogkrls kg tbo =07>s, jost prmft`fos, dmtm kr ovoh tbo cmw w`cc hkt

fbmheo tbo mdl`h`strmt`kh kg protr`mc iust`fo. Tbo pujc`f lust dolmhd

tbo uso kg ov`dohfo jmsod pr`hf`pcos tk eu`do fr`l`hm c iust`fo pkc`f`osmh

`dom tbmt bms rofohtcy emrhorod j`-pmrt`smh suppkrt `h tbo mrom kg

sohtohf`he. Uo lust mjkc`sb jm`c sfboducos mhd ropcmfo tbol w`tb

olp`r`fmccy-dr`voh r`sa m ssosslohts gkr omfb dogohdmht wbk fklos jogkro

tbo fkurt. Mhd hmccy, protr`mc rocomso dof`s`khs lust jo jmsod upkh tbo

pr`hf`pcos kg gm`rhoss, oggoft`vohoss mhd fklluh`ty smgoty w`tbkut

fkhforh gkr tbo dkccmrs tbo mffusod fmh rm`so kr gkr mh `hdustry tbmtdopohds upkh fr`lo gkr `ts vory ox`stohfo.

T`l LurrmyOROF_T@WO D@ZOFTKZ

^ZOTZ@MC I_VT@FO

@HVT@T_TO

MJK_T TBO M_TBKZ

T`lktby I. Lurrmy s tbo Oxofut`vo D`roftkr kg I@. Bo

bms wkraod ms m fr`l`hmc iust`fo prmft`t`khor mt tbo

ckfmc, stmto mhd godormc covocs gkr 4> yomrs. B`s oxtohs`vo

protr`mc iust`fo oxpor`ohfo `hfcudos lmhmeoloht mhdoxofut`vo pks`t`khs w`tb tbo protr`mc

sorv`fos systols `h Umsb`hetkh, D.F.,

mhd L`ml`-Dmdo Fkuhty, Gckr`dm. Ub`co

`h L`ml`, bo wms tbo pr`hf`pmc mrfb`toft

mhd mdl`h`strmtkr kg tbo hmt`khs rst

drue fkurt. Bo woht kh tk sorvo w`tb

tbo _.V. Dopmrtloht kg Iust`fo ms rst d`roftkr kg tbo

Drue Fkurt rkerml Kgfo.

Gkcckw`he tbmt mppk`htloht, T`l bocd tbo pks`t`khs kgD`roftkr kg kc`fy mhd ^cmhh`he mhd D`roftkr kg rkerml

Dovockploht mt tbo Juromu kg Iust`fo Mss`stmhfo. Bo

fklpcotod b`s godormc sorv`fo ms pmrt kg tbo stmrt-up

toml gkr tbo Trmhspkrtmt`kh Vofur`ty Mdl h`strmt`kh, hkw

pmrt kg tbo _.V. Dopmrtloht kg Bklocmhd Vofur`ty. Bo

wms socoftod ms ^I@s oxofut vo d`roftkr `h :>>7. Bo bms

prkv`dod tofbh`fmc mss`stmhfo tk buhdrods kg prkermls

mhd kremh`zmt`khs, hmt`khmccy mhd htorhmt`khmccy. Bo s

m c got lo loljor kg tbo Hmt khmc Msskf`mt kh kg ^rotr`mc

Vorv`fos Meohf`os mhd `s tbo prkud rof`p`oht kg tbo

Msskf`mt khs lkst prost e`kus bkhkr, tbo Ohh`s I. Kce`mtMwmrd. Bo mcsk sorvos ms tbo oxofut`vo d`roftkr gkr tbo

@hst`tuto gkr Iust`fo ^cmhh`he, m sujs`d`mry kg ^I@

prkv`d`he pcmhh`he suppkrt tk iur`sd`ft`khs ohemeod `h

fr`l`hmc iust`fo systol rogkrl.

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