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Presidential Power
Presidential Power
What does the president do?
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Other Descriptions
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Executive Branch
Other Descriptions
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Executive Branch
Other Descriptions Chief Executive
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Executive Branch
Other Descriptions
Chief ExecutiveChief Administrator
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Executive Branch
Other Descriptions
Chief ExecutiveChief Administrator
Constitution • “executive power”
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
Article IISECTION 1The executive Power shall be vested in a President of theUnited States of America.
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Executive Branch
Other Descriptions
Chief ExecutiveChief Administrator
Constitution • “executive power”• receiving reports
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
SECTION. 2.. . . he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, . . .
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Executive Branch
Other Descriptions
Chief ExecutiveChief Administrator
Constitution• “executive power”• receiving reports• appointment
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
SECTION. 2.. . . and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.
Presidential Power
Presidential Power
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Executive Branch
Other Descriptions
Chief ExecutiveChief Administrator
Constitution• “executive power”• receiving reports• appointment
Non-Constitution • executive privilege
Presidential Power
executive privilege - the power claimed by the President of the United States and other members of the executive branch to resist certain subpoenas and other interventions by the legislative and judicial branches of government
U.S. v. Nixon
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Executive Branch
Other Descriptions
Chief ExecutiveChief Administrator
Constitution• “executive power”• receiving reports• appointment
Non-Constitution • executive privilege• 2.8 million employees
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Executive Branch
Other Descriptions
Chief ExecutiveChief Administrator
Constitution• “executive power”• receiving reports• appointment
Non-Constitution • executive privilege• 2.8 million employees, 15 depts.
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Executive Branch
Other Descriptions
Chief ExecutiveChief Administrator
Constitution• “executive power”• receiving reports• appointment
Non-Constitution• executive privilege
• 2.8 million employees, 15 depts.• Cabinet, EOP, White House Staff
Presidential PowerThe Obama Cabinet
Presidential Power
15 Cabinet SecretariesWhite House Chief of StaffEnvironmental Protection Agency (Administrator)Office of Management & Budget (Director)United States Trade RepresentativeUnited States Ambassador to the United NationsCouncil of Economic Advisers (Chairman)
The Obama Cabinet
Presidential Power
Presidential PowerThe Executive Office of the President
The following entities exist within the Executive Office of the President:
Council of Economic AdvisersCouncil on Environmental QualityNational Security Council and Homeland Security CouncilOffice of AdministrationOffice of Management and BudgetOffice of National Drug Control PolicyOffice of Science and Technology PolicyOffice of the United States Trade RepresentativeOffice of the Vice President
Presidential Power
Chief ofStaff
Presidential Power
Presidential Power
PressSecretary
Presidential Power
Presidential Power
NationalSecurityAdvisor
Presidential Power
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Forces of Peace and War
Other Descriptions
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Forces of Peace and War
Other Descriptions Commander-in-chief
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Forces of Peace and War
Other Descriptions Commander-in-chief
Constitution Commander-in-chief
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
SECTION 2
The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States;
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Forces of Peace and War
Other Descriptions Commander-in-chief
Constitution Commander-in-chief
Non-Constitution War Powers Act
Presidential Power
War Powers Resolution of 1973
• Joint resolution of Congress• Fulfill the intent of the Framers that military action be
collective decision of the president and Congress• In every possible instance the president shall consult
with Congress before introducing U.S. armed into hostilities
• After such introduction the president shall notify Congress within 48 hours
Presidential Power
War Powers Resolution of 1973
• After such introduction shall consult with Congress regularly
• If Congress does not approve action, troops must be removed within 60 days
• An additional 30 days may be added to accommodate withdrawal of troops
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of the Forces of Peace and War
Other Descriptions Commander-in-chief
Constitution Commander-in-chief
Non-Constitution War Powers Act
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions Chief Legislator
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions Chief Legislator
Constitution • special sessions
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
SECTION 3
he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them,
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions Chief Legislator
Constitution • special sessions• veto
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
Article ISECTION 7
If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournament prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.
Presidential Power
Article ISECTION 7
Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions Chief Legislator
Constitution• special sessions
• veto• State of the Union
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
SECTION 3
He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient;
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions Chief Legislator
Constitution• special sessions
• Veto• State of the Union
Non-Constitution • Executive order
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions Chief Legislator
Constitution• special sessions
• Veto• State of the Union
Non-Constitution • Executive order• Recommend legislation
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions Chief Legislator
Constitution• special sessions
• Veto• State of the Union
Non-Constitution• Executive order
• Recommend legislation• “honeymoon”
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions Chief Legislator
Constitution• special sessions
• Veto• State of the Union
Non-Constitution• Executive order
• Recommend legislation• “honeymoon”• prioritizing
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions Chief Legislator
Constitution• special sessions
• Veto• State of the Union
Non-Constitution • “bully pulpit”
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Congress
Other Descriptions Chief Legislator
Constitution• special sessions
• Veto• State of the Union
Non-Constitution • “bully pulpit”• implementation
Presidential Power
SECTION 3
he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of His Party
Other Descriptions
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of His Party
Other Descriptions Head of Party
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of His Party
Other Descriptions Head of Party
Constitution
Non-Constitution • coattails
Presidential Power
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of His Party
Other Descriptions Head of Party
Constitution
Non-Constitution • Coattails• Mid-term election pattern
Presidential Power
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Public Opinion
Other Descriptions
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Public Opinion
Other Descriptions Chief Citizen
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Public Opinion
Other Descriptions Chief Citizen
Constitution
Non-Constitution • Statements, speeches
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Leader of the Rituals of American Democracy
Other Descriptions
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Leader of the Rituals of American Democracy
Other Descriptions Head of State
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Leader of the Rituals of American Democracy
Other Descriptions Head of State
Constitution
Non-Constitution • Throw out first pitch
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Leader of the Rituals of American Democracy
Other Descriptions Head of State
Constitution
Non-Constitution • Throw out first pitch• Pardon Thanksgiving Turkey
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Leader of the Rituals of American Democracy
Other Descriptions Head of State
Constitution
Non-Constitution • Host Easter egg hunt
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Leader of the Rituals of American Democracy
Other Descriptions Head of State
Constitution
Non-Constitution • Host Easter egg hunt• Prayer Breakfast
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Leader of the Rituals of American Democracy
Other Descriptions Head of State
Constitution
Non-Constitution • Kennedy Center Honors
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Free Nations
Other Descriptions
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Free Nations
Other Descriptions Chief Diplomat
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Free Nations
Other Descriptions Chief Diplomat
Constitution • Negotiate treaties
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
SECTION 2
He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur;
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Free Nations
Other Descriptions Chief Diplomat
Constitution • Negotiate treaties• Receive ambassadors
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
SECTION 3
he shall receive Ambassadors and otherpublic Ministers;
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Free Nations
Other Descriptions Chief Diplomat
Constitution• Negotiate treaties• Receive ambassadors• Appoint ambassadors
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Free Nations
Other Descriptions Chief Diplomat
Constitution• Negotiate treaties• Receive ambassadors• Appoint ambassadors
Non-Constitution • Executive agreement
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription Leader of Free Nations
Other Descriptions Chief Diplomat
Constitution• Negotiate treaties• Receive ambassadors• Appoint ambassadors
Non-Constitution • Executive agreement• NATO
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Other Descriptions Crisis Manager
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Other Descriptions Crisis Manager
Constitution
Non-Constitution • September 11, 2001
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Other Descriptions Crisis Manager
Constitution
Non-Constitution • September 11, 2001• Hurricane Katrina
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Other Descriptions Crisis Manager
Constitution
Non-Constitution• September 11, 2001• Hurricane Katrina• Credit meltdown
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Other Descriptions Judicial Power
Constitution
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Other Descriptions Judicial Power
Constitution • Pardons / Reprieves
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Other Descriptions Judicial Power
Constitution • Pardons / Reprieves• Appoint judges / justices
Non-Constitution
Presidential Power
RossiterDescription
Other Descriptions Judicial Power
Constitution • Pardons / Reprieves• Appoint judges / justices
Non-Constitution • Participate in cases
