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ICS 23.020.30
J74
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国国家标准GB 150.4-2011
Partially Replace GB 150-1998
Pressure Vessels一
Part 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and
Acceptance
压力容器第 4 部分:制造、检验和验收
Issue on: November 21, 2011 Implemented on: March 1, 2012
Issued by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Contents
Scope............... …………………………..... .....……………….......…...,.................... ..... ......…................ . 1
2 Normative References …………………………………………………………………………………….. .. .....….......... 1
3 Tenns.. ..... .. ..... ... ..... .. ...... ... ...... ..... .... ................... .... ..... ... .. ..... ............. .................. ..... ................. ......2
4 General Provisions .. ................……… ……………………....... ..………... .....……………… ...........................3
5 Material Retesting, Segmentation and Symbol Transplantation …… .. ........... ........... .........................4
6 Cold Forming, Hot Forming and Assembly .........….......... .. .... ........ .……·……. ...... ... .....….................. 5
7 Welding .. .... ... ......... .. .... ............ .......................... .......... ........................ .. .... .. ...................................13
8 Heat Treatment .........……………… …………-………………………………·…… .. .............................16
9 Test Piece and Test Specimen ...........………….. .... ..... .......... .. .......…. .......………….. ...........................20
10 Non-destructive Inspection.….. .......… .... ... .............. ....... ........ .. .. ...... .............. ............... .................23
11 Pressure Test and Leakage Test ........…………………………………… ...…… .. ........... ............. ........27
12 Layered Vessel.…………............ ...…..…………………………………………… .............................29
13 Exfactory Requirements for Vessels.. ...............…... ................. .... .... .....… ..... .. ... .. .... .. ....................34
Foreword
All technical contents of this part of this standard are mandatory.
This standard GB 150 "Pressure Vessels" consists ofthe following four parts:
一一-Part 1: General Requirements;
一一-Part 2: Materials;
一一-Pmt 3: Design;
一一一Pati 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance.
This pmt is the pmt 4 of GB 150: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance. This part
is drafted according to the ru1es provided by GB/T 1.1 - 2009 "Directives for Standardization".
This part replaces parts of the Chapter 10 and Appendix C of GB 150 the part 1998 "Stee1 Pressure
Vessels". Compared with GB 150 the part 1998, the technical contents of this part have the main
following changes except for editorial changes:
a) Norl11ative references and terl11S were added.
b) Chapter 4 and Chapter 5:
一一-The specifications of welded joint classification of vessels are shifted to GB 150.1 and add
Category E joints;
一一-The specifications of risk aversion and control during the l11anufacture process of vessels
and the specifications of utilizing new technology, new process and new l11ethods and informatization
l11anage l11ent are added;
一一一The specifications of design modification, material substitution and retest of l11aterials during the process of manufacture of vessels are added.
c) Chapter 6:
一一-The specifications about the actual thickness of pressure cO l11ponents when they CO l11e into a
for l11 are l110dified;
一一-The requirel11ents about forming l11ethods, head shape deviation inspection and no longitudinal
corrugations on the straight flange ofthe head are modified;
一一-The requirements of cylinder s仕aightness, inspection methods and allowable tolerance, layout
of shell welded joints are l110dified.
d) Chapter 7:
一一一The scope of qualification of welding procedure and the retention period of technical archives
are l11odified. The specifications of sal11pling, test l11ethods, qualified indexes and retention period of
sample are correspondingly added;
一一-The specifications about twice heat treatl11ent after welding repair are modified.
e) Chapter 8 (GB 150 the part 1998, 10.4):
-" "
一一-The specifications of heat trea阳lent to recover the properties of the formed pressure components
and improve the mechanical properties of materials and other heat treatments are added;
一-The requirements of heat treatment furnace, heat treatment technology and recording are
added;
一一-The scope of post-weld heat treatment that the vessel and its and its pressure components
need to receive and the operation requirement of post-weld heat treatment are modified.
。 Chapter 9:
一一-The scope of demanded welding specimen of products, heat treatment test specimen of base
materials and other test specimen and samples is adjusted. Requirements of sampling, inspection and
qualification are added correspondingly;
一一一The specifications of combining prepar况ion welding specimen of products and heatσeatment
test specimen of base materials are added.
g) Chapter 10:
一一-The specifications of the selection of non-destructive inspection methods and the implementation
occasions of non-destructive inspection are added;
一一-The scope of all (1 00%) ray or ultrasonic detection, local ray or ultrasonic detection and
surface inspection is adjusted. The requirements of the technical class of ray and ultrasonic detection
are added;
一一一TOFD is added and qualification grade is specified;
一一一The detection requirements of combination are added;
一一-The retention requirements of non-destructive inspection archives are added.
h) Chapter 11 :
一一-Withstand pressure test methods for the combination of gas and liquid are added;
一一-Specifications of withstand pressure test are modified;
一-Tt is defined that gas甸tightness test method be one of the leakage test methods. Ammonia
leakage test method, halogen leakage test method and helium leakage test method are added.
i) Chapter 12:
一一-The requirements of the manufacture, inspection and acceptance of multi-layer integrally
wrapping flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels are added.
j) Chapter l3:
一一-The contents that the delivery quality celiifications of vessels contain are modified and the
documents shall be provided are added;
一一-The contents that the product nameplate contains are modified and add the items such as
equipment code etc..
This pati is proposed and under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Boilers and
Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 262).
-~ ‘带
Dra仕ing organizations of this part: Hefei General Machinery Research Institute, China Special
Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Sinopec Engineering Incorporation, Lanzhou Petroleum
And Chemical Machinery Works, Dalian Binshan Group Jinzhou Heavy Machinery Co. , Ltd. and
China Petrochemical Group Na时ing Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Chemical Machinery Plant.
Chief draf王ing staff: Cui Jun, Chen Xuedong, Shou Binan, Yang Guoyi, Chen Yongdong, Li Shiyu,
Xie Tiejun,认1ang Bing, Xu Feng, Chen Jianyu, Liu Jing, Han Bing, Yao Zuoquan.
The previous editions ofthe standard replaced by this pm1 are listed below:
一一一←GB 150-1989, GB 150-1998.
Pressure Vessels一-Part 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and
Acceptance
1 Scope
1.1 This pati specifies the requirements for the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of
steel pressure vessels within the applicable scope of GB 150. The requirements for the n也abr‘'lca川tion叽1飞,
111S啕s斗叩pecω叫tion and t比es剑ting, and acceptance of pressure vessels made of other materials shall be in accordance
with th巳 relative standards.
1.2 This part is applicable to the structures of pressure vessels as follows: single-layer welded jíressure
vessels, forged-welded pressure vessels, and layered pressure vessels (including concentric wrapped, 气
integrated wrapped , f1at steel ribbon wound, and shrink fit pressure vessels).
1.3 For low temperature pressure vessels made of austenitic stee\s (at design temperature lower than
1960
C), the requirements for the fabrication , inspection and testing, and acceptance specified
according to the negotiation of the parties participating in the fabrication shall be specified in design
documents by the design organization.
2 Normative References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this standard. For dated references, only the dated versions apply to this standard. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document (include all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB 150.1-2011 "PressureVessels一-Part 1: General Requirements"
GB 150.2 - 2011 "Pressure Vessels-Part 2: Materials"
GB 150 .3 -2001 "Pressure vessels-Pati 3: Design"
GB/T 196 "General Purpose 孔1etric Screw Threads-Basic Dimensions"
GB/T 197 "General Purpose Metric Screw Threads-Tolerances"
GB/T 228 "Metallic Materials-Tensile Testing at Ambient Temperature"
GB/T 229 "Metallic Materials一〈丁harpy Pendulum Impact Test Method"
GB/T 232 "Metallic Materials-Bend Test"
GB/T 1804 "General Tolerances-Tolerances for Linear and Angular Dimensions Without Individual
Tolerance Indications"
GB/T 25198 "Heads for Pressure Vessels"
GB/T 21433 "Detecting Susceptibilityto Intergranular Corrosion in Stainless Steel Pressure Vessels"
JB/T 4700 "Type and Specification for Pressure Vessel Flanges"
JB/T 4701 "A-type Socket-weld Flange"
JB/T 4702 "B-type Socket-weld Plange"
JB/T 4703 "认Telding Neck Flange"
JB/T 4704 "Nonmetallic Gaskets"
JB/T 4705 "Spiral Wound Gaskets"
JB/T 4706 "Double四jacketed Gaskets"
JB/T 4707 "Stud Bolts"
NB/T 47014 (JB/T 4708) "Welding Procedure Qualification for Pressure Equipment"
NB/T 47015 (JB/T 4709) "Welding Specification for Pressure Vessels"
JB/T 4711 "Coating and Packing for Pressure Vessels Transport"
JB/T 4730 .1 "Nondestructive Testing ofPressure Equipments-Part 1: General Requirements"
JB/T 4730.2 "Nondestructive Testing ofPressure Equipments-Part 2: Radiographic Testing"
JB/T 4730.3 "Nondestructive Testing ofPressure Equipments- Part 2: Ultrasonic Testing"
JBIT 4730 .4 "Nondestructive Testing ofPressure Equipments-Part 2: Magnetic Particle Testing"
JB/T 4730.5 "Nondestructive Testing ofPressure Equipments-Pmi 5: Penetrant Testing"
JB/T 4730.6 "Nondestructíve Testing ofPressure Equipments一-Part 6: Eddy Current Testing"
JB/T 4736 "Reinforcing Pad"
NB/T 47016 (JB/T 4744) "Machanical Propeliy Tests of Product Welded Test Coupons for
Pressure Equipments"
NB/T 47018 .1 (JB/T 4747.1) "Technical Penuission ofWelding Materials for Pressure Equipment
-Section 1: General Rule"
NB/T 47018 .2 (JB/T 4747.2) "Technical Pennission of矶Telding Materials for Pressure Equipment
-Section 2: Steel Electrode"
NB/T 47018 .3 (JB/T 4747.3) "Technical Permission ofWelding Materials for Pressure Equipment
-Section 3: Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding"
NB/T 47018 .4 (JB/T 4747 .4) "Technical Pennission ofWelding Materials for Pressure Equipment
一-Section 4: Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding"
NB/T 47018.5 (JB/T 4747.5) "Technical Pennission ofWelding Materials for Pressure Equipment
一-Section 5: Stainless Steel Strip Electrodes and Fluxes for Overlay Welding"
TSG R0004 "Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel"
3 Terms
The terms and definitions specified in GB 150.1 and the follows apply to this part.
3.1 Forged-welded Pressure Vessel
Pressure vessels formed by the connections of circumferential welded joints, for which the cylindrical 2
segments or heads (or cylindrical body ends) are made by machined cylindrical or other shapes forged
paris.
3.2 Layered Pressure Vessel
Pressure vessels whose cylinders are constructed by more than two layers (including two layers)
of plates or strips and the layers are combined by non-welding method. Clad vessels are excluded.
3.3 Wrapped Pressure Vessel
Layered pressure vessel formed by layer plates wrapped layer by layer on the inner cylinder.
Wrapped pressure vessel includes the following two structural forms:
a) Concentr刊 wrapped pressure vesse l. It means that the pressure vessels are fonned after
installing and welding the mu1ti-layer cylindrical segments where a single segment of inner cylíÍ1der is
wrapped by multi-layers of sheets; ''
b) Integrated wrapped pressure vessel. Pressure vessel for which its entire inner cylinders are
wrapped by multi-layers of sheets a仕er installing and welding inner cylinders and heads (and/or
cylindrical body ends).
3.4 Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessel
P凹re臼ssure vessels foαrn咀mη1ed by staggered winding steel strips layeαr by layer along a certain angle t出ha低t foαr呻.'m
and welding t由he im口mer cy川linde创rs and heads (归andψ/or cylindrical body ends)
3.5 Shrink Fit Pressure Vessel
Pressure vessel for which its cylindrical body are multi-layer cylindrical segments that mutually
cooperated with shrink fit and shrunk on layer by layer of severallayers as heating up, then by way of
welding the circumferential welded joints to form a pressure vessel.
3.6 Thickness of Steel Material
The filling thicknesses of the steel sheets and steel pipes, namely, the thiclmess marked on the
material quality celiificate and presented by ðs.
3.7 Cold Forming
The plastic deformation process conducted under the natural ambient temperature.
Tn General, the plastic deformation process conducted under the natural temperature is called
cold forming. The plastic deformation process between cold forming and hot forming is called wann
forming.
3.8 Hot Forming
The plastic deformation process conducted at the forming completion temperature which is not
less than the annealing or solid solution heat treatment temperature ofthis workpiece mater臼l.
4 General Provisions
4.1 Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance Basis ofPressure Vessels
3
4.1.1 The fabrica川tion叽1飞, inspection and testing, and acceptance of pressure vessels shall comply with
the prov1s10ns in this standard and the requirements in the design drawings. Without additional
specifications, the fabrication , inspection and testing, and acceptance of pressure vessels shall meet
the following requirements within the application scope ofthe following standards:
a) The head shall be in accordance with GB/T 25198;
b) The reinforcement panel shall be in accordance with JB/T 4736;
c) The vessel f1ange and its and its connection pieces shall be in accordance with JB/T 4700~
4707:
d) Welding materials shall be in accordance with JB/T 4709.
4.1.2 The selection of pipe f1ange shall meet the relevant requirements ofTSG R0004.
4.2 Risk Preventing and Controlling During the Fabricating Process ofPressure Vessels
For the pressure vessels with risk assessment issued by the design organization, the fabrication
organization shall completed the following work according to the main failure modes, pressure vessel
fabrication and inspection requirements and suggestions stated in this risk assessment report:
a) Determine the fabrication and inspection process reasonably;
的 The failure modes and protective measures stated in this risk assessment report shall be
ref1ected in the product quality certificates.
4.3 Design Amendments and Material Substitution
Before the f油rication organization carries out any modification to the original design and substitution
of the pressure component materials, the fabrication organization shall obtain a written approval from
the or电inal design organization and make a detailed record on the project completion drawings.
4.4 Application of New Technologies and New Processes
For the new technologies, new processes and new methods, which are not listed in this Standard,
applied in the fabrication and inspection of pressure vessels, technical assessment shall be conducted
according to the specifications ofTSG R0004. For example:
a) When using the non-destructive testing method which is not listed in JB/T 4730 or beyond
the applicable scope of JB/T 4730 to carry out non-destructive testing to pressure vessels which are
still in preparation;
b) When using other methods to eliminate the residual stress in the pressure vessels and its and
1tS pressure components.
4.5 Information Management
The fabrication organizations of pressure vessels shalI timely input the relevant data of the pressure
vessels into the information management system for special equipment as required.
5 Material Retesting, Segmentation and Symbol Transplantation
5.1 Material Retesting
5.1.1 Tηhem丑1a创te创rials shall be r阳et旬es挝ted on fì岛ollowing oc∞caslOns匹s缸: 4
'轨
"
a) The purchased Grade IV forged parts for the use of Category III pressure vessels;
b) The main pressure components materials for which the authenticity of their quality certificates
cannot be determined , or for which the properties and chemical compositions are doubtful;
c) The impOlied materials used for preparing the main pressure components;
d) Austenitic stainless steel flat sheets used for preparing the main pressure components;
e) The materials requested in the design drawings for retesting.
5.1.2 Austenitic stainless steel flat sheets shall be retested for mechanical propeliies according to the
lot number (for the utilization of the whole roll, a set of retesting samples shall be intercepted 仕om the
head, the middle pati and the trail of the coiled sheet corresponding to the open plate after opening
operation is finished; for the utilization of non-whole roll, a set of retesting samples shall be intercepted
at the end of the open plate); for the retest required on Occasion 时, b), c), e) in 5. 1.1, the c且emical
compositions shall be retested according to the furnace number and mechanical properties shall be 飞
retested according to the lot number.
5.1.3 The material retesting resu1ts shall be consistent with the provisions of relevant material
standards or the requirements in the design drawings.
5.1.4 Low-temperature welding rods shall be retested for the percentage of moisture for covering or
retested for the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metals in batches, the test methods shall be in
accordance with the corresponding welding rod standards or design documents.
5.2 Material Segmentation
Material segmentation for spare palis of pressure vessels may adopt cold segmentation or hot
segmentation methods. When using hot segmentation method to separate materials, any fused slag and
surface layer that may affect the manufacturing quality shall be cleared.
5.3 Material Symbol Transplantation
5.3.1 Materials used to fabricate pressure components shall carry traceable symbols. During fabricating
process, if such an original symbol is going to be removed from the material or the material is planned
to be cut into pieces, then the fabrication organization should speci命 an expression method of the
symbol, and complete the symbol transplantation before conducting the material segmentation.
5.3.2 For pressure vessels made of stainless steel sheets and c1ad steeI plates which are corrosion
resistant, no embossed marking shall be used on the corrosion-resistant surfaces.
5.3.3 Pressure components of low temperature pressure vessels shall not be marked by embossing
methods
6 Cold Forming, Hot Forming and Assembly
6.1 Forming
6.1.1 The fabrication organization shall, according to the fabricating processes, deterrnine the machining
allowances to ensure that the actual thickness of the formed pressure components are not less than the
minimum forming thickness that is stated in the design drawings.
6.1.2 The pressure components made of normalized, normalized plus tempered or quenched plus
5
tempered steels should adopt cold forming or warm forming. When adopting warm forming, it shall
be kept clear 丘om the temper brittleness temperature area of the steels.
6.2 Surface Grinding
6.2.1 During fabricating process, any mechanical damage to the material surface shall be avoided
For defects such as acute wounds and local wounds, grooves su旺eæd by the cOITosion-resistant
surfaces of stainless steel pressure vessels shall be ground out, the minimum gradient of the grinding
shall be 1 :3 , the grinding depth shall not exceed 5% of the steel thickness ðs of that location and not
larger than 2mm, otherwise a welding repair shall be conducted.
6.2.2 As for formed parts, deposit welded parts of clad steel plates and metal lining layers, the
grinding depth shall 110t be larger than the 30% of the thickness of the cladding layer (or clad layer, lining) and not larger than 1mm, otherwise a welding repair shall be conducted.
6.3 Vessel Groove
Vessel grooves shall meet the following requirements:
a) Groove surface shall be free from any defect such as crack, delamination and inclusion;
的 Groove surfaces of low-alloy steel materials with a standard tensile strength Rm2:540MPa, and the groove surfaces of Cr-Mo low-alloy steel materials after hot segmentation, shall conduct magnetic
particle test in accordance with JB/T 4730 .4. Grade 1 shall be deemed qualified;
c) Before conducting welding, any oxide scale, greasy dirt, slag and other harmful impurities
which are within the range of20mm (the distance from the edge ofthe groove) 企om both sides of the
base metal surface and the groove shall be cleared away.
6.4 Head
6.4.1 The distance between various disjoint welding weld centerlines ofthe heads shall be at least 3
times of the head steel thickness ðs, and not be less than lOOrnm. When a dished head is made by the
assembly of the fOlTIled segments and a top circular plate, the welding directions between the segments
should be radial and circumferential, as shown in Figure 1.
For any head which is assembled first and formed later, the intemal surf注ce of the welds and the
external surface of the welds which can affect the forming quality, shall be polished to be the same
level as the base metal.
主3ð, and ~ 1 OOmm
Figure 1 Weld Arrangement of a Convex Head Formed by Segmentation
6
-.. ‘同
6.4.2 Use a full size gap inner sample plate to inspect the shape deviations (see Figure 2) of the
internal surfaces of elliptical heads, dished heads and spherical heads. The indentation dimension shall
be 3%Di~5%Dj. The maximum convex dished deviation from the shape shall not exceed l.25% ofthe
head internal diameter Di. The cove shall not be larger than O.625%Dj. The sample plate shall be
perpendicular to the testing surface during inspection. For heads shown in Figure 1 as forming first
assembled alter, allow the sample plate to avoid the weld for measurement.
Sample plate gap
Measuring baseline ofthe outline ofthe sample plate ofthe gap Head
Figure 2 Shape Deviation Inspection on Convex Head
6.4.3 For dished heads and toriconical heads, the knuckle radius of the transition zone shall not be
less than the value specified in the drawing.
6.4.4 There shall be no longitudinal folds pennitted on the straight edges of the heads.
6.5 Cylinder and Shell
6.5.1 The align deviation value b (see Figure 3) for Category A, B welded joints shall be in accordance
with those specified in Table 1. The align deviation value b for forged and welded Category B welded
joints shall be less than 118 ofthe steel thickness ðs at the alignment location, and not larger than 5mm.
Figure 3 Align Deviation Value of Category A, B Welded Joints
Table 1 Align Deviation Value of Category A, B Welded Joints mm
Steel thickness 0, at a! ignment Align deviation value b 伽sifíed accordi叩o the CI部sifícation of we陆djoi川o differentiate the
10巳atlOl1 Category A we!ded joint Cat巳gory B welded joints
<12 三 1140, ::: 1140,
>12-20 三3 三 1140,
>20-40 三3 三5
>40-50 三3 三 1/80,
>50 三 1160" and 三10 三 1 /80" 副ld 三20
For the circumferentia! joints which connect the spherical head and the cylinder, and the Category A butt joints which connect the
emb巳dded nozz!es and the cylinder or the head, the a!ign deviation value shall be determined according to the requirements for Category
B welded joints
7
.轨
电鬼
The align deviation value b (see Figure 4) for any clad steel plate shall not be larger than 50% of
the cladding thickness ofthis steeI sheet and not be larger than 2mm.
Figure 4 Align Deviation Value of Category A, B Welded Joints
6.5.2 F or the edge angle E formed by the circumferential and axial welded joints, an internaI sample
plate (or externaI sample plate) with the chord Iength equaIs to D/6 and no Iess than 300mm shaIl be
used to check (see Figure 5 and Figure 的, the E value shall not exceed (δsI1 0+2) mm and not be larger
than 5mm.
1/6D j and ~300mm 1I6Dj and 2:300mm
Figure 5 Circumferential Edge Angle at Welded Joints
Figure 6 Axial Edge Angle at Welded Joints
6.5.3 For Category B welded joints and Category A welded joints which connect the cylinders and
the sphericaI heads, when the steeI thickness of both sides are not the same, if the thickness of the
thinner plate is ðs 1三10mm, and the thickness difference between the two plates exceeds 3mm; if the
thickness of the thinner plate is ðsl> 1 Omm, and the thickness difference between the two plates is
Iarger than 30%ðsl of the thickness of the thinner plate or exceeds 5mm, then the edge of the thicker
plate shaIl be thinned from one side or both sides according to the requirements in Figure 7, or the
edge of the thinner plate shaIl be welded to be an inclined surface by adopting surfacing method
according to the same requirements.
When the thickness difference between the two plates is Iess than the above mentioned values,
8
" "
then the align deviation value b shall be in accordance with the requirements in 6.5 .1, and the align
deviation value b shall be determined by using the thickness of the thinner plate as the benchmark.
认Then measuring the align deviation value b, the thickness difference between the two plates shall not
be included.
L"L2主3(15,, -15,2
N n
也。
Figure 7 Connection Types of the Category B Welded Joints with Different Thicknesses and Category A Welded
Joints Connecting Cylinder and Spherical Head
6.5.4 Unless otherwise specified in the drawings, the allowable tolerance ofthe cylinder straightness
shall not be larger than 1 %0 of the cylinder length L. When the shelllength of a vertical pressure vessel
exceeds 30m, the al10wable tolerance of the cylinder straightness shall not be larger than (0.5LIl 000)+ 15.
Note: The insp巳ction ofth巳 cylinder straightness is conducted by way of inspecting th巳 horizontal and the vertical plane of the center
line, the measurement is conducted along the 00 , 90 0 , 1800 ,2700 four circumference locations. The distance from the measuring
positions to the center line ofthe Category A longitudinal welded joints ofthe cylinder shall not be less than 100mm. Ifthe shell
thickness is different, then when caIculating the straightness, the thickness di汗erence shall be deducted
6.5 .5 When conducting the assembly, the arrangement of the welded joints on the she l1 shall meet
the following requirements:
的 The outer arc length between the Category A welded joints of the adjacent cylindrical
segments shall be larger than 3 times of the steel thickness ðs, and not be less than 100mm;
的 The outer arc lengths between the Category A splicing joints on the head, Category A joints
of the embedded nozzle on the head and the Category A joints of the cylindrical segments which are
adjacent to the head shall all be larger than 3 times of the steel thickness ðs, and not be less than
100mm;
c) The length of any single cylindrical segment on the cylinder assembly shall not be less than
300mm;
d) Cross welding seam should not be adopted.
Note: Th巳 outer arc length refers to the distance between the weld center Iines ofthe welded seams 创1d the distance of the weld center
lines along the outer surface ofthe sh巳11
6.5.6 The f1ange face shall be perpendicular to the spindle center line of the connection pipe or the 9
cylinder. The components of the connection pipe and the flange and the assembly of the shell shall
ensure the flange face horizontal or vertical (the drawings specification shall be followed for the oblique
connection pipes if specially required), the deviation shall not exceed 1 % of the external diameter of
the flange (when the external diameter of the flange is less than lOOmm, it shall be calculated as
1 OOmm), and not be larger than 3mm.
Flange bolt holes shall be arranged across the middle with the shell main axis or the plumb line
(see Figure 8). Any special requirement shall be indicated on the drawings.
Figure 8 Cross-middle Arrangement of Flange Bolt Hole
6.5.7 The base rings of vertical vessels and the anchor bolt holes on the base plate shall be uniformly
arranged. The diameter tolerance of the center circle, the chord length tolerance between two adjacent
holes, and the chord length toler田lce between any two holes shall not be larger than 土3mm.
6.5.8 The weld conducted between the inner parts of a pressure vessel and the shell shall try to keep
off the Category A and Category B welded joints on the shel l.
6.5.9 Any weld on pressure vessels which is covered by a reinforcing ring, support or cushion plates,
shall be polished to be level with the base metal.
6.5.10 After the assembling and welding of a vessel is completed, the shell diameter shall be
checked , the requirements are as follows:
a) The difference between the maximum internal diameter and minimum internal diameter of a
same section of the shell shall not exceed 1 % of the internal diameter Di (1 %0 for forged-welded
pressure vessels) ofthis section, and not be larger than 25mm (see Figure 9);
Figure 9 Difference Between the Maximum Internal Diameter and Minimum Internal Diameter of the Same Section
b) When the distance between the section inspected and the center of the open hole is smaller
10
-~
'
than the diameter of the open center, then the difference between the maximum internal diameter and
minimum internal diameter of this section shall not exceed the sum of 1 % of the internal diameter Di
of this section (1 %0 for forged-welded pressure vessels) and 2% of the opening internal diameter, and
not be larger than 25mm.
6.5.11 After the assembling and welding of an external pressure vessel is completed; the roundness
ofthe shell shall be checked according to the following requirements:
a) Use an inner arched or outer arched sample plate (depending on the measurement points) to
measure. The arc radius of the sample plate is equal to the inner radius or the outer radius of the shell,
the chord length is equal to two times ofthe arc length specified in Figure 4-14 ofGB 150 .3 -201 1.
The measurement points shall keep offthe welds or other raised parts.
b) The maximum positive-negative deviation e which is measured by using the sample plate
along the shell radial shall not be larger than the maximum allowable deviation indicated in Figure 10.
When the intersection point of DoIðe and L/Do is located between any two curves in Figure 10,
then its maximum positive-negative deviation e shall be determined by the interpolation method;
When the intersection point of Do/ðe and L/Do is located above ofthe e= 1.0ðe curve or below the
e=0.2ðe curve, its maximum positive-negative deviations e shall not be larger than ðe and O.2ðe value
respectively.
c) The L and Do of the cylinder and spherical shell or conical shell shall be selected according
to the provisions of GB 150.3. As for Do ofthe conical shell shall take the external diameter Dox ofthe
conical shell where the measuring points are located, L shall take Le (DoJDox). Therein, Le shall be
calculated according to Formula (5-20) in GB 150 .3 -201 1.
1000 900 800
700
600
500
400
300
200
注川
100 90 80
70
60
50
40
30
25 0. 05 O. 10 O. 2 O. 3 O. 4 O. 5 O. 6 O. 8 1. 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
LlDo
Figure 10 Maximum Allowable Deviation of Shell Roundness 11
Y鄂喃
6.6 Flange and Flat Cover
6.6.1 The vessel f1anges shall be processed according to the requirements of JB/T 4700~4703; the
pipe flange shall be processed according to the requirements of corresponding standards.
6.6.2 The flat cover and cylinder ends shall be processed according the following specifications:
a) The diameter tolerance between the center circles of stud hole or bolt hole, as well as the
chord length tolerance between two adjacent holes shall be 土0.6mm; the chord length tolerance between
any two holes shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 2:
Table 2 Chord Length Tolerance Between Any Two Holes ofFlange Stud Hole or Bolt Hole
Design internal diameter Di <600 600-1200 >1200
AlIowable tolerance 土1.0 土1.5 土2.0
的 The allowable tolerance of screw center line and perpendicularity of end surface shall not be
larger than 0.25%;
c) The principal dimension and tolerance of screw thread shall respectively comply with
requirements ofGB/T 196 and GB/T 197;
d) The thread precision of a screw is a general moderate accuracy, or selected by appropriate
national standards.
6.7 Bolt, Stud and Nut
6.7.1 Bolts, studs and nuts with nominal diameter not larger than M36 shall be fabricated according
to the corresponding standards.
6.7.2 Studs for vessel flange shall meet the requirements of JB/T 4707.
6.7.3 Bolts, studs and nuts with nominal diameter not larger than M36 shall meet the following
requirements except the specifications of 6.6.2, c), d) and corresponding standards:
a) As for studs which require heat treatment, the samples and tests shall be in accordance with
the relevant provisions stated in GB 150 .2 -2011
b) Semi-finished nuts shall be conducted with hardness test after heat treatment.
c) Studs should be conducted with surface test in accordance with JB/T 4730, Grade 1 shall be
regarded as qualified.
6.8 Assembly and Other Requirernents
6.8.1 The limit deviation of the linear dimensions of machined and unmachined surfaces shall
respectively comply with the requirements of Class m and Class c as specified in GB/T 1804.
6.8.2 Pressure components for vessels shall not be aligned or leveled by strong force in the
assembly.
6.8.3 The main geometric dimension, pipe ori丑ce direction of the vessel shall be inspected and they
shall meet the requirements of the drawings.
12
"''''' "
7 Welding
7.1 Pre-welding Preparation and Welding Environment
7.1.1 The storage house for electrodes, welding flux and other welding materials shall be kept dry,
and the relative humidity hereof shall not be larger than 60%.
7.1.2 Without effective protection measures, the welding must not be conducted under one of the
following welding environrnents:
a) The air flow rate is larger than 10m/s during shielded metal arc welding;
b) The air flow rate is larger than 2m/s in gas shielded welding;
c) The relative humidity is higher than 90%;
d) Rainy or snowy days;
e) The temperature of welded parts is below -20 'C .
7.1.3 When the temperature ofthe welded part is below O'C but not below -20'C , then it shall be
preheated to about 15 'C within the range of 100mm ofthe welding location.
7.2 Welding Procedures
7.2.1 Before conducting welding to a pressure vessel, the weld of the pressure components, weld
welded with pressure components, tack weld welded into a permanent weld, the surface build-up
welding and patch welding of the base metal of the component, as well as the re-repair weld of the
above mentioned welds, all shaIl be subjected to welding procedure qualifications according to NB/T
47014 or get SUppOlt 自'om the assessed and qualified welding procedures.
7.2.2 As for any imported material (including fi Ilers) which is used for welding structural pressure
components, before it is used for the first time by the fabrication organization of the pressure vessel,
the material shall be conducted with a welding procedure quaIification according to NB/T 47014.
7.2.3 Vessels made of chromiumnickel austenite stainless steel at the design temperature below
100 'C and not below - 196 'C shall select appropriate welding procedures according to the design
temperature. The carbon content in the base material shall be less than or equal to 0.10% of the
chromiumnickel austenite stainless steel. Low temperature Charpy (V-notch) impulse test on the weld
metal shall be conducted in the corresponding qualification of welding procedure. The impact absorbing
energy (K几) at a temperature not above the design temperature shaIl not be less than 31J (if the
design temperature is below - 192 'C , its impact test temperature take -192 'C).
7.2.4 The welding procedure qualification of low temperature vessels shaIl include the low tempera阳re
Charpy (V-notch) impact test on the weld and the heat affected zone. The sampling method of the
impact test shaIl be determined according to the requirements specified in NB/T 47014.
The impact test temperature shaIl not be above the test temperature required by the drawing.
When the base metal on both sides of a weld have different impact test requirements, the impact test
temperature ofthe weld metal shall be less than or equal to the higher value ofthe base metal on both
sides, the low-temperature impact energy shall be the lower value of the tensile strength of the base
metal on both sides and shaIl be consistent with those specified in Table 1 or the drawing of GB 150.2
-201 1. The tensile and bending performances of the joints should be consistent with the lower
13
字"鸭
requirement of the base metal on both sides.
7.2.5 The weld heat input in the welding of the low temperature vessel shall be controlled strictly.
Within the range estab!ished by welding procedure qualification, the smaller weld heat input shall be
adopted, and the mu1ti-track welding should be carried out.
7.2.6 The steel stamp of the welder code shall be marked at the designated place near the welding
joints of the pressure ∞mponents, or the welder code shall be recorded in the welding records contained
in the layout diagram of welding joints. Therein, the corrosion-resistant surfaces of low temperature
vessels and stainless steel vessels shall not be marked with steel stamp.
7.2.7 The technical files of welding procedure qualification shall be kept until this procedure
qualification is invalid, the test specimens for the welding procedure qualification should be preserved
for at least 5 years.
7.3 Requirements for Shape, Dimension and Appearance ofWeld Surface .,飞
' 7.3.1 The weld reinforcement el and e2 of Category A and Category B welded joints shall be in
accordance with those specified in Table 3 and Figure 11.
Table 3 Qualified Indexes ofWeld Reinforcement for Category A and Category B Welded Joints mm
RLI\~三 Low-alloy steel material with the standard tensile strength of Other steels
540MPa, Cr-Mo low-alloy steel
Single groove Double groove Single groove Double groove
ej e2 ej e2 ej e2 ej e 2
Oo/.-lO%ð, 0号也-lO%ðj O~也-lO%ð2 O%- 15%ð, Oo/.-15%ðj 。γ俨15%ð2。-1. 5 。-1.5and ::;3 and <3 and 三3 and :'s4 and :'S4 and <4
叫t
『
‘ ‘'
‘<.<:>
a) Single groove b) Double groove
Figure 11 Weld Reinforcement ofCategory A and Category B Welded Joints
7.3.2 As for the weld leg of Category C and Category D welded joints, if not specified in the drawings,
the thickness of the thinner welding part shall be adopted. For the weld leg of the reinforcing ring, when the thickness of the reinforcing ring is not less than 8mm, then the dimension of the weld leg
shall be equal to 70% of the thickness of the reinforcing ring, and not be less than 8mm.
7.3.3 The surfaces ofthe welded joints should be conducted with appearance inspection in accordance
with relevant standards, there should be no surface cracks, incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion ,
surface pores, craters, incomplete filling, slags and spa忧ers; the transition between the weld and the
14
base metal shall be smooth; the outline of fillet welds shall be conducted with smooth concave transition.
7.3.4 There shall be no undercuts on the weld surfaces ofthe following vessels:
a) Low-alloy steel vessels with a standard tensile strength which has a lower limit Rm主540MPa;
b) Vessels made of Cr-Mo low-alloy steel;
c) Vessels made of stainless steel;
d) Vessels bearing cyclic load;
e) Vessels with stress corrosion;
ηLow temperature vessels;
g) Vessels with weld joint coefficient ø as 1.0 (except vessels made of seamless steel tub臼).
The undercut depth of the weld surface of other vessels shall not exceed 0.5mm, the continuous
length of the undercut shall not exceed 100mm, and the total length of the undercut at both sides shall
not exceed 10% of the weld length.
7.4 Welding Repair
7.4.1 When the welds require repairing, the repair process shall be in accordance with the relevant
regulations specified in 7.2.
7.4.2 The weld repair times at the same area should not be more than 2. If more than 2 times are
required , then before repairing, an approval should be obtained from the technical director of the
fabrication organization, the times, location and the situation of the repair shall be recorded in the
quality certifications.
7.4.3 If the following vessels needs any welding repair a仕er they receives post-weld heat treatment,
the repair pmts shall receive heat treatment again:
a) Vessels storing extreme and high toxic medium;
b) Cr-Mo steel vessels;
c) Low tempera阳re vessels;
d) Vessels with stress corrosion indicated in the drawing.
7.4.4 The welding repair after heat treatment shall get the approval of the user. Except for the
vessels requiring post-weld heat treatment, when the vessel receives repair after heat treatment, ifthe
repair depth is smaller than 113 of the steel thickness ðs and not larger than 13mm, twice post-weld
heat treatment is not permitted. Before repairing the welding, the weld shall be preheated and the
thickness of every weld shall be controlled not larger than 3mm and temper bead shall be adopted.
When both sides of the same weld shall be repaired, the repair depth shall be the sum of the
repair depth of each side.
7.4.5 For the pressure vessels or pressure components requiring special corrosion-resistant requirements,
the corrosion resistance of the repair area shall be assured that it is not weaker than the original
corroslOn reslstance. 15
8 Heat Treatment
8.1 Heat Treatment for the Proper町 Restore ofFormed Pressure Components
8.1.1 If the cold forming steel pressure components of the steel plate shall meet any one of the
following conditions from a) to 时, and their deformation rate exceeds the range specified in Table 4,
then a heat treatment shall be used to restore the properties of the material after the parts are formed.
a) Vessels storing extreme and high toxic medium;
b) Vessels with stress corrosion indicated in the drawing:
c) Carbon steel and low-alloy steel with a thickness greater than 16mm before forming;
d) Carbon steel and low-alloy steel with thinning deduction greater than 10% after forming;
e) Carbon steel and low-alloy steel which are required to be conducted with impact test.~
Table 4 Control Index ofDeformation Rate for Cold Formed Part
Material Carbon steel, low alloy steel and OÚler material Aust巳nitic stainless steel
Defonnation rate /% 5 l53
Calculation of deformation rate:
Uni-axial tension (slIch as cylinder forming, see Figure 12): defonnation rate (%)=500[1 一(Rrl儿,)]lRr
Bia-axial tension (s lIch as head forming, see Figure 12): deformation rate (%)=7So[I - (RdR,,)]/Rr
Where ι--Plate thickness. mm:
R,.一-Radius of middle slIrface after fo口口mg, mm ;
R。一←→Radius ofmiddle surface a1王er forming (it shall b巳 ∞ for flat plate), mm.
" The control value of defo口nation rate is 10% when the design temperature is below 一 100 'C or above 67S 'C
//句↓ J Uni-axial tension
-J Bia-axial tension
Figure 12 Uni-axial Tension and Bia-axial Tension Forming
8.1.2 1n muItiple step cold forming, if intermediate heat treatment is not conducted, the deformation 16
rate of the fonned parts is the sum of the deformation rate of each multiple step fonning; if intennediate
heat treatment is conducted, and then calculate the sum of the defonnation rate of the fonned parts
before and after intermediate heat treatment respectively.
8.1.3 I町f the defo臼rm
t出he p伊ro∞cess shall be conducted with reference t怕o t仙he hea低t t钉rea创矶tmηle阳c创nt conditi钊ions and r阳eqU\r阳ement怡s of
8. 1.1 0nt出he cold foωrm
8.1.4 If the heat treatment status for material supply is damaged by hot forming or warm fonning,
the heat treatment shall be re-conducted to restore the heat treatment status for material supply.
8.1.5 When there is any special requirement for warm forming temperature and the heat treatment to
restore the heat treatment status for material supply, it shall comply with relevant standards, specifications
or design documents ..
8.2 Post-weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
Whether the vessel and its pressure components require post-weld heat treatment depends on the
material, the thickness of welded joints (namely post-weld heat treatment thickness, ðPWHT) and the
design requirements.
8.2.1 The thickness of welded joints shall be determined according to the following specifications:
a) For full penetration butt joints with uniform thickness, the thickness of welded joints is the
steel thickness;
b) For butt weld and fillet weld, the thickness ofwelded joints is the weld thickness;
c) For composite welds, the thickness of welded joints is the larger one of butt weld thickness
and fillet weld thickness;
d) When components with dissimilar thicknesses are welded:
一一-For the butt joints with non-uniform thickness, take the steel thickness of the thinner
component as the thickness of welded joints;
一一-For the Category B welded joints of the shell and pipe plate, f1at head, cover plate and
other similar components, take the shell thickness as the thickness of welded joints;
一-When the connecting pipe are welded with the shell, take the largest one among the
neck thickness of the connecting pipe, shell thickness, stiffening ring thickness and
weld thickness of the connection angle as the thickness of welded joints;
一-When the connection pipe is welded with the f1ange, take the neck thickness of the
connection pipe at the joint as the thickness of welded joints; as for the structure shown
in Figure 7-1g in GB 150 .3 -20ll , take the f1ange thickness as the thickness ofwelded
JO l11ts;
一一-As for the cOJmection structure ofthe inner head shown in Figure D.12 b) in Appendix
D of GB 150.3 -2011 , take the larger one between the cylinder thickness and the head
thickness as the thickness of welded joints;
一一-When non-pressure components and pressure components are welded together, take the
weld thickness as the thickness of welded joints. 17
8.2.2 If one of the following conditions is met, vessels or pressure components shall be conducted
with post weld heat treatment which shall include the attachment weld of the pressure components
and the non-pressure components. The heat treatment technical requirements, when they are prepared,
shall meet the following specifications and necessary measures shall be taken to prevent reheating
cracks due to post-weld heat treatment.
8.2.2.1 Thickness ofwelded joint in accordance with those specified in Table 5.
Table 5 Thickness of呐'elded Joint Requiring Post-weld Heat Treatment
Material Thickness of welded joint
Carbon steel Q345氏, 370R, 265GH, 355CH, 6Mn >32mm
>38mm (weld preheating above 100'C)
。7~缸lMoVR, 07~心lNiVDR, 07MnNiMoDR, 12MnNiVR, 08MnNi- >32mm ,
MoVD. 10Ni3MoVD >38mm (weld preheati吨 above 100'C)
16扎1nDR, 1 6沁1nD >2Smm
>20mm (Iow temperaωre vessel with a design temperature not
below -30'C) 20MnMoD
Arbitrary thickness (Iow temperature vessel with a design
t巳mperature below - 30 'C)
>20mm (Iow temperature vessel with a design temperature not
ISMnNiDR, ISMnNiNbDR, 09MnNiDR, 09MnNiD below - 4S'C)
Arbitrary thickness (Iow temperature vessel with a design
temperature below -4S 'C)
18MnMoNbR, J3MnNiMoR, 20MIÙ'v旬 , 20MnMoNb, 20MnNiMo Arbitrary th ickness
ISCrMoR, 14CrlMoR, 12Cr2Mo1R, 12CrIMoVR, 12Cr2MoIVR,
ISCrMo, 14Cr1 Mo, 12Cr2Mol , 12CrlMoV, 12Cr2MolV, 12Cr3MolV, Arbitrary thickness lCr5Mo
S11306 , S11348 >IOmm
08Ni3DR, 08Ni3D Arbitrary thickness
8.2.2.2 Vessels with stress corrosion indicated in the drawing.
8.2.2.3 Vessels made of carbon steel and low alloy steel storing extreme and high toxic medium.
8.2.2.4 When otherwise specified in relevant standards or drawings.
8.2.3 As for the welded joints between di旺erent steels, whether post-weld heat treatment is required
depends on the steel that require higher heat treatment requirements.
8.2.4 If post-weld heat treatment is needed on austenitic stainless steel and austenitic-ferritic stainless
steel, it shall be in accordance with the specifications of the design documents.
8.2.5 Austenitic stainless steel and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel may not receive heat treatment
unless otherwise specified in the design document.
8.2.6 Post-weld heat treatment requirements
8.2.6.1 The manufacturing organization shall prepared heat treatment process in accordance with the
requirements of the design document and the standard before heat treatment.
18
8.2.6.2 Coalfired furnace shall not be used in the post-weld heat treatment.
8.2.6.3 The annealing device (furnace) shall be equipped with thennometric instrument that can
automatically record the temperature curve and can automatically draw the relation curve between the
time and the wall temperature of the workpiece of the heat treatment.
8.2.6.4 Integral post-weld heat treatment may adopt integral heating method in the furnace or
heating method in the vesse l. On possible occasions, integral heating method in the furnace is favored;
if integral heating is impossible, multistage heating is allowed. In multistage heating, its repetitive
heating length shall not be less than 1500mm and insulation measures shall be taken at the adjacent
parts to ensure the temperature gradient not affect the structure and properties of the material. The
heat treatment shall be conducted in accordance with the specifications of 8.2.7.
8.2.6.5 Category B, C, D, E welded joints, connection joints of spherical head and cylinder and the
rewelding parts are permitted to adopt local heat treatment. The effective heating range of loéal heat
treatment shall meet the following requirements :
a) Add δPW1πor 50mm on the both maximum wide sides of the welded joints. Take the smaller
value;
b) Add ðpWHT or 50mm on the end ofthe repair welded joints. Take the smaller value;
c) When the connecting pipe and the shell are welded together, full circle heating shall be
conducted around the cylinder inc\uding the connecting pipe. Add ðpWHT or 50mm on the weld edges
vertical to the welded joints. Take the smaller value of them.
The effective heating range of local heat treatment shall be kept not to produce injurious
deformation. When the deformation cannot be controlled effectively, the heating range shall be
enlarged, for instance, complete cycle heating is conducted to the cylinder. At the same time, the parts
c\ose to the heating zone shall take insulation measures to ensure the temperature gradient not affect
the structure and properties of the material.
8.2.6.6 When clad steel plate vessels and their pressure components receive heat treatrηent, measures
shall be taken to guarantee the vessels (especially the properties of the clad material) be in accordance
with the operation requirements.
8.2.7 Procedure of post-weld heat treatment
8.2.7.1 The procedure ofthe post weld heat treatments of carbon steel and low-alloy steel shall meet
the following requirements :
a) The furnace temper回ure when the welding palis accesses the furnace must not be higher
than 400'C;
b) When the temperature ofthe welding part has increased to 400o C, the temperature rising rate
of the heating area shall not exceed 5000/ðs "C/h, and it shall not exceed 200 'C/h, and not lower than
50 'C/h;
c) During temperature increasing, the temperature difference within any 4600mm length of the
heating area shall not be greater than 140oC;
d) During temperature maintaining, the temperature di旺erence between the highest and the
lowest should not exceed 80oC; 19
e) The gas atmosphere in heating zone shall be controlled in temperature rise and keeping, to
prevent welding parts surface from overoxidation;
ηWhen the furnace temperature is higher than 400 .C , the tempera阳re cooling speed of the
heating area shall not exceed 7000/ðpWHT .C/h, it shall not exceed 280.C/h, and shall not be lower than 55 .C/h;
g) When the welding parts are taken out of the furnace, the 且lrnace temperature shall not be
higher than 400 .C , the welding palts shall be cooled in still air after being taken out of the furnace.
8.2.7.2 The post weld heat treatments for ferritic stainless steel S 113 06, S 11348 shall be operated
accor训ng to 8.2 .7 .1. As for f) and g), when the temperature is higher than 650.C , the cooling speed
must not be greater than 55 .C/h; when the temperature is below 650.C , the cooIing speed should be
fast.
8.3 Heat Treatment to Improve Material Mechanical Properties
The heat treatment to improve the mechanical properties of the materials shall be conducted
according to the heat treatment technology requirements specified in the design document. The test
plate of heat treatment for base metal shall be conducted in the same furnace with the vessel (or
pressure components) for heat treatment.
8.4 Other Heat Treatments
Where the heat treatment status of the materials is required to be consistent with the heat
treatment stat1.1s ofthe goods s1.1pply, then the heat treatment status when s1.1pplying the goods shall not
be changed during the fabrication , otherwise a heat treatment should be cond1.1cted again.
8.5 Surface Treatment Before and After Heat Treatment
The surfaces of any pressure vessel made of stainless steel and composite steel plate which has
corrosion-resistant requirements shall be 仕ee of sewage and harmful media before the heat treatment.
After conducting heat treatment to components made of such materials according to the requirements
specified in the design drawing, pickling and passivation shall also be carried o1.1t.
9 Test Piece and Test Specimen
9.1 Test Piece ofWelding Product
9.1.1 Preparation conditions for test piece ofwelding product
9.1.1.1 Where a vessel meets one of the following conditions and has a longit1.1dinal welded joint in
Category A, the test piece ofwelding product shall be prepared according to each vessel:
a) Vessels storing extreme and high toxic medium;
b) Vessels made of low-alloy steel with a standard tensile strength which has a lower limit greater
Rm主540MPa;
c) Low temperature vessels;
d) Steel vessels conducted with heat treatment to improve or restore the material properties
during fabrication;
e) Vessels required in the design doc1.1ment to be prepared with test piece ofwelding prod1.1ct.
20
9.1.1.2 Except when it is required in the drawings for the preparation of the forensics ring, the
welded joints in Category B, the welded joints in Category A connecting spherical head and cylinder
are exempt 白'om preparing test piece of welding product
9.1.2 Requirements for the preparing test piece and test specimen ofwelding product
9.1.2.1 For the test piece of welding product, the welding process shall be conducted at the extension
part of the longitudinal weld on the cylindrical segment at the same time with the process conducted
on the cylindrical segment (except spherical vessels).
9.1.2.2 The test piece shall be made of qualified raw materials, and has the same standard, same
designation, same thickness and the same heat treatment status as the vessel materials.
9.1.2.3 The welding ofthe test piece shall be conducted by the welders ofthis pressure vessel, using
the same conditions, process and welding technologies of the welded pressure vessel (including
welding and its heat treatment condition afterwards). Where a pressure vessels has a requirement for
heat treatment, its test piece shal1 go through the heat treatment with the pressure vessel, otherwise
measures shall be taken to ensure that heat treatment for the test piece is conducted according to the
same heat treatment technologies as the pressure vesse l.
9.1.2.4 The dimension and interception of the test piece shall be in accordance with the provisions
specified in NB/T 47016. If an impact test is required, test samples for the impact test shall be
intercepted from the test piece to conduct the impact test
9.1.3 Inspection and qualification of test specimen
9.1.3.1 The inspection and qualification of test specimen shall be in accordance with the requirements
specified in NB/T 47016 and the design document
9.1.3.2 When a corrosion resistance inspection is required, the test specimen sha l1 be prepared and
the test shall be conducted according to relevant standards and design document s and meet the
requirements. Therein, the intergranular corrosion sensitivity inspection on the stainless steel shall be
in accordance with the specifications ofGB/T 21433.
9.1.3.3 For low temperature vessels, unless otherwise specified, the impact test shall cover weld
metal and heat affected zone. The inspection and qualification shall be conducted in accordance with
the test temperature and qualified indexes specified in NB/T 47016 and the design document.
9.1.3.4 The qualified index of the weld metal impact test on austenitic steel is that the impact
absorbing energy shall not be less than 3IJ.
9.1.3.5 When the test specimen qualification results cannot meet the requirements, it shall be allowed
to take samples for reinspection according to the requirements specified in NB/T 47016. Ifthe reinspection
results still cannot meet the requirements, then the product represented by this test specimen shall be
regarded as unqualified.
9.2 Base Metal Heat Treatment Specimen
9.2.1 Preparation conditions of the test piece for the heat treatment of the base metal
9.2.1.1 If one of the following conditions is met, the test piece for the base metal heat treatment
shall be prepared:
21
a) Circumstances where the use state of the heat treatment of the materials and the state of the
heat treatment of the goods supplied are required to be consistent, and the state of the heat treatment
of the goods supplied is changed during the fabrication process, the heat treatment is required to be
conducted again;
b) During the fabrication process, circumstance which requires heat treatment to improve the
mechanical properties ofthe material;
c) For cold forming or warm forming pressure components, circumstances whel、 a仕er forming,
require heat treatment to restore the material properties.
9.2.2 Preparation requirements of the test piece and test specimen for the heat treatment of the
base metal
9.2.2.1 The test piece for the heat treatment of the base metal shall be together with the base metal
in the same fumace to receive heat treatment; when the same fumace heat treatment cannot be provided,
then a heat treatment state which is the same as the base metal shall be simulated.
9.2.2.2 The dimension ofthe test piece may be determined by making reference to the requirements
specified in NB/T 47016. The test piece for the heat treatment of the base metal shall be one test
specimen for the tensile test, one test specimen for the cold-bending test and three test specimens for
the impact test.
9.2.3 Inspection and qualification of test specimen
The tensile test, cold-bending test and impact test ofthe test specimen shall be conducted according
to provisions specified in GB/T 228, GB/T 232, and GB/T 229 respectively, and shall be qualified
according to the requirements specified in GB 150.2 and the design document. If the qualification
results cannot meet the requirements, resampling and retest are permi忧ed. If the retest results still
cannot meet the requirements, then the base metal represented by this test specimen shall be regarded
be unqualified.
9.3 Forensics Ring for Category B Welded Joints
9.3.1 Whether the forensics ring for the Category B welded joints of pressure vessels is required to
be prepared shall be determined according to the provisions specified in the design document.
9.3.2 Forensics rings shall be taken 仕om qualified materials, and has the same steel grade and the
same heat treatment state as the materials of the pressure vesse l. For instance, steel forgings and its
forging level shall also be the same. Where pressure vessels with heat treatment requirement, the
forensics ring shall also be conducted the same heat treatment.
9.3.3 The type, dimension, quantity, interception, test methods and the results evaluation of the test
specimen of the forensic ring shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in the design
document.
9.4 Other Test Piece and Test Specimen
9.4.1 As for vessels or pressure components which are required to undertake corrosion resistance
test, the test pieces for the corrosion resistance test shall be prepared in accordance with the provisions
specified in the design document and carry out inspection and qualification.
9.4.2 According to the requirements in the design document, as for any stud that is required to 22
、.
电'
undertake the mechanical prope此y test after heat treatment, the test specimen for the heat treatment
shall be prepared in batch and shall be carried out with inspection and qualification. Each batch refers
to the same type of studs which are feed at the same time and with the same steel grade, the same
furnace tank number, the same section dimension and the same fabricating process.
9.5 Test Piece in Combined Preparation
Where a pressure vessel is requested to prepare product welding test piece and the base metal
heat treatment test piece at the same time, then the combined preparation of the test pieces may be
conducted when ensuring the representation of both situations.
10 Non-destructive Inspection
10.1 Selection ofNon-destructive Inspection Methods
10.1.1 The butt joints of pressure vessels sha11 be inspected by using the techniques of radiographic
testing or ultrasonic testing, the ultrasonic testing technique including time of f1ight diff1'action technique
(TOFD), 1'ecordable ultrasonic pulse reflection technique and the unrecordable ultrasonic pulse reflection
technique.
10.1.2 When the unreco1'dable ultrasonic pulse reflection technique was used for the detection, the
radiographic testing technique or the time of flight diffraction testing technique shall a1so be used as
an additionallocal inspection.
10.1.3 The surfaces of the welded joints of ferromagnetic pressure vessels shal1 be tested by using
the magnetic pmticle testing technique.
10.2 Implementation Time ofNon-destructive Inspection
10.2.1 The welded joints of p1'essu1'e vessels, afte1' passing the visual inspection on shape and dimension, appearance, sha11 be conducted with non-destructive inspection.
10.2.2 The butt heads after fo1'ming sha11 be conducted with non-destructive inspection.
10.2.3 Mate1'ials having a tendency of delayed crack (such as 12Cr2MolR) shall be conducted with
a non-destructive testing at least 24h after the completion of the welding; materials having a 1'eheat
crack tendency (such as 07MnNiVDR) sha11 be conducted with non-destructive inspection one more
time after the heat treatment.
10.2.4 Low-alloy steel pressure vessels with a standard tensile strength lower limit larger Rn2540MPa, after the pressu1'e test, shall also be conducted with the surface non-destructive inspection to the welded
J0111tS.
10.3 Radiographic Detection and Ultrasonic Detection
10.3.1 Full (100%) radiographic detection and ultrasonic detection
Where p1'essu1'e vessels 0 1' pressure components meet any one of the following conditions,
according to the methods specified in the design document, the fu11 (1 00%) radiographic testing 0 1'
u ltrasonic testing sha11 be conducted to Category A and B welded joints:
a) Category III pressure vessels with design pressure larger than 0 1' equal to 1.6MPa;
b) P1'essure vessels using gas p1'essure test or gas and hydrostatic combined pressure test;
23
c) Pressure vessels with welded joint coefficient as 1;
d) Pressure vessels that are required but unable to be conducted with an internal inspection after
use;
e) Vessels storing extreme and high toxic medium;
。 Low-temperature pressure vessels with design temperature below -40.C or thickness of
we!ded joint larger than 25mm;
g) The we!ded joint thickness of carbon steel, Q345R, Q370R and supporting forgings is larger
than 32mm;
h) The welded joint thickness of 18MnMoNbR, 13 MnNiMoR, 12MnNiVR and the supporting
forgings is larger than 20mm;
i) The welded joint thickness of 15CrMoR, 14CrlMoR, 08Ni3DR, austenitic-ferritic stainless
steel and supporting forgings is larger than 16mm;
j) Vesse!s made of ferritic stainless steel and other Cr-Mo low alloy steel,
的 Low alloy steel vesse! with the lower limit value of standard tensile strength Rm~540MPa;
1) Vessels that must be 100% inspected as stated in the drawing.
Note: For the above mentioned pressure vessels with but! joints between one connection pipe and another connection pipe with
nominal diameter DN注250mm, the insp巳ction requirements for th巳 bun joints of the connection pipe and high neck f1ange are
the same as the inspection requirements for Category A and Category B welded joints
10.3.2 Local radiographic detection or uItrasonic detection
Except fo l' pressure vessels which are not specified in 10 .3 .1 , the Category A and Category B
welded joints shall be conducted with local radiographic detection or ultrasonic detection. The test
method shall be in accordance with the design document. Herein, the test length of the low-temperature
pressure vessel shall not be less than 50% of the length of every welded joint, the test length of non
low-temperature pressure vessels shall not be less than 20% of the length of every welded joint, and
both the above test length va!ues shall not be less than 250mm.
The places in the following a)-e) and the cross place of the weld shall be conducted with 100%
detection . Herein, the test length of the places in a), 的, c) and the cross place of the weld may be
inc1uded into the local detection !ength.
a) All the splicing joints on the convex head that is assembled first and formed later;
b) All the welding joints covered by stiffening ring, support, backing plate and interna!
components;
c) For the non- separate reinforced connecting pipe in accordance with 6. 1.3 of GB 150.3-2011 , the we!ded joints within the range of the minus !ength from the opening center and a!ong the
vessel surface equal to the opening diameter;
d) The butt joints of the built-in connection tube with cylinder or head;
e) The butt joints bearing extemal load between the connection pipes with the nominal diameter
DN2:250mm and the buttjoints between the connection pipe and high neck flange. 24
Note: After conducting the inspection required by this article, the fabrication organization is still responsible for the quality of the
sections which are not inspected. However, if further testing finds a few por巳s which are overstandard defects but do not
endang巳r the safety of the pressure vessel , if such defects are not permitt时, then the full (1 00%) radiographic detection or
ultrasonic detection shall be selected
10.3.3 The test requirements for the butt joints between the connection pipes with nominal diameter
DN<250mm and for the buttjoints between connection pipe and high neck flange shall be in accordance
with those specified in the design document.
10.3.4 For the vessels with cylinders whose diameter doesn't exceed 800mm and the last circumferential
sealing welded joints of heads, single welded butt joints without backing plates shall be adopted.
When radiographic detection or ultrasonic detection is not available, the detection is permitted not to
be conducted, but gas-shielded arc welding be adopted for base coat.
10.4 Surface Inspection
If a welded joint meets any one of the following conditions, then the magnetic particle test or
penetrant test shall be conducted to the surface of the welded joint according to the method specified
in the drawings:
a) For Category A , B, C, D and E welded joints on low-temperature pressure vessels which are
stated in 10.3.1 , the surfaces of defect grinding or welding repai巳 the surfaces of the cutting marks left
at the demolition places of clamping and tie bar;
b) A Il the Category C, D and E welded joints on the pressure vessels stated in i), j), and k) of
10.3.1 ;
c) The dissimilar steel welded joints and the welded joints with a tendency of reheat cracking
or tendency of delayed cracking;
d) The butt joints and fillet joints of austenitic stainless steel and austenitic-ferritic stainless
steel pressure vessels with a steel thickness larger than 20mm;
e) Build-up welding surfaces;
。 Clad welded joints of clad steel plates;
g) The surfaces at the defect grinding or weld repairing place of vessels made of low-alloy
steels and Cr-Mo low-alloy steels with a lower Iimit of standard tensile strength larger Rm2:540MPa
and the surfaces of cutting marks left at the demolition places of clamping and tie bar;
h) The butt joints between the connection pipes with nominal diameter DN<250mm and the
butt joints between the welding neck flange and the connection pipe, on any pressure vessel requires
full radiog1'aphic detection 0 1' ultrasonic detection;
i) All the butt joint on such heads which are assembled first and formed later in the vessels
requiring local radiographic detection or ultrasonic detection;
j) Connecting pipe fillet weld required to be inspected in accordance with the requirements in
the design document.
10.5 Combination Detection
10.5.1 For all Category A and B welded joints of low-alloy steel pressure vessels with a standard 25
tensile strength lower limit Rm~540MPa, if the welded joint thickness is larger than 20mm, then a test
technique which is different from the original non-destructive inspection technique listed in 10.1 shall
be used to carry out local inspection. This inspection shall include all cross areas of welds; meanwhile,
after the pressure test on this type of pressure vessels, the non-destructive inspection shall also be
conducted on the welded joints.
10.5.2 If the welded joints after radiographic detection or ultrasonic detection have unallowable
defec邸, the repair welding shall be conducted after the defects are removed, and this part shall be
tested with original test method till passing the tests .
10.5.3 For welded joints after undergoing through local testing, if any unallowable defects are
discovered, then increase the inspection length at the extended part of both ends of the defect. The
increased length shall be 10% of this welded joint length and shal1 not be less than 250mm. If the
unallowable defect still exists, then a full (l 00%) inspection shall be conducted on this welded joint.
10.5.4 Unallowable defects which are detected by particle test and penetrant test, after any necessary
grinding and welding, shall be retested by using the original test technique until it is qualified.
10.5.5 If it is specified by the design document, combination detection shall be carried out according
to the specifications.
10.6 Technical Requirements for Non-destructive Inspection
10.6.1 Technical requirements for radiographic detection
The radiographic detection on the butt weld joints shall be conducted in accordance with JB/T
4730. See Table 6 for its qualified indexes.
10.6.2 Technical requirements for ultrasonic detection
The ultrasonic detection on the butt weld joints shall be conducted in accordance with JB/T 4730.
See Table 6 for its qualified indexes.
Table 6 Qualified Indexes of Radiographic and Ultrasonic Detection
Detection method Detection technique grade Detection range Qualificat
Category A and Category AII II
Radiographic detection AB Bjoint Local III
Fillet joint, T-shaped joint 11
Category A and Category AII Pulse reflection
Ultrasonic B B joint Local II method
detection Fillet joint, T-shaped joint
TOFD 11
10.6.3 Technical requirements for surface detection
Carry out magnetic particle detection and penetrant detection to welded joints according to JB
4730. The qualified level shall not be lower than Level l.
10.6.4 Technical requirements for combination detection
When the combination adopts radiographic and ultrasonic detection, the quality requirements and
26
qualification grade shall be determined according to the respective standard and they shall all be
qualified.
10.7 Non-destructive Inspection Files
The files of non-destructive inspection for pressure vessels shall be complete; the retention time
of these files shall not be sholter than the design working life of the pressure vessels.
11 Pressure Test and Leakage Test
11.1 Fabricated pressure vessels shall be subject to a pressure test and leakage test according to
those specified in the design document.
11.2 During pressure test and leakage test, if the test pressure is measured with a pressure gauge,
then two calibrated p1'essure gauges with the same 1'ange shall be used. The range of the pressure
gauge shall be 1.5~3 times ofthe test pressure, ideally 2 times ofthe test pressure. The accuracý ofthe
p1'essure gauges shall not be less than Class 1.6; the dial diamete1' shall not be less than 100mm.
11.3 Prior to the testing, the opening reinfo1'cing 1'ing of a pressure vessel shall be checked for its
welded joint quality by feeding in 0.4孔。a~0.5MPa compressed air.
11.4 P1'essure test
11.4.1 The pressure test is divided into hydraulic test, gas pressure test, gas and hydrostatic combined
pressure test, and the pressure test shall be conducted according to the methods specified in the design
document
11 .4.2 The test pressu1'e and necessary strength of the pressure test shall be checked according to
those specified in GB 150 .1 -201 1.
11.4.3 Before the pressure test, the fasteners at the connecting parts of a pressure vessel shall be
fully equipped and propel甘 fastened; any temporary pressure components fitted especially for the
pressure test shall be ensured oftheir safety by taking appropriate measures.
11.4.4 The pressure gauges used for the test shall be installed at the top of the pressure vessel under
test.
11.4.5 During the holding period of pressure test, the pressure must not be continuously increased to
maintain a constant pressure. During the test process, the pressure components must not be equipped
with any fastener or applied with external force under pressure.
11 .4.6 For the repair a仕er a p1'essure test, if the vessel with the repair depth la1'ger than half of the
wall thickness shall be can冗d out with the pressure test again.
11.4.7 The pressure test on multi-cavity pressure vessel which is formed by two (or more than two) pressure chambers shall comply with the requirements of 4.6.l.7 ofGB 150.1-2011 and the requirements
ofthe design document.
11 .4.8 As fo1' the jacketed pressure vessels, the inner cylinder pressure test shall be carried out firstly
until the test is qualified, then the jacket shall be welded and the pressure test inside ofthe jacket shall
be conducted.
11 .4.9 Hydraulic test
11 .4.9.1 Usually use water as the test liquid. After passing the test, the water logging shall be removed 27
cleanly immediately. For austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels, if the water logging cannot be
removed cleanly, the chloride ion content in the water shall be controlled to be no more than 25mglL.
11.4.9.2 If necessary, other test liquids which will not lead to any hazards may also be used, but the
temperature of the liquid during the test shall be lower than the flash point or boiling point of the
liquid and reliable safety measures shall be taken.
11.4.9.3 Test temperature
When conducting hydraulic test on Q345R, Q370R, 07孔也1MoVR pressure vessels, the temperature
of the test liquid shall not be lower than 5 oC; when conducting hydraulic tests on other carbon steel
and low-alloy steel pressure vessels, the temperature of the test liquid shall not be lower than 15 oC;
the temperature of the test liquid for low-temperature pressure vessels during hydraulic test shall not
be less than the temperature of the impact test for the shell material and the welded joints (take the
greater value) plus 20o
C. If the nil-ductility transition temperature of the material is increased due to
the factor of plate thickness, then the test temperature shall be appropriately increased.
When it is supported by test data, then a lower temperature liquid may be used to carry out the
test. But during the test, the test temperature shall be ensured (the metal temperature of the pressure
vessel wall) to be 300C higher than the nil-ductility transition temperature of the wall metal of the
pressure vessel.
11.4.9.4 Test procedures and step
a) Inside the test pressure vessel, any gas shall be completely discharged and the vessel shall be
filled with liquid . During the test process, the observation surface of the test pressure vessel shall be
kept dry;
b) When the metal temperature of the test pressure vessel wall is near to the liquid temperature, then the pressure may be slowly increased to the design pressure, after confirming that there is no
leakage, and then the pressure shall be continuously increased to the required test pressure. The time
to maintain the pressure shall not be shorter than 30min; and then the pressure shall be decreased to
the design pressure and be maintained for adequate time for inspection; the pressure shall remain
unchanged during the inspection.
11.4.9.5 Acceptance criterion for hydraulic test
During the test process, the pressure vessel has no leakage, no visible deformation or abnormal
nO\se.
11 .4.9.6 A仕er hydraulic test, the testing liquid shall be discharged and the vessel inside shall be
blow dry with compressed air.
11.4.1 0 Gas pressure test, gas and hydrostatic combined pressure test
11 .4.10.1 Gas used in the test shall be dry and clean air, nitrogen or other inelt gases; the specifications
of liquid used in the test shall be the same with those ofhydraulic test.
11 .4.10.2 The gas pressure test and the gas and hydrostatic combined pressure test shall be provided
with safety measures, the safety administration department of the test organization shall send personnel
to carry out on-site supervision.
11 .4.10.3 The test pressure and necessary strength check of the pressure test shall be in accordance 28
with those specified in GB 150 .1 -201 1.
11 .4.10.4 The test temperature shall be in accordance with the specifications of 11 .4.9 .3.
11 .4.10.5 During the test, one shall increase the pressure slowly to 10% of the required test pressure,
maintain this temperature for 5min, and conduct initial inspection on all the welded joints and connection
areas; after confirming that no leakage is happening, continue to increase the pressure to 50% of the
required test pressure; if there is no anomaly happening, then increase the pressure at 10% of the
required test pressure in steps until the test pressure is reached , then maintain the pressure for 10min;
and then decrease to the design pressUI飞 maintain the pressure for adequate time for the inspection;
during the inspection period , the pressure shall remain unchanged
11.4.10.6 Acceptance criterion for gas pressure test and gas and hydrostatic combined pressure test
During the process of gas pressure test, the pressure vessel shall have no abnormal sound, have
no gas leakage by using liquid soap 0 1' other leakage detection liquid, and have no visible deformation;
with regard to the gas and hydrostatic combined pressure test, the outer wall of the pressure vessel
shall be kept dr工 the vessel shall be inspected to have no liquid leakage, then shall be inspected by
using soap liquid 0 1' other leakage detection liquid to have no gas leakage, no abnormal sound, and no
visible deformation.
11.5 Leakage test
11 .5.1 Pressure vessels shall pass the pressure test before being carried out with the leakage test.
11.5.2 The leakage test includes airtightness test, ammonia leakage test, halogen leakage test and
helium leakage test. The fabrication organization shall carry out the leakage test according to the
methods and requirements specified in the design document.
11.5.3 Airtightness test
11.5.3.1 The gas used for the airtightness test shall be in accordance with those specified in 11 .4 .10. 1.
11.5.3.2 The test pressure ofthe airtightness test shall be the design pressure ofthe pressure vessel.
11.5.3.3 When testing, the test pressure shall be increased slowly and shall be maintained for
adequate time after it has reached to the required pressure, and all the welded joints and connections
areas shall be carried out with leakage test. The small size pressure vessels may also be tested by
lInmers1l1g 111 water.
11.5.3.4 During the test process, if no leakage is detected, then the pressure vessel shall be regarded
as qualified; if any leakage was detected, then the pressure vessel shall be retested after repairing.
11.5.3.5 Other requirements ofthe airtightness test shall be in accordance with those specified in the reJevant standards .
11.5.4 The requirements and methods for other leakage test shall also meet those specified in
relevant standards.
12 Layered Vessel
The fabrication of layered pressure vessels, apart from meeting the other relevant provisions of
this standard, also shall meet the following requirements. 29
12.1 Forming and Inner Cylinder
12.1.1 The form
cylindrical segment wrapped and concentric integrated wrapped) p严ressure vessel and flat steel ribbon
wound p伊re臼ss饥sure vessel shall be in accordance with those specif白ied in Table 7.
Table 7 Forming Tolerances ofthe Inner Cylinders ofConcentric Wrapped Pressure Vessel and Flat Steel Ribbon
Wound Pressure Vessel mm
Forming tolerance
Align deviation of Category A Edge angle E formed at Category A Oifference between the maximum diameter and the minimum
welded joints (see Figure 3) welded joints (see Figure 5) diameter ofthe sam巳 seclion (see Figure 9)
三 1. 0 三 1.5 三O .4%Di,and 三5
12.1.2 Forming tolerance of single-Iayered cylinder of shrink fit pressure vessels
12.1.2.1 After a single-Iayered cylinder is formed, its intemal diameter shall be measured at upper 气section, middle section and lower section along its axis. The difference between the maximum and
minimum intemal diameter of the same section shall not be larger than 0.5% of the intemal diameter
of the cylinder.
12.1.2.2 The straightness of a single layer circular cylinder is tested with a ruler which the length is
not less than the one of the circular cylinder, by leaning the ruler against the cylinder wall along the
axial direction (the clearance between the ruler and the cylinder wall is not larger than 1.5mm).
12.1.2.3 The surfaces of Category A welded joints are required to be machined or ground, any weld
reinforcement, unfitness, undercut are not allowed to be retained, and the roundness at the joint area
shall be consistent with the cylinder body. The inner sample plate or outer sample plate with chord
length equal to 113 of the internal diameter of this single-Iayered cylinder and no less than 300mm
shall be used for inspection (see Figure 5); the forτned edge angle E shall be in accordance with those
specified in Table 8.
Table 8 Edge Angle Tolerance of Single-Iayered Cylinder of Shrink Fit Pressure Vessel
Edge angle E/mm
nHV
A <,,, -
ρLW
-ρiv
-mu
-21 -r
e-u σES
--I
e-n E-K
Biv-
-HU
--r du-LH 、二
-
c3
0-J
--t
H-E
UEc
m-m
lE
J C
-岛
r--A-m
Fiu
--C
12.1.3 12.1.3 The assembly tolerances of inner cylinders of concentric integrated wrapped
pressure vessels and flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels
12.1.3.1 The align deviation value b (see Figure 3) of Category B welded joints between the inner
cylinders shall not exceed 1.5mm; for the connection between the cylinder and the end f1ange or the
head, its align deviation value shall not exceed 1.Omm.
12.1.3.2 The E edge fonned in the axial direction by the Category B welded joints of an inner
cylinder (see Figure 6), shall be checked by using a ruler with a length not less than 300mm, the E
value shall not be larger than 1.5mm.
12.1.3.3 The straightness tolerance of assembled inner cylinder shall neither be larger than 0.1 % of
the cylinder length nor be larger than 6mm.
30
12.1.4 Welding and heat treatment of inner cylinder
12.1.4.1 Inner cylinder or assembled inner cylinder shall have no undercuts .
12.1.4.2 The external surfaces of Category A, B welded joints of inner cylinders or assembled inner
cylinders shall be machined or ground to reach the smooth transition of the surfaces and the base
metal surfaces.
12.1.4.3 For the Category A welded joints of carbon steel and low-alloy steel inner cylinders of
concentric wrapped pressure vessel as well as the Category A and B welded joints of carbon steel and
low-alloy steel inner cylinders of flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels shall be conducted with
post-weld heat treatment.
12.2 Assembly
12.2.1 Plate wrapping
12.2.1.1 Before wrapping, all rust, oil stain and other debris affecting fitting on the external surfaces
of the inner cylinder, wrapped plates or plates to be used for wrapping shall be removed.
12.2.1.2 The longitudinal welded joints of the inner cylinder and the Category C welded joints of
each layer of plate shall be staggered evenly; the circumferential welded joints of integrated wrapped
pressure vessels and t由he circlωu山n时I
and t巾he mini旧11山i扛mum distance between the circumferential welded joints oft阳wo adjacent pμla耐t臼e lay严yerαrs shall
be la缸rge创r t白han the requ川lÏ remηlents ofthe drawing.
12.2.1.3 Before w1'apping the next laye1' of plate, the welds of the previous layer shall be ground
smoothly.
12.2.1.4 After grinding, the welded joints of each layer of plate shall be carried out with appearance
inspection, and they shall be free f1'om cracks, unde1'cut, and intensive air holes.
12.2.1.5 Every laye1' of plate, afte1' w1'apping, shall pass through the loose area check. With regard to
a p1'essure vessel with the internal diameter of its inner cylinder Dj三1000mm, the length of each loose
a1'ea shall not exceed 30% of the D j along the circumference and shall not exceed 600mm along the
axial direction; with regard to a pressure vessel with the internal diameter of its inner cylinder
Dj> 1 OOOmm, the length of each loose area shall not exceed 300mm along the ci 1'cumference and shall
not exceed 600mm along the axial direction.
12.2.1.6 Every multi-Iayered cylindrical segment plate shall be processed with leakage test hole in
accordance with the requirements of drawings.
12.2.1. 7 The layer plates of mu1ti-layer integral wrapping vessels shall connect the end flange or the
head; all the align deviations shall not be larger than 0.8mm.
12.2.2 Shrink fitting
12.2.2.1 Before operating the shrink fitting, a sandblasting treatment or a shot peening treatment
shall be conducted to each single-layered cylinder to remove rust, oil stain and the debris affecting the
n忧ing between layers.
12.2.2.2 The selection of the heating temperature for shrink fitting operation shall give priority to
not affecting the properties of the steel material. The shrink fitting operation shall rely on the weight
31
of the cylinder to fit into each other, any forceful push down shall not be allowed.
12.2.2.3 During shrink fitting, the Category A joints of each single-Iayered cylinder shall be mutually
staggered; the stagger angle shall not be less than 300.
12.2.2.4 Each shrink fitting cylinder shall be dri11ed with discharge holes according to the requirements
of the drawing.
12.2.2.5 After the grooves on both ends of the shrink fitting cylinder are processed, a feeler gauge
shall be used to check the gap between shrink fitting surfaces. Any one gap area with a radial gap size
above 0.2mm shall not be larger than 0.4% ofthe area ofthe shrink fitting surface. For any gap with a
radial size larger than 1.5mm, welding repair shall be conducted.
Note: Radial gap size refers to the maximum thickness of a feeler gauge which can be squeez巳d into the gap; Gap area refers to the
product of the gap depth along the cylinder axis and the arc length of the gap.
12.2.3 Flat steel ribbon winding
12.2.3.1 After fabricating the inner cylinder of f1at steel ribbon wound pressure vessel, this cylinder
shall undergo a leakage test according to the provisions in 11.5; after passing the leakage test, the f1at
steel ribbon winding shall be carried out. The leakage test pressure shall not be larger than the
calculated value ofFormula (1):
PTi =间? 飞,/
喃自EA
/''飞
Where PTi--The leakage test pressure for the inner cylinder, MPa;
[σ]i一一-The allowable stress in the inner cylinder material at test temperatur飞 MPa;
ði--The wall thickness ofthe inner cylinder, mm;
Ri一→-The inside radius ofthe inner cylinder, mm.
12.2.3.2 Before winding f1at steel ribbon, all rust, oil stain and debris affecting the fitting shall be
removed from the external surfaces ofthe inner cylinder and steel ribbons.
12.2.3.3 The winding process of each layer of f1at steel ribbons shall be conducted according to wound
angle and pre-tensile stress specified in the drawing, and the readings of the force measurement
device shall be recorded . During the winding process of the flat steel ribbons, the actual thickness of
each layer of steel ribbon shall be measured and recorded, and the actual total thickness of actual
thickness of alllayers shall be ensured being larger than the design thickness ofthe steel ribbon layers, otherwise, the layers of steel ribbons shall be increased.
12.2.3.4 Among the steel ribbons at the same layer, the space between any a句acent steel ribbons
shall be evenly distributed and be less than 3mm, any sides of a steel ribbon shall not be cut for
reasons of uneven space
12.2.3.5 Every layer of the steel ribbon, after being wound, shall be carried out with loose area
check. The loose area on each steel ribbon shall not exceed 15% ofthe total area ofthis steel ribbon.
12.2.3.6 The start and tail ends of each steel ribbon layer shall be tightly fitted with the previous
layer, and the ends ofthe steel ribbon shall be welded for a length which is double the ribbon width, in 32
order to strengthen and tighten the ribbon space. The weld of the steel ribbon ends of each layer shall
be ground smooth, and use a 5 times magnifying glasses to carry out inspection to the appearance of
the weld, to check there are no defects such as undercuts, intensive air holes, slag or cracks. When
necessaI卫 a magnetic pm1icle detection or penetration detection may be conducted.
12.2.3.7 Steel ribbons may be chamfered by 45 0 for butt splicing. The splicing length shall not be
less than 500mm; the number of such butt joints on one steel ribbon shall not exceed one and the
number of such butt joints on one steel ribbon shall not exceed three, The butt joints shall adopt the
full penetration structure and also shall be carried out with welding procedure qualification according
to NB/T 47014 before splicing.
12.3 Heat Treatment
12.3.1 As for the concentric wrapped pressure vessel and integrated wrapped pressure vessel, all the
welded joints welded with the wrapping cylindrical segments may not be carried out with post-weld
heat treatment after welding.
12.3.2 After shrink fi忧ing the cylinder of a shrink fit pressure vessel, the stress relief heat treatment
shall be carried out. This step may be car吐ed out together with the post-weld heat treatment.
12.4 Test Piece and Test Specimen
1口2.4 .1 The t臼est p抖ieces for the p严ro刀oduct welding of wra丑apped layered cy川lind出r北al s臼egmη1ent让t P严ressure
vessels shall include the inner cylinder welding test piece and plate layer welding test piece. The
welding test piece of plate layer shall be welded at the extended part of the weld of Category C joints
at a ce11ain layer. At the weld root of the test piece, the subplate having the same material and
thickness as the plate layer shall be padded.
12.4.2 The inner cylinders of multi-layer wrapped pressure vessels and f1at steel ribbon wound vessels
(except the inner cylinders made of steel pipe) shall be prepared with product welding test piece.
12.5 Non-destructive Inspection
12.5.1 The splice joints of the layer plate, the Category A welded joints of the inner cylinders of
wrapped layered cylindrical segment pressure vessels, the Category A welded joints of the single
layered cylinders of shrink fit pressure vessels, the Category A and Category B welded joints of the
inner cylinders of integrated wrapped pressure vessels, the welded joints connecting each layer of
plates and the end f1anges or spherical heads, the longitudinal and circumferential welded joints of the
plate at the most outside layer, the Category A and Category B welded joints of the inner cylinders of
f1at steel ribbon wound pressure vessels shall be carried out with a full (1 00%) radiographic testing or
ultrasonic testing, and shall conform to the provisions in 10.6.
12.5.2 As for the Category C welded joints of the layer plates of concentric wrapped pressure
vessels with the standard tensile strength lower limit Rm2:540MPa, their surfaces shall be conducted
with 100% magnetic particle detection or penetrant detection, and shall conform to the provisions in
10.6.
12.6 Pressure Test and Leakage Test
12.6.1 The pressure test and final leakage test of multi-layered pressure vessels shall be consistent
with the requirements of Chapter 11 and the design document.
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12.6.2 The pressure test for flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels shall meet the requirements in
11 .4, moreover, in the pressure test; the perimeter of the cylinder at the location of 800mm from the
end weld ofthe most outside layer of steel ribbon shall be measured.
Two groups of measured values shall be taken during the test process, the first group shall take
the measured values at three positions under a zero pressure state before the pressure test; and the
second group shall take the measured values at three positions under the specified test pressure, aftel
the pressure reaching the specified test pressure and be kept for at least 5min during the pressure test. The average value em of the measured perimeter elongation at the 3 positions shall be calculated and
also shall be compared with the theoretical perimeter elongation eth of the single-layered same size
cylinder as calculated according to the following formula, and the ratio of em and eth being between
0.6~ 1.0 will be accepted.
CaJculation ofthe circumferential theoretical elongation e(h ofthe same size single-layered cylinder:
e -1 O.68Ro l飞Rfth-Em(R;-Rf)
(2)
Where eth一一-The circumferential theoretical elongation of the same size single-layered cylinder, mm;
R。一一-The outside radius ofthe cylinder, mm;
P,一一-The test pressure of the pressure test for flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessel,
MPa;
Ri一一-The inside radius ofthe cylinder, mm;
Em一一一The elastic modulus of the materials under the test temperature of pressure test,
MPa;
12.6.3 The flat steel ribbon pressure vessel, after passing the pressure test and leakage test, shall be
welded with a protection shell according to the requirements of the drawing.
13 Exfactory Requirements for Vessels
13.1 Exfactory Information
13.1.1 The fabrication organization shall provide the purchaser with exfactory information; If there
are some special requirements for the utilization of the vessels, operation instruction shall be provided.
13.1.2 The exfactory information shall at least include the following parts:
a) General completion drawing ofthe vessel;
b) The product quality certificate ofthe vessel (including product data table);
c) Product quality documentary evidence (including the quality certificate of the materials for
main pressure components, materials list, the quality documentary evidence of such purchased parts
as heads and forgings , the quality plan and inspection plan, the structural size inspection report, the
welding record, the non-destructive testing report, the heat treat:ment report and automaticallY recording
curves, the pressure test report and leakage test report, the technical information on assembling and
welding and quality the on-site assembled and welded pressure vessels, etc.); 34
d) The rubbing copy and photocopy ofthe product nameplate;
e) Manufacture supervision inspection celiificate on special equipment (for pressure vessels
which require supervision and inspection);
。 Pressure vessel design documents (including the strength calculation note or the stress analysis
report, the risk assessment report required by relevant specifications and other necessary design
documents).
13.2 Nameplate
13.2.1 The nameplate of a pressure vessel shall be fixed at a clearly visible location, but the nameplate
of a low-temperature pressure vessel cannot be directly riveted onto the shell.
13.2.2 A nameplate shall include at least the following content:
a) Product name;
b) Name of manufacturing organization;
c) License No. /Grade ofthe manufacturing organization;
d) Product standard;
e) Main materials;
。 Medium name;
g) Design temperature;
h) Design pressure or maximum allowable operating pressure (when it is necessary);
Pressure of pressure test;
Production code number
k) Device code;
Manufacturing date;
m) Pressure vessel type;
Volume (heat exchange area).
13.3 Coating and Transport Package for Pressure Vessels
The coating and transport packaging of pressure vessels shall be in accor由nce with those specified
in JB/T 4711 and the requirements of the design documents.
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