Every minute. Every day.

missoulian.comTeachersA teachers aid for the World of Wonder page is available at missouliantech.com/wonder

TM

Proud partner in Community Education

Presents

Presents

Proud partner inCommunity Education

LEARN ABOUT YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK IN THE NEXT INSTALLMENT OF WORLD OF WONDER© 2013 Triefeldt Studios, Inc.Distributed by Universal Uclick for UFS

At a bookstore near you: Two full-color World of Wonder compilations: “Plants & Animals” and “People & Places.”

By Laurie Triefeldt

SOURCES: World Book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc.; http://www. livingstoneonline.ucl.ac.uk; BBC; http://kids.britannica.com;

Source of the NileIn 1866, Livingstone returned to Africa for the third and last time. The Royal Geographical Society wanted him to explore the great African water-sheds — especially the sources of the Nile — a mystery that would become close to an obsession for Livingstone.From Zanzibar he made his way up the Ruvuma River and on to Lake Tanganyika and around the country of the great lakes of Mweru and Bangweulu.

Dr. Livingstone I presumeDue to isolation and illness, Livingstone had been out of touch with Europe and America for six years. Many thought he must be lost or dead. The New York Herald sent journalist Henry Stanley to search for him in 1871.

Stanley found Livingstone at Ujiji in the fall of 1871.The meeting gave rise to the popular quotation “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”Stanley had brought much-needed supplies, medicines, news and letters from home. He could see that Livingstone was ill, but was unable to persuade Livingstone to return to

England. Stanley left Livingstone near Tabora on March 14, 1872. In August, Livingstone was

on the move — exploring again.

In the end On May 1, 1873, Livingstone was found dead in his hut. He had succumbed to malaria and dysen-tery. His heart was buried in (present-day Zambia) Africa and his body returned to Britain for burial at Westminster Abbey.

AccomplishmentsBefore Livingstone, Africa’s interior was almost entirely unknown to the outside world. Europeans had only a vague idea of Africa’s geography, fauna, flora and people. Livingstone dispelled much of this ignorance and opened up the continent's interior to further exploration. More than 30 years before the link between mos-quitoes and malaria was established, Livingstone suggested their association. He was also correct in the use of quinine as a medicine for malaria.Livingstone helped draw the world’s attention to the evil of African slave traffic. Livingstone spent most of his life in Africa, return-ing to England for two short visits.

David Livingstone (1813-1873) was a Scottish missionary, doctor and explorer who traveled through the heart of Africa hoping to bring Christianity and commerce to the continent. His rags-to-riches story and success as a missionary, scientist and explorer made Livingstone a hero and legend in his own time.

DaviD Livingstone

Early years David Livingstone was born March 19, 1813, to a working-class family in Blantyre, Scotland (the second of seven children). The fam-ily shared a room in a tenement building owned by the cotton mill where Livingstone began working at the age of 10.After working 12 to 14 hours at the mill, David attended night school (provided by and consid-ered mandatory by the factory he worked in). He developed a love of for science and natural history and taught himself Latin.Livingstone saved every cent he could, until he had enough money to attend Anderson’s University, Glasgow in 1836 (at age 23). He studied medicine in Glasgow for two years before moving to Lon-don to study theology and missionary work as well as con-tinue his medical studies. In 1840, Livingstone completed his medical studies and set sail for present-day South Africa as an ordained missionary doctor.

First impressionsAfter a 98-day voyage, Livingstone arrived in Cape Town on March 15, 1841. He reached Kuruman three months later, but Livingstone was restless to explore and meet the Africans and soon moved north to the Khatla people. It was here he permanently injured his left shoulder in an encounter with a lion. In 1845, he mar-ried Mary Moffat and settled at Kolobeng. From here he set out to cross the Kalahari Des-ert, discovering Lake Ngami on Aug. 1, 1849. On another jour-ney, in 1851, Livingstone discov-ered the Zambezi River.

Winning trustLivingstone was able to explore Africa because he earned the trust of the people by traveling light, in small groups and un-armed. Large, armed expeditions were seen as military incursions or were mistaken for slave-raiding parties. His reputation as a great healer also made him welcome where many were not. He did not force his Christian message on unwilling ears and he learned the ways of local chiefs in order to negotiate safe passage through their lands.

Henry Stanley (1841-1904)

Mary Moffat (1821-1862)

Nyangwe March 29, 1871

Luanda May 31, 1854

1855

1854

1853Linyanti

1851Lake Ngami Aug. 1, 1849

KolobengMabotsa

Kuruman July 31, 1841

1841

1841

Cape Town

Atlantic Ocean

Port Elizabeth

Limpopo River

Victoria Falls

Mozambique

Chitambo’s Died May 1, 1873

1872

Ujiji Oct. 23, 1871Unyanyembe

1867

1871

Mikindani

Lake Victoria

Lake TanganyikaLake Mweru

Lake Nyasa

QuelimaneChupanga

Zambezi River1862

186218661861

1860

1855

Kalahari

Mozambique

Cape Colony

Orange Free State

Indian Ocean

0 400km

0 400miles

Early journeys (1841-1851)Crossing the continent (1853-1856)Zambezi expedition (1858-1864)Quest for the Nile source (1866-1873)

The expeditions

AFRICA

Crossing the ContinentIn 1852, Livingstone began a four-year expedition to find a route from the upper Zambezi to the coast. This trip greatly increased western knowledge of central and southern Africa. In 1855, Livingstone discovered a spectacular waterfall which he named “Victoria Falls.” He reached the mouth of the Zambezi on the Indian Ocean in 1856, becoming the first European to cross the width of southern Africa.

Zambezi ExpeditionsLivingstone gave up missionary work and decided to dedicate his time to exploration. He left for Africa again in 1858, and for the next five years carried out explorations of eastern and central Africa for the British government. Livingstone’s wife, Mary, rejoined him in Africa in 1862, but fell ill with malaria and died. She was buried under a large baobab tree.This expedition was not considered a success by the British government and Livingstone was criticized as a poor leader. Baobab tree

The Livingstones had six children, who accompanied him on some journeys, but also spent long periods without their father.

Lake Bangweulu