President James Monroe

Elected in 1816 (Democratic-Republican [Republican])

Two Terms: 1816-1824

“Era of Good Feelings”

Monroe Doctrine

John Quincy Adams

Monroe’s Secretary of State

Architect of the Monroe Doctrine

Wide experience in international politics

Brilliant thinker and politician

Son of 2nd president, John Adams and future president (1824-1828)

“Treaties” w/ John Quincy Adams

1817 - Rush-Bagot Agreement– Limited naval armament on

Great Lakes

– Established unfortified boundary with Canada

1818 - British American Convention– Established the US-Canadian

border along the 49th parallel

– Signaled better relations with the British and British Canada

1819 - Adams-Onis Treaty (Florida Land Purchase)– Andrew Jackson attacked

raiders from Florida

– Spain ceded Florida to the US

– Western boundary w/ Spain settled (New Spain)

– Spain nearly done as a colonial power

– Mexican Revolution of 1821 would oust Spanish rule and establish Mexican independence.

The West and Northwest, 1819-1824

JQ Adams - Treaties

U.S.-British Boundary Settlement, 1818

Rush-Bagot Treaty

Naval Disarmament Treaty with Britain -- negotiated by JQ Adams

US and Great Britain also agree to joint-occupation of the Oregon Territory for the next 10 years

The Southeast, 1810-1819

The Monroe Doctrine

1823 (Sec. Of State - John Quincy Adams)

No more European colonization in Western Hemisphere

US dominance of Western Hemisphere established

The Monroe Doctrine

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Implications in the Western Hemisphere

US dominance until the present

US role in Latin American affairs

European direct influence limited

Nationalism (Cultural and Political) and the Era of Good Feelings

Star-Spangled Banner (1814 Francis Scott Key)

Basically a one-party system (Democratic-Republicans)

Solidified American expansion and borders

Secured US as a respected nation

Growth of a national economy

Webster’s school speller

Various paintings of Revolutionary War heroes, etc.

Supreme Court Nationalism JOHN MARSHALL COURT –

continually supports the power of the federal government over the states Why? He is a FEDERALIST

Marbury v. Madison – established the principle of judicial review (constitutional vs. unconstitutional) [Judiciary Act of 1789]

Supreme Court Nationalism McCulloch v. Maryland - State of

Maryland sued the Bank of the United States in Baltimore for taxes – court ruled that states could not impose taxes on federal government

Gibbons v. Ogden – New York gave a monopoly on ferry service across the Hudson River – court ruled that a state did not have that power – only the federal government regulates INTERstate commerce.

Supreme Court Nationalism Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee – Supreme

Court has authority over state courts in civil matters of federal law – deals with land ownership (Denny Martin in VA was a Loyalist)

Dartmouth v. Woodward – Privacy of contracts are protected by the federal government

The Era of Good Feelings

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Economic Nationalism Tariff of 1816 - high tariff

rates to protect US industry

American System proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun

Panic of 1819– 2nd Bank of US (BUS) -

tighter money supply

– State banks closed = money deflated (lost value)

– Hardest hit was the WEST

– Changed politics

Political changes as a result of economic changes:– Changes in old

Republican Party (Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans)

– Federalist party = Dead

– Splits emerge in (Jeffersonian) Republican party based on regional differences

Evolution of Major Parties

Panic of 1819

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The American System (Henry Clay)

Henry Clay proposed an “American System” which called for:– Protective tariffs

– National bank

– Internal (transportation and infrastructural improvements

•Not a formal ‘document’ or plan

•Tariff and bank were in place.

•National leaders differed on the spending of federal money on road-building and other improvements

Missouri Statehood

Missouri - applied for statehood in 1819

Balance of free and slave states in question

Tallmadge Amendment - limited attempt ot eliminate slaver in MO -angered southern states

Henry Clay (Kentucky) proposed a compromise:

1. MO Admitted as a slaveholding state

2. Maine Admitted as a free state

Louisiana Territory -north of 36˚ 30’ N -slavery prohibited

Monroe signed in 1820

The Missouri Compromise and Slavery, 1820-1821

23

The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821

Map 9.3 The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821 (p. 272)

The Missouri Compromise

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Election of 1824

John Quincy Adams Henry Clay Andrew Jackson

National Republican Whig Democrat

“Corrupt Bargain” Election

Jackson – 41% Electoral Vote

Adams – 31% Electoral Vote

Clay – 18% Electoral Vote

NO ONE HAS A MAJORITY!!!!

Election goes to House of Representatives

Clay was Speaker of the House from Kentucky

“Corrupt Bargain” Election

Clay threw his support as Speaker of the House behind John Quincy Adams

Adams won in the House

Clay was appointed to the office of Secretary of State

Jacksonian Democrats cried “foul play” and “corruption”

Clay wanted to be Secretary of State because that was the stepping stone office to the Presidency