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PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC TANGIBLE HERITAGE IN THE PHILIPPINES
Presented by:
Archt. Ma. Luisa M. Valerio National Historical Commission of the Philippines
START 2012 Science and Technology for Art 2012
Conserving and Recording Tangible, Intangible and Natural Heritage
Preservation of Historic Tangible Heritage
includes buildings and historic places, monuments, artifacts, etc., which are considered worthy of preservation for the future. These include objects significant to the archaeology, architecture, science or technology of a specific culture.
(UNESCO’s Definition)
MAP OF TAAL
National Historical Commission of the Philippines – responsible for significant movable and
immovable cultural property pertains to Philippine History; heroes and restorations of historical artifacts.
National Museum - responsible for significant
movable and immovable cultural and natural property pertaining to collections of Fine Arts, Archeology, Anthropology, Botany, Geology, Zoology and Astronomy including its conservation aspect.
Agencies mandated to implement government's restoration project
Process and considerations on the Preparation and Implementation of the
Conservation Plan
February 24, 2011 Dr. Joselito Catubay (PPC President), Archt. Ma. Rajelyn Busmente (NCCA-HSO), Vicky Carandang (NCCA Finance), Engr. Orly Abinion (NM), Jame (Paoay Tourism)
Oct. 11, 2011 Site inspection to Majayjay Church, Majayjay Laguna
1. SITE INSPECTION – Coordination meeting to the owner
General design - style
2. DOCUMENTATION : Architectural Survey
• Rectified photographs and measured drawings
a
b
c
c
cp
DOCUMENTATION : Architectural Details
ORIGINAL PART
OF STRUCTURE
BUILT BY DON JUSTO
ANGCO IN 1830
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT (GROUND FLOOR) of the Syquia Mansion in Vigan, Ilocos Sur
PART OF THE
STRUCTURE ADDED
BY TOMAS SYQUIA
IN 1910
PART OF THE
STRUCTURE ADDED
BY ELPIDIO QUIRINO
IN 1948
DOCUMENTATION : MEASURED DRAWINGS
ORIGINAL PART
OF STRUCTURE
BUILT BY DON JUSTO
ANGCO IN 1830
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT (SECOND FLOOR) of the Syquia Mansion in Vigan, Ilocos Sur
PART OF THE
STRUCTURE ADDED
BY TOMAS SYQUIA
IN 1910
PART OF THE
STRUCTURE ADDED
BY ELPIDIO QUIRINO
IN 1948
PART OF THE
STRUCTURE ADDED
IN LATE 1970’S
DOCUMENTATION : MEASURED DRAWINGS
State of conservation A state of conservation record is necessary prior to the onset
of actual restoration or intervention.
CONDITION ASSESSMENT:
1. DIRECT EXPOSURE TO THE ELEMENTS AND EXTREME WEATHER
• DISCOLORATION
• DECAY OF THE PAINTED WALLS
• WEAKENING OF PLASTER AND MORTAR OF BRICK WALLS
• RUSTING OF THE ROOF COVERING
• Etc.
CAUSES OF DETERIORATION
CONDITION ASSESSMENT:
2. STRUCTURAL DEFECTS
• FOUNDATION PROBLEMS
• WEAKENED STRUCTURAL COLUMNS
• CRACKED AND WEAKENED SHEAR WALLS
• SAGGING AND WEAKENING OF GIRTS AND FLOORS
CAUSES OF DETERIORATION
CONDITION ASSESSMENT:
3. NATURAL CALAMITIES
• EARTHQUAKE IN THE PAST CAUSED CRACKS IN THE BRICK WALLS
• TYPHOONS SERIOUSLY WEATHERED THE HOUSE STRUCTURE
CAUSES OF DETERIORATION
CONDITION ASSESSMENT:
4. MAN-MADE CAUSES
• THE ABSENCE OF THE OWNERS
• LEAVING THE HOUSE IN THE HANDS OF CARETAKERS
CAUSES OF DETERIORATION
CONDITION ASSESSMENT:
5. TERMITE AND DRY ROT INFESTATION
• TERMITE AND DRY ROT INFESTATION IN ANY PLACES
CONDITION ASSESSMENT:
CAUSES OF DETERIORATION
Botanical growths
Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery Historical Landmark, Nagcarlan, Laguna
Damaged stone details
CONDITION ASSESSMENT:
Rusted grills
CONDITION ASSESSMENT:
Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery Historical Landmark, Nagcarlan, Laguna
CONDITION ASSESSMENT:
Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery Historical Landmark, Nagcarlan, Laguna
CONDITION ASSESSMENT: Cause of damage
Syquia Mansion Vigan, Ilocos Sur Before Restoration
Graphical record
• Mapping of geomorphology and chronology of construction
CONDITION ASSESSMENT:
Façade of Paoay Church Paoay, Ilocos Norte
The graphical record will provide a clear
appreciation of the existing physical condition of the
historic structure. This may include appearance,
measurements, materials, defects and damages,
previous interventions, and other existing physical
attributes.
CONDITION ASSESSMENT
Graphical record
Façade of Dingras Church Dinras, Ilocos Norte
CONDITION REPORT ON THE CHURCH FAÇADE WALL PREPARED BY A. LAZARO AND ASSOCIATES
SHOWING THE CONDITION OF THE FAÇADE AND CHOIR LOFT
VER
TIC
AL
CR
AC
KS
VERTICAL CRACKS = FOUNDATION STRESSES
CONDITION ASSESSMENT Restoration of Masinloc Church Masinloc, Zambales
Figure 1 Through the years of the church’s existence, the slender trusses, with the roof had deformed pushing the walls outward. Ground movements and earthquake occurrences aggravated the stability of the walls. Cracks appeared. The last earthquake caused the tilting of the walls outward and structural cracks are evident. The illustration shows an exaggerated result to give a clear picture of how the trusses and walls behaved after the disastrous events.
Figure 2 Angel Lazaro and Associates, had specified the restructuring of the roof frames to correct the construction faults of the original roof framing system. The horizontal channel struts have been installed after the tornique process. The result is a stabilized roof frame system. However, the walls are still in bad condition. The DES and conservation plan did not include the method/technique for the consolidation of the walls.
x x
STRUCTURAL RETROFITTING/CONSOLIDATION
CONDITION ASSESSMENT Restoration of Masinloc Church Masinloc, Zambales
Figure 3 The church restoration committee expressed its desire to fund the wall consolidation, and had requested the NHI (implementing agency) to prepare a scheme for the wall consolidation that would be compatible with the DES prepared by the Angel Lazaro & Associates (ALA). From the experiences of the NHI, particularly the technique done for the Malate church in Manila, the NHI’s HPD is recommending the “Clamping” technique plus the pressure injection special grout solution for the wall consolidation. This restoration technique shall correct the deficiencies of the walls.
Figure 4 The over-all consolidation scheme:
Tornique process and Horizontal strut system (Part of the DES)
Clamping system and High-pressure grouting (NHI recommendation)
Jumbo special piles (as recommended by NHI and ALA and part of the
DES)
Pressured grouting
2
1
3 Special piles
GROUND IMPROVEMENT
TORNIQUET PROCESS
CONDITION ASSESSMENT Restoration of Masinloc Church Masinloc, Zambales
1 3
2 4
Retrofitting methodology
CONDITION ASSESSMENT Restoration of Masinloc Church Masinloc, Zambales
MATERIAL TESTING/ MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION using rebound hammer to test the compressive strenght of the materials and Element analyzer Genius R-Ray Flourescence (XRF) was used as a form of non destructive testing to determine the elemental composition of plaster , mortar , coral blocks and San Esteban stone EXRF
Engr. Larry Cruz (Chief, Material Conservation Division) and Archt. Ma. Luisa Valerio (Restoration Architect, Historic Preservation Division) , woks on testing the compressive strenght of the materials using rebound while Mr. Marc de Mesa of Philippine Laboratory works on tesing elemental composition of materials using EXRF
CONDITION ASSESSMENT
MATERIAL TESTING
CONDITION ASSESSMENT
GATHERING OF SAMPLE MATERIAL
• Budget
PREPARATION OF CONSERVATION PLAN
• Availability of materials
Considerations in the preparation of conservation plans
• How do you want to present the structure
• Budget
PREPARATION OF CONSERVATION PLAN
• Locally funded
• Grant from NCCA
• Congressional initiative
WOOD RESTORATION TECHNIQUE: RETROFITTING
• Availability of materials PREPARATION OF CONSERVATION PLAN
Joint A
Joint A
Joint B Joint C
Joint B
Joint C
REHABILITATION OF ROOF GIRTS
• Availability of materials PREPARATION OF CONSERVATION PLAN
COMBINING OLD AND NEW TECHNIQUES
PREPARATION OF CONSERVATION PLAN
Consolidation of facade wall Replacement of missing masonry blocks and stone cornice
NHCP policy to refrain from extracting coral materials except if loose coral could be available from the vicinity and nearby towns. The conservation of our endangered natural resources is of paramount importance.
The use of San Esteban stone is found to be good substitute material to coral with reference to its physical qualities.
40% usable
=
1. Coral blocks are quarried and loaded into boats, then brought to the site
2. Blocks are stockpiled and cleaned
3. Blocks are cut and processed, then brought to the construction site
4. Only about 40% of the blocks can be cut to shape and can be used for church wall facing
PROCEDURE ON THE PRODUCTION OF CORAL BOCKS
PREPARATION OF CONSERVATION PLAN
(Archt. Reynaldo Inovero’s Presentation)
PREPARATION OF PROJECT DOCUMENTS
1. SCOPE OF WORK
2. SPECIFICATIONS AND METHODOLY OF CONSERVATION
3. ESTIMATE AND BILL OF MATERIALS
4. PROJECT SHEDULE
Restoration of San Andres Church In Masinloc Zambalez
CASE STUDY
CONDITION REPORT ON THE CHURCH FAÇADE WALL PREPARED BY A. LAZARO AND ASSOCIATES
SHOWING THE CONDITION OF THE FAÇADE AND CHOIR LOFT
VER
TIC
AL
CR
AC
KS
VERTICAL CRACKS = FOUNDATION STRESSES
SHOWING THE CONDITION AND DIRECTION OF CRACKS ON SIDE WALLS (HORIZONTAL CRACKS)
HORIZONTAL CRACKS = ROOF STRUCTURE STRESSES
MASINLOC CHURCH IN ZAMBALEZ
PROVIDE MORTAR CAPPING ON PEDIMENT; PROVIDE SLIGHTLY GABLED VIGAN TILE LAYER ON CAPPING; SEAL ALL LEDGES WITH APPROVED MORTAR MIX; LIMEWASH ENTIRE FAÇADE BY MIST-SPRAYING (30 TIMES)
MASINLOC CHURCH IN ZAMBALEZ
DURING RESTORATION OF THE CHURCH FAÇADE: DOCUMENTATION AND DISMANTLING OF THE CORAL BLOCKS
MASINLOC CHURCH IN ZAMBALEZ
• During the dismantling of the coral blocks, actual dismantling was very difficult. It was observed that the mortar was still well bonded with the coral facings. It is also observed that if coral blocks on the façade should be dismantled, the odds of returning these blocks in their original order and alignment would be quite big. There is great risk of altering the façade’s artistic composition and authenticity.
DRILL THROUGH MORTAR TO LOOSEN BONDING FOR EASY DISMANTLING OF CORAL BLOCKS
RUBBLE CORE
CORAL FACING
ILLUSTRATION TAKEN FROM THE ORIGINAL METHODOLOGY/SPECIFICATIONS INDICATING THAT THE BONDING OF THE CORAL BLOCKS WITH THE RUBBLE CORE IS STILL TIGHT AS OF THE TIME OF THE ENGINEERING STUDIES
MASINLOC CHURCH IN ZAMBALEZ
EPOXY-Lvie Flexible
Low Viscosity Injectible Flexible Epoxy
PHOTOGRAPHS OF SAMPLE MATERIALS
MASINLOC CHURCH IN ZAMBALEZ
STUDIES ON FLEXIBLE TYPE OF EPOXY WAS UNDERTAKEN BY THE NHI-HPD BEFORE THE CONSOLIDATION WORK. THE RIGID TYPE EPOXY WAS RULED OUT, SINCE IT WILL NOT BE COMPATIBLE WITH OLD STRUCTURES LIKE THE SAN ANDRES CHURCH
GRANDGROUT 1000 Non-Shrink Cementitious Grout
MASINLOC CHURCH IN ZAMBALEZ
SONOBOND 401(FE) Flexible Injection Epoxy
THESE PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN APPLIED IN THE FACDE WALL CONSOLIDATION, HOWEVER, THE CALIBRATION OF THE APPLICATION MIXTURES WAS DONE IN ORDER TO THAT THESE GROUTING APPLICATIONS WILL ADAPT TO THE PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF THE EXISTING STRUCTURE OF THE FACADE
MASINLOC CHURCH IN ZAMBALEZ
• The church foundation having been consolidated (by high-pressure injected concrete), the foundation is now in a stable condition. Therefore, if the cracks are grouted, loose blocks are repointed, and the pediment capped, the façade wall consolidation shall have been consolidated even without applying the “dismantling and reinstalling” of the blocks.
THE FAÇADE HAS BEEN CONSOLIDATED, I.E. THE CRACK REPAIR AND FAÇADE INJECTION OF FLEXIBLE EPOXY (CALIBRATED).
MASINLOC CHURCH IN ZAMBALEZ
20
04
2
00
5
20
06
20
00
BEF
OR
E R
ESTO
RA
TIO
N
20
07
AFT
ER R
ESTO
RA
TIO
N
MASINLOC CHURCH IN ZAMBALEZ
Vertical lines
Line representing the inclination of the Bell tower
The leaning bell tower of Sta. Maria Church Buttress that served
as retainer of the leaning bellower
Showing the cracks on the base of the bell tower
Showing the condition of the Sta. Maria Church Bell Tower
GROUND CONSOLIDATION STA. MARIA CHURCH BELL TOWER, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur
ILLUSTRATION OF THE AFTERMATH OF THE COLLAPSE OF RETAINING WALL AND LEANING BELL TOWER
GROUND CONSOLIDATION STA. MARIA CHURCH BELL TOWER, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur
Layout Plan of Jet Grouted Piles prepared by Engr. Angel Lazaro
Layout Plan of Jet Grouted Piles prepared / implemented by Peter Ground Improvement,
Inc
GROUND CONSOLIDATION STA. MARIA CHURCH BELL TOWER, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur
Section of Jet Grouted Piles prepared by
Engr. Angel Lazaro
Section Layout Plan of Jet Grouted Piles prepared /
implemented by Peter Ground Improvement, Inc
GROUND CONSOLIDATION STA. MARIA CHURCH, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur
GROUND CONSOLIDATION STA. MARIA CHURCH, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur
GROUND CONSOLIDATION STA. MARIA CHURCH, Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur
RESCUE RESTORATION AND SITE DEVELOPMENT WORKS AT THE OLD WATCH TOWER, Bgy. Sabang, Baler
Cleared and cleaned the site • Provided temporary structures • Removed Balete trees and roots, and other biological growths • Undertook mechanical and chemical cleaning of walls • Undertook repair/replacement works, including filling-in, patching, repointing and limewashing of walls • Improved adjacent areas around the structure • Cleared and cleaned the site
Watch Tower Baler, Quezon
REMOVAL OF BALETE ROOTS
Watch Tower Baler, Quezon
SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN THE REMOVAL OF DESTRUCTIVE BIOLOGICAL GROWTHS
Watch Tower Baler, Quezon
Watch Tower Baler, Quezon
October 5, 2011 January 5, 2012
January 28, 2011 January 30, 2012
RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH Majayjay, Laguna
Right side entrance
During restoration
Before restoration
After restoration
RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH Majayjay, Laguna
Showing the condition of finials before restoration
RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH, Majayjay, Laguna
RESTORATION OF FINIALS
RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH Majayjay, Laguna
CHURCH EXISTING CONDITION THE FACADE
Fig. 14: The church before the restoration, May 19, 2009.
Biological growth like moss and lichen grow in the church walls.
Broken capital of a column beside the church’s main entrance.
Different kinds of plants also grows on church moldings .
RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH Majayjay, Laguna
THE BELLTOWER
Fig. 15: The bell tower before the restoration. Photo taken May 19, 2009.
Moss, lichens and plant growths invites moisture, which then deteriorates & damage the church walls.
RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH Majayjay, Laguna
THE CHURCH’S BUTTRESSES
Fig. 16: The sloping buttresses before the restoration. Photo taken May 19, 2009.
Moss, lichens and plants also grows on church’s enormous buttresses which supports its walls. If not treated, this support will soon become weak & can be a treat to the public and to the church itself.
RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH Majayjay, Laguna
Fig. 17: The sloping buttresses supporting the rear part of the church before the restoration. Photo taken May 19, 2009.
RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH Majayjay, Laguna
THE CHURCH’S SIDE ENTRANCE
Fig. 18: SIDE PORTAL. An interesting feature in the church’s right side wall is it’s highly developed side portal which is arched and equipped with a receding doorway, with niches & moulded bands. Photo taken May 19, 2009.
Side entrance showing the doorway, statues & ceiling. Moss & lichens are also starting to grow on the ceiling.
RESTORATION OF MAJAYJAY CHURCH Majayjay, Laguna
THE COMPLETE PHOTO DOCUMENTATION
RELOCATION OF THE MABINI HOUSE: Methodologies and Values
(Terminal Report Prepared by Archt Reynaldo Lita)
Every part of the house were marked with number codes to facilitate the systematic reconstruction process.
DISMANTLING OF MUSEUM ITEMS
Dismantled materials were documented to reveal interconnection details and methodology.
THE DISMANTLING LOGBOOK
NOVEMBER 26, 2007
DECEMBER 12, 2007
JANUARY 8, 2008
JANUARY 11, 2008
JANUARY 22, 2008
FEBRUARY 6, 2008
FEBRUARY 19, 2008
MARCH 13, 2008
MARCH 25, 2008
• Skilled manpower
NEW TIMBER SUPPORTS
PROVISION OF NEW WOOD GIRTS
“Our historic structures are invaluable heritage, And a great responsibility to protect it rest upon us.” (unknown)
Thank you……..