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Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 1
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 2
Function of Reactor Multi-Point Temperature Sensing Measure catalyst bed inlet differential temperature (CT) to ensure proper distribution
Maintain precise process temperature for optimal conversion
Ensure proper quench in conversion reactions similar to hydro-cracking operations and severe hydro-treating units
Indicate temperature excursions in high temperature / high pressure reactors
Protect reactor vessel wall integrity
Protect catalyst integrity
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 3
WIKA Multi-Point DesignsCased (Protection Tube)
Bi-metallic/Steel Alloy spring loaded
Heat transfer block
Bi-metallic spring/Steel Alloy spring loaded with support strap
Free-Hanging With or without guide tubes
Mi Cable primary pressure boundary
Fast response
Design Codes of Conformance For temperature and pressure:
ASME Section VIII Division 1 for category H fittings
ASME B31.3 Piping Code
For thermocouple integrity and conformance:
ASTM 14.03 Sections E230, E585, E608 & E780
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 4
Cased Multi-Point Designs
Bi-Metallic Spring Loaded
Heat Transfer Block
Spring Loaded with Support Strap
Options Include: Pointed tip machined from bar stock
Variety of alloy steels to suit process conditions
Cooling fins to dissipate convected and conducted heat from terminations
Secondary Pressure containment in the event of a primary pressure boundary failure
Individual sensor replacement during production with heat transfer block design (Spring loaded designs involve complete multi-point sensor removal from tube)
Sleeve design allowing for multi-point tube movement without deformation of tube
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 5
Cased Multi-PointWith Heat Transfer Blocks and Pointed tip
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 6
Cased Multi-PointWith Expansion Sleeve and Secondary Pressure Containment
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 7
Cased Multi-PointWith Mechanical Reinforcement Attachments
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 8
Cased Multi-PointWith Mechanical Support Tube, Vented for Fast ResponseIncluding Secondary Pressure Containment
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 9
Cased Multi-PointWith Cooling Fins and Pointed Tip, External to Protection Tube for Faster Response to Temperature Changes
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 10
Free-Hanging Multi-Point Designs
Flexible for longitudinal & cross sectional temperature measurement
Options include: Close coupled or remote mounted terminations
Heavy or double-wall MI Cable for extra resistance
to process medium
Secondary pressure containment
Top or side mount
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 11
Free-Hanging Multi-PointWith Secondary Pressure Containment with Visual Indication
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 12
Includes reducing adaptor to suit vessel nozzle
Free-Hanging Multi-PointWith Secondary Pressure Containment with Block & Bleed
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 13
Designed for top or side mounting where space
restrictions apply.
Free-Hanging Multi-PointWith Angled Secondary Pressure Containment
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 14
Free-Hanging Multi-PointWith Guide Tubes for Extra Mechanical/Corrosion Protection
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 15
Free-Hanging Multi-Point Thermocouple Advantages
Reduces the number of external skin thermocouples
Resistance to extensive pressure build-up in hydro-cracking applications
Fast response
Multiple locations
Mirror image thermocouple patterns allow operator to see channelling, coke balls or improper temperature distribution
Optional secondary pressure containment
Greater number of thermocouples for multi-point assembly reduces number of nozzles required for identical number of sensing points
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 16
Mineral Insulated (MI) Cable for Free-Hanging Multi-Point Designs Multiple MI cable sizes available to meet application requirements
0.236″ (6 mm) – greatest number of thermocouples through a single flange
5/16″ (7.5 mm) – industry standard for free-hanging design
3/8″ (10 mm) – for most severe service when reliability is a premium
Variety of other diameters available upon request
Available in various alloys to meet the specifications of the reactor process
Special tools not required for large radius bends
Tube-bending tool advisable for final 90 degree bend
and any other tight radius bending required
Thermocouple with 90° Bend
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 17
Mineral Insulated (MI) Cable Sheath & Conductors
Standard wall 0.040″ (1.0 mm)
Reactor heavy wall 0.050″ (1.3 mm) sheath with 16 AWG conductors also available
Optional double-wall sheath available for additional safety, durability and reliability
Standard 0.040″ (1.0 mm) wall thickness with a second 0.040″ (1.0 mm) sheath
Standard Wall
Heavy Wall
Double Wall
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 18
Free-Hanging Multi-Point Design Features
Pressure Feed-Through Sleeve Design Eliminates localized heat build-up during
welding process preventing distortion of fittings
Heat transferred away from thermocouple sheath during welding procedure
Eliminates possible damage through overheating to MI cable sheath during construction of assembly
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 19
Free-Hanging Multi-Point Design Features
Secondary Pressure Containment Secondary Pressure Containment
engineered to suppress process in unlikely event of primary pressure boundary failure
Indication provided to operator regarding breech either AROUND or THROUGH the Mineral Insulated (MI) cable sheath
Optional WIKA pressure gauge/transmitter for visible identification on containment chamber
Optional double-flange design allows for access to safety containment chamber during reactor shutdowns
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 20
Safety
Features Include: Eliminates exposure risk
Process fluids unable to migrate to junction box
Block & Bleed valve designed to bleed-off trapped hydrogen or process fluids
Compromised thermocouples do not require capping with a pressure fitting
Localized indication of primary pressure boundary failure
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 21
Junction Box
Features Include: Stainless steel, weatherproof/corrosion resistant
Direct or remote mounted
Easy access to terminals or transmitters
All thermocouple terminal connections individually identified
Cable entry connection to suit customer requirements
Available as explosion proof (EExd) or general purpose (NEMA/IP Rating)
Other materials available including cast steel and cast aluminum
Terminal strips or din rail mounting options available
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 22
Reactor Design Considerations with Free-Hanging Style Multi-points
Fewer penetrations into the reactor vessel for thermometry
Fewer nozzles translates into reduced thermometry expense
Ease of vessel design
Greater structural integrity of the vessel
Nozzles can be top or side mounted to the vessel
Superior process information for enhanced design operations
Reduced exposure risk
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 23
Measurement Design Considerations with Free-Hanging Style Multi-points Significant increase of thermocouple points results in a lower cost than using
traditional cased style designs
Total number of thermocouple points determined by nozzle size and thermocouple diameter
All designs and thermocouple locations are reviewed with the customer to ensure optimum efficiency
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 24
Testing of Multi-Points
Include: Pressure testing (hydrostatic &
pneumatic) up to 10,000 psi
Liquid penetrant inspection (LPI)
Positive Material Identification (PMI)
Radiography (RT)
Ultrasonic (UT)
Sensor calibration
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 25
Installation
Designed to be routed around the inner circumference of the vessel, then projected inward to the sensing positions
Reduces both channelling effects and interference with nozzle flow patterns
Base support
Hanging support (sidewall bracket)
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 26
Sensor Routing Example
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 27
Free-Hanging Multi-Point Support Bracket
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 28
Base Support Structure Example
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 29
Reactor Vessel - Typical Point Locations
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 30
Reactor Vessel – Typical Routing and attachment with Expansion Loop
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 31
North American Sales Offices
Edmonton, AB* (Head Office)Tel: (780) 463-7035
Fax: (780) 462-0017Burnaby, BCTel: (604) 299-3855
Fax: (604) 299-4566
Website: www.wika.com Email: [email protected]
Oakville, ONTel: (905) 337-1611
Fax: (905) 337-2716
Calgary, ABTel: (403) 237-5960
Fax: (403) 264-0095
Saskatoon, SKTel: (306) 664-1105
Fax: (306) 244-4084
Sarnia, ONTel: (519) 344-1339
Fax: (519) 344-3824
Montreal, QCTel: (514) 332-0330
Fax: (514) 332-4292
Deer Park, TXTel: (713) 475-0022
Fax: (713) 475-0011
* WIKA flexible multi-point manufacturing facilities
Grande Prairie, ABTel: (780) 357-0386
Fax: (780) 357-0389
Fort McMurray, ABTel: (780) 791-9995
Fax: (780) 743-2296
Quebec City, QCTel: (418) 952-7779
Fax: (514) 332-4292
Pressure and Temperature Measurement
Reactor Presentation / Page 32