Upload
nida
View
38
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Preserving sacred space: A microclimate study of the Shrine of the Bab, a Baha’i holy site. Blake Campbell & Patrick Ravines Baha’i World Centre, Conservation Office Haifa, Israel. Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre. Introduction Problems related to excess moisture - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Preserving sacred space: A Preserving sacred space: A microclimate study of the microclimate study of the Shrine of the Bab, a Baha’i Shrine of the Bab, a Baha’i
holy siteholy site..
Blake Campbell & Patrick Ravines Baha’i World Centre, Conservation Office
Haifa, Israel
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Introduction Problems related to excess
moisture Monitoring Temperature &
Relative HumidityResults & FindingsConclusions
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Introduction – Shrine’s current setting and environs– Structures composing the shrine
Early structures & Super structure
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
The Shrine of the Bab with its colonnade, golden dome, and terraced gardens.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
The terraces of the shrine extending from the foot to the crest of Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Westerly view
Northerly & downward view
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Formal gardens around the shrine.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Introduction – Shrine’s current setting and environs– Structures composing the shrine
Early structures & Super structure
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
The original structure of the shrine built by Abdu’l-Baha in 1909, half-way up the barren slope of Mount
Carmel.
_____
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Original structure of the shrine in 1909.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
The shrine with rooms added by Shoghi Effendi, 1939.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Rooms 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 & 9 - first construction in 1909.Rooms 3, 4 & 5 – second construction in 1939.
Floor plan
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
The colonnade under construction, 1950.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Workmen building the platform above the stone edifice, 1950.
The octagon with its pinnacles and balustrade, 1952.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
The shrine with its superstructure completed, 1953.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Introduction Excess moisture
– Early structure– Superstructure
Monitoring T & RHResults & FindingsConclusions
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Shrine of the Bab, room # 1.Widespread damage to the tile floorcaused by moisture-induced salt migration.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Room 1: Tile damage & salt deposition
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Flaking & concoidal spalling of the surface and subsurface layers of the tile. Damage occurs both in the center and on edges.
Hand-sized fracture due to subflorescence.
Room 6: Tile damage
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Room 8: Wall & floor moisture
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Outer walls of original structure
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Superstructure moisture
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Where is the excess moisture coming from?
Noticed as early as 1941 and still exists.
Views & opinions:– Engineers: condensation– Custodian: underground water– Conservators: monitor & study
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Introduction Excess moisture Monitoring T & RHResults & FindingsConclusions
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Room 8 monitoredPeriod: ~14 months
Sensors: Hobo HO8 data loggers, T, RH & lightLoggers 1, 2 & 3 – on floorLoggers 4, 5 & 7 – 2 m high
8-bit res8Kb memT: +0.7°CRH: +5%t: 6 & 8min
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Weather station on NE corner of Terrace 10 Collects:
T, RH, soil T, leaf wetness, air pressure, solar radiation, rainfall, wind speed & direction
t: every 12 minutes
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Introduction Excess moisture Monitoring T & RHResults & Findings
– Time series: view all T & RH data vs. time.– Diurnal cycles: data averaged by time of day
(annual and monthly)– Histograms: Count the number of
measurements that fall within a certain range– Dew Points
Conclusions
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
T data of logger #4 & weather station on Terrace 10.
Building’s moderating influence on room temperature.
Temperature Time Series
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Temperature Time Series
Graph (d) - data of logger 4 & weather station on Terrace 10.
Obvious trend - temperature's strong seasonal dependence.
Note building’s moderating influence on room temperature.
Room well mixed.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Logger # T mean T max T min1 21.0 28.7 13.7
2 21.2 28.7 11.8
3 21.1 27.9 12.6
4 20.8 28.3 7.8
5 21.8 28.7 12.2
7 21.8 30.3 12.6
T-10(WS) 20.9 37.3 5.6
Temperature values
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
RH data of logger #4 & weather station on Terrace 10. Building’s moderating influence on RH.
Relative Humidity Time Series
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Relative HumidityTime Series
Graph (d) - data of logger 4 & weather station on Terrace 10.
Building’s moderating influence on the humidity.
Room well mixed.
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Logger # RH mean RH max RH min1 58.4 81.0 23.4
2 59.0 81.9 23.4
3 59.7 83.5 23.4
4 64.5 95.7 23.4
5 61.7 87.3 23.4
7 60.2 89.6 23.4
T-10(WS) 75.9 99.0 11.0
Relative Humidity values
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Bimodal frequency distribution for the year from October 2002 to 2003 Reflects Mediterranean climate, long summers and winters but short
transition seasons.
Annual histogram of temperature
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre Annual histogram of Relative Humidity
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Logger RH > 60% RH > 75%# % obs Days/yr % obs Days/yr
1 53.4 194.9 2.4 8.92 54.6 199.3 4.7 17.13 55.9 203.9 9.3 34.04 71.9 262.4 21.5 78.55 65.3 238.4 10.5 38.37 59.4 216.9 8.0 29.0
Time & high humidity
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Efflorescence salts: Na2CO3 & NaCl
Salts T (⁰C) RH saturation
Na2CO3 10H2O 18.5 92%
Na2CO3 10H2O 24.5 87%
NaCl 23 75.5%
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Room Temp
Dew point (Calculated)
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Room Temp
Dew point (Calculated)
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Conclusions:Condensation – NoInterstitial condensation –
– Likely & if so, minorOther water sources –
– Ground water– Irrigation water & – Rain water
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Conclusions:Further study –
– Local geological features with ground penetrating radar
– Cistern on west side
x
Shrine of the Bab Shrine of the Bab Baha’i World Centre Baha’i World Centre
Thank you - Grazie