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Press kit
Deutsches Historisches Museum
Press Officer
Boris Nitzsche
Unter den Linden 2
10117 Berlin
T +49 30 20304‐410
F +49 30 20304‐412
www.dhm.de
The exhibition “Multicultural. Germany, a country of immigration” in the Deutsches Historisches Museum 21 May to 16 October 2016 An exhibition of the Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Foundation in the Deutsches Historisches Museum
The debate about migration is currently approaching a new climax, but
immigration and its consequences are not a new phenomenon in Germany. From
21 May to 16 October 2016 the exhibition “Multicultural. Germany, a country of
immigration” in the Deutsches Historisches Museum charts the historical course of
recent migration movements in Germany, from the arrival of guest workers in the
1960s to the migration of refugees today. It explores the traces of the concomitant
transformation of society as well as the discussions and social tensions that these
developments have caused.
With around 800 objects the exhibition sheds light on the different facets and
stages of immigration and on its very different faces and the stories behind it, from
the motorbike for the one‐millionth guest worker and the costume of the first
black carnival prince to the gas bottles of the failed railway plot of the “Suitcase
Bombers of Cologne”. The exponents testify to the variety of everyday cultures
and ideologies, to the changes in dealing with migration, but also to conflicts and
acts of violence. The exhibition examines the discussion about integration and
assimilation, identity and nationality, interaction with foreign cultures and
religions and national identity, and at the same time looks into parallel societies,
xenophobia and Islamophobia.
“Multicultural. Germany, a country of immigration” is an exhibition of the Haus der
Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Foundation, which the Deutsches
Historisches Museum expands to include positions taken towards the current wave
of refugees. Thus the exhibition “Multicultural” builds on the previous exhibitions
“Germany. A Country of Immigration: Migrations 1500/2005” and “Germany. A
Country of Immigrants: The Huguenots”, which the Deutsches Historisches
Museum presented in 2005/2006. Supplementing the exhibition will be a
programme of events and discussions and a richly illustrated companion book.
Deutsches Historisches Museum
Press Officer
Boris Nitzsche
Unter den Linden
Berlin
T + ‐
F + ‐
www.dhm.de
Multicultural Germany a Country of Immigration
Introduction
One in five Germans has family roots abroad. Immigrants start to arrive in ,
seeking work, refuge or a better life.They transform German society economically,
politically and culturally.
During the economic miracle, West Germany recruits labour primarily in southern
Europe. Many guest workers are not just temporary visitors but later take up
permanent residence. They have to find their place in their new home.
The GDR hires workers from Socialist countries. Official propaganda highlights
training as the goal of their temporary stay. In fact, the workers often perform only
monotonous and undemanding tasks. Their daily lives are strictly regimented; they
have little contact with Germans.
The collapse of Communist rule in the late s brings an influx of ethnic German
resettlers from Eastern Europe to the Federal Republic of Germany. At the same
time, the number of asylum‐seekers grows. Many Germans are unsettled by these
developments. This leads to xenophobic acts of violence.
Globalisation and demographic change prompt politicians to reassess the
situation: they regard Germany as a country of immigration and make greater
efforts to foster integration. Cultural diversity triggers conflicts but is also
considered an enrichment.
Deutsches Historisches Museum
Press Officer
Boris Nitzsche
Unter den Linden
Berlin
T + ‐
F + ‐
www.dhm.de
Multicultural Germany, a Country of Immigration
Topics Guest Workers
The Federal Republic of Germany has been recruiting foreign labour for industry
since . When a recruitment ban is introduced in , there are . million
guest workers in Germany, accounting for . % of the workforce.
The first recruitment agreement with Italy is followed by arrangements with
Spain, Greece, Turkey, Morocco, South Korea, Portugal, Tunisia and Yugoslavia
from to . Politicians hope for economic advantages and a stabilisation of
the sending States.
Work contracts are initially limited to one year. Guest workers frequently
undertake hard jobs which expose them to health risks and danger. By , over
million people have taken up the offer, some returning to Germany several
times.
They want to earn as much as possible in a short time so that they can build a
better life back home. But many remain permanently in Germany.
A New Home Abroad
The foreign population of West Germany continues to grow despite the
recruitment ban in . Guest workers take up permanent residence and
increasingly bring their family members to join them.
Many families move into urban districts where friends and relatives already live
and accommodation is affordable. They found clubs and religious communities in
which they maintain their traditions.
Yet they often have conflicting allegiances, torn between bonds with their country
of origin and the demands of life in their new home. Language and education
deficiencies, unemployment and prejudices against foreigners make integration
into German society more difficult. Many children lack skills and prospects.
Germany’s foreign citizens therefore demand greater political and social
participation. They achieve increasing success in Germany in the business and
creative sectors.
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Reluctant Country of Immigration
In the s, Federal German politicians decide to limit further immigration. But
the number of resettlers and asylum‐seekers rises after the political upheavals in
Eastern Europe.
The Voluntary Repatriation Act of offers guest workers financial incentives to
return. Prejudice against foreigners is widespread among the general public in
West Germany.
Resettlers from Eastern Europe and the USSR are politically welcome as ethnic
Germans. Funds are made available to facilitate their integration into society.
Many see the growing influx of asylum‐seekers as a serious threat to social peace.
CDU/CSU, FDP and SPD finally agree in to restrict the basic right to asylum.
Far‐right parties benefit from this political climate and score sporadic election
successes. Right‐wing extremists shock immigrants and Germans alike with the
violence of their attacks.
Foreigners in the GDR
Foreigners constitute a small minority in the German Democratic Republic,
accounting for % of the population in . Their period of residence is usually
limited.
In the mid‐ s, the GDR starts targeting its recruitment efforts at foreign labour.
Initially, these “contract workers” come largely from the “brother states” Poland
and Hungary; by the late s also from overseas, above all Vietnam,
Mozambique, Cuba and Angola. The SED regime deploys them in factories,
especially for heavy and monotonous work because indigenous labour is in short
supply. They stay for a maximum of five years and live in isolated workers’
dormitories.
The social and economic situation of foreign workers in the GDR contradicts the
official propaganda which emphasises international solidarity.
The Federal Republic is Transformed
The number of immigrants to Germany rises. Evolving into a country of
immigration poses increasingly new tasks for the State.
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Since , the nationality law has granted German citizenship to children born in
Germany to foreign parents who are long‐term residents. By adopting the
Immigration Act of , the State undertakes to foster integration.
Federal German society is ageing. Industry has a mounting demand for well‐
trained skilled workers. There is a growing general realization that immigration is
essential.
A New Germany?
German society becomes multicultural. Many regard the diversity of lifestyles and
beliefs as an enrichment. But it also leads to tension and conflicts, even to
xenophobic acts of violence.
How is the immigration society structured? What rights does the individual have?
What is the basis for social cohesion? Our Constitution guarantees individual
freedom. It is left to the individual to decide how to lead his or her life within this
framework.
But what happens when there is a clash between different values and rights in
society? How many cultural and social differences can our civic community
withstand? The State and society must continually reach agreement on the
common foundations and rules of co‐existence.
Deutsches Historisches Museum
Press Officer
Boris Nitzsche
Unter den Linden 2
10117 Berlin
T +49 30 20304‐410
F +49 30 20304‐412
www.dhm.de
Multicultural Germany, a country of immigration
Programme of events The German Historical Museum reinforces and broadens the topic of the exhibition
by means of special tours, a panel discussion about Germany as a country of
emigration as well as a retrospective of the works of the Iran‐born filmmaker
Sohrab Shadhid Saless.
Panel discussion
Monday, 4 July 2016, 7.30 pm
Schlüterhof, free admission
Germany, a country of emigration
Kick‐off speech by Dr. Adrian Daub, Associate Professor of German Studies,
Stanford University
Panel members
Dr. Thomas de Maizière, Federal Minister of the Interior, Berlin
Prof. Dr. Dr. Gunnar Heinsohn, demographer, Danzig
Dr. Christina Kehl, co‐founder, Knip AG, Zürich
Germany is a country of emigration. 55 million Americans have German roots. The heroes of the young Federal Republic were, though not voluntarily, emigrants: Willy Brandt, Albert Einstein, “La Dietrich” or, for example, Thomas Mann. Today Germans leave their relatively prosperous and democratic native country of their own accord. Around 300,000 German migrants live in Switzerland alone. It is therefore all the more astonishing that Germany, summa summarum, has a largely indifferent attitude towards its emigrants. It appears that emigration – and this is a historical paradox – plays hardly any role in German self‐understanding.
Special edition of NZZ‐Podium Berlin, the series of events of the Neue Zürcher Zeitung in Germany. A cooperation with the Deutsches Historisches Museum.
Limited seating, application required under: www.podium‐berlin.nzz.ch
Film programme
Retrospective Sohrab Shahid Saless
The Zeughauskino is screening a retrospective of the works of Sohrab Shahid Saless, organised in cooperation with the Munich Film Museum. Born in Iran in 1944, Shahid Saless studied in Vienna and Paris in the 1960s and then made a number of short films and two feature‐length films in Iran that were celebrated at numerous international film festivals. In 1975 he emigrated to West Germany, where he directed 13 further films. He spent the last years of his life in the USA, where he died in 1998. Every single station in the life of Sohrab Shahid Saless was coupled with struggles that often threatened his very existence.
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Tuesday, 31 May 2016, 8 pm Zeughauskino Yek etefaghe sadeh A Simple Event IR 1974, 80’ • 35 mm, O with Engl. Subt. Introduction: Farschid Ali Zahedi
Wednesday, 1 June 2016, 8 pm Zeughauskino Tabiate bijan Still Life IR 1974, 93’ • 35 mm, O with Engl. Subt.
Friday, 3 June 2016, 9 pm Zeughauskino Dar ghorbat In der Fremde FRG/IR 1974, 91’ • 35 mm, O with German Subt.
Saturday, 4 June 2016, 8 pm Wednesday, 8 June 2016, 7.30 pm Zeughauskino Utopia FRG 1982, 198’ • 35 mm
Sunday, 5 June 2016, 7 pm Friday, 10 June 2016, 7 pm Zeughauskino Die langen Ferien der Lotte H. Eisner FRG 1979, 60’ • DigiBeta
Saturday, 11 June 2016, 7 pm Sunday, 26. June 2016, 6 pm Zeughauskino Grabbes letzter Sommer FRG 1980, 204’ • BetaSP
Tuesday, 14 June 2016, 8 pm Friday, 17 June 2016, 9 pm Zeughauskino Reifezeit FRG 1975, 111’ • BetaSP
Thursday, 16 June 2016, 8 pm Saturday, 18 June 2016, 7 pm Zeughauskino Anton P. Cechov – Ein Leben FRG 1981, 95’ • BetaSP
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Saturday, 18 June 2016, 9 pm Friday, 24 June 2016, 8 pm Zeughauskino Der Weidenbaum FRG/ČSSR 1984, 100´ • BetaSP
Sunday, 19 June 2016, 7 pm Zeughauskino Hans – Ein Junge in Deutschland FRG/F/ČSSR 1985, 148’ • BetaSP
Tuesday, 21 June 2016, 8 pm Thursday, 30 June 2016, 8 pm Zeughauskino Empfänger unbekannt FRG 1982, 86’ • BetaSP
Wednesday,22 June 2016, 8 pm Saturday, 25 June 2016, 8 pm Zeughauskino Ordnung FRG 1980, 96’ • 16 mm
Wednesday, 29 June 2016, 8 pm Zeughauskino Wechselbalg FRG 1987, 135’ • BetaSP
www.zeughauskino.de
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Tours
Overview tour (German) Tuesday, 2 pm
English Tour Friday, 2 pm
Special tours
Saturday, 21 May 2016, 11 am, 12 noon, 7 pm (German) Saturday, 21 May 2016, 1 pm (English) On the occasion of the Day of Cultural Diversity
Sunday, 22 May 2016, 1 pm (German) On the occasion of International Museum Day
Sunday, 22 May 2016, 3 pm (Arabic) Multaka – Meeting place Museum
Monday, 20 June 2016, 4 pm (German), 1 pm (English) On the occasion of World Refugee Day
Wednesday, 7 September 2016, 1 pm Wednesday, 5 October 2016, 1 pm Tours for the blind and visually impaired
Wednesday, 1 July 2016, 6 pm (German) Wednesday, 10 August 2016, 6 pm (English) Wednesday, 14 September 2016, 6 pm (German) Tours within the framework of the Wednesday series Free admission
Bookable group tours
Offers for school classes Grades 5–13 Tours 60 minutes 1 €
Application under: [email protected] Tel.: +49 (0)30‐20304‐750 Fax: +49 (0)30‐20304‐759
Download press photos: www.dhm.de/presseThe press photos may be used exclusively for current reporting within the framework of the above-mentioned exhibition and only with complete indication of the source.
PRESS IMAGES
MulticulturalGermany, a country of immigration 21 May to 16 October 2016
After years of controversy about the precepts of the Koran, Emel Zeynelabidin lays away her headscarf.© Photo: Haus der Geschichte/ Axel Thünker
4
The artist Giocomo Sferlazzo built the sculpture “Santa Cecilia dei Morti in Mare” out of pieces of wreckage washed up on the beach. It recalls the many refugees who lost their lives at sea in their attempt to reach Europe.© Giacomo Sferlazzo/ Photo: Haus der Geschichte/ Axel Thünker
1 At the beginning of the 1970s, Workers’ Welfare Association, Caritas and the Christian social welfare organisation Diakonie seek support for (language) assistance for the children of guest workers.© Historisches Museum Hannover
2
In this caricature from the 1970s, the caricaturist Klaus Pielert plays on the inhabitants’ fears and discussions.© Klaus Pielert/ Haus der Geschichte
3
Download press photos: www.dhm.de/presseThe press photos may be used exclusively for current reporting within the framework of the above-mentioned exhibition and only with complete indication of the source.
PRESS IMAGES
MulticulturalGermany, a country of immigration 21 May to 16 October 2016
In his film, director Fatih Akin shows the problems of a young Turkish woman who has grown up in Germany and enters into a marriage of convenience in order to conform with the moral tenets of her family.© Photo: Haus der Geschichte/ Axel Thünker
8
In the years 1988/89, only Vietnamese contract workers worked in production in the men’s fashion company VEB Herrenmode Dresden; only the forewomen are Germans.© Photo: Matthias Ritschel, 1988
5 In 1990, the Federal Constitutional Court declared universal suffrage for foreigners to be unconstitutional. In 1992, foreigners from EU states are given the right to vote in local elections in the Federal Republic of Germany.© Photo: Haus der Geschichte/ Axel Thünker
6
Caricature by Greser & Lenz© Greser & Lenz7
Download press photos: www.dhm.de/presseThe press photos may be used exclusively for current reporting within the framework of the above-mentioned exhibition and only with complete indication of the source.
PRESS IMAGES
MulticulturalGermany, a country of immigration 21 May to 16 October 2016
In 2006, the city of Berlin promoted the idea of getting German citizenship.© Photo: Haus der Geschichte/ Axel Thünker
12
In 1982, the artist Guido Messer designed the sculpture “The Foreigner” for the community of Reichenbach. Discussions in the local council pre-vented it from being installed. From 1989 on it can be seen in the Ober-türkheim railway station – at first only under the title “The Traveller”.© Guido Messer/ Photo: Haus der Geschichte/ Axel Thünker
9 In 1964, Armando Rodrigues de Sà was presented with this Zündapp Combinette as the one-millionth guest worker to come to the Fede-ral Republic of Germany.© Photo: Haus der Geschichte/ Axel Thünker
10
In 1962, Cornelia Froboess sang about “Two little Italians” who “dreamed of Napoli and wanted to be home”. The pop song was Germany’s entry for the 1962 European Song Contest.© Photo: Haus der Geschichte/ Axel Thünker
11
Deutsches Historisches Museum
Press Officer
Boris Nitzsche
Unter den Linden
Berlin
T + ‐
F + ‐
www.dhm.de
Multicultural Germany, a country of immigration
Data and Facts
Venue Deutsches Historisches Museum
Exhibition Hall
Duration May to October
Opening hours daily am– pm
Admission Free admission up to age
Day ticket €, reduced €
Information
Deutsches Historisches Museum
Unter den Linden | Berlin
Tel. + ‐ | E‐mail: [email protected]
Internet www.dhm.de/ausstellungen
Exhibition surface area m², st upper floor of the Exhibition Hall
Number of objects Approx. exponents
Exhibition team Haus der
Geschichte der Bundesrepublik
General Manager Prof. Dr. Hans Walter Hütter
Head of Exhibitions Jürgen Reiche
Head of Project Ulrich Op de Hipt
Project group Adnan Akyüz, Bernd Lindner, Fabian Mainzer,
Hanno Sowade, Helene Thiesen
Exhibition design Atelier Schubert, Stuttgart
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Exhibition team Deutsches
Historisches Museum
Director of the Department Ulrike Kretzschmar
Head of Project Dorlis Blume
Organisers An exhibition of the Foundation Haus der
Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland,
Bonn in the Deutsches Historisches Museum
Patron of the Deutsches
Historisches Museum
The Federal Government Commissioner for
Culture and the Media
Publication Immer bunter. Einwanderungsland Deutschland (in German)
, € pages, illustrations
ISBN: ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
