Presenting:

THE CELL WALL

PRESENTED BY:

DeVaughn Patterson and Jason Palonis

Functions of the Cell Wall

• Found outside cell membrane

• it lends the cell stability, • it determines its shape, • influences its development, • acts as a filtering

mechanism, • protects the cell against

pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.)

• counterbalances the osmotic pressure.

So what has a Cell Wall ?

Cell Walls are found in Plants, Fungi, Algae, some Archaea

and Bacteria.

* Protozoa and Animals do NOT have cell walls.

So what has a Cell Wall ?-and-

What are Cell Walls made of?

-Plants have Cell Walls Eukaryotic

Plants actually have 2 Cell Walls

•In plants, the strongest component of the complex cell wall is a carbohydrate called cellulose, which is a polymer of glucose. •Primary Cell Wall- generally a thin, flexible and extensible layer formed while the cell is growing.

•Secondary Cell Wall- a thick layer formed inside the primary cell wall after the cell is fully grown. • Strengthens and waterpoofs the wall.• *It is NOT found in all cell types.

•Middle Lamella- a layer rich in pectins, glues 2 adjacent cell walls together.

-Fungi have Cell Walls

•Eukaryotic

•Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin. (a derivative of glucose).

•True fungi do not have cellulose in their cell walls

-Algae have Cell Walls

• Eukaryotic• Algae typically possess walls

made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides.

-some Archaen have Cell Walls

•Prokaryotic

•Archaean cell walls have various compositions.

•May be formed of glycoprotein or polysaccharides.

•Unlike Bacteria, all Archaen cell walls lack peptidoglycan.

-Bacteria have Cell Walls

•Prokaryotic

•In bacteria, peptidoglycan forms the cell wall.

•Peptidoglycan- is a carbohydrate matrix (polysaccharides + protein)

The Stealth Pathogen

A Very Sneaky Bacteria

DEFICIENT

Cell Wall Deficient Forms“The Stealth Pathogen”

• The term stealth pathogens refers to bacteria that have cell walls that are deficient in shape, structure, rigidity, and/or layering.

• Almost unrecognizable, and omnipresent

• They are capable of considerable shape-changing

*Shape change enables these bacteria to easily move DNA between cells. This allows groups of bacteria to fuse together, = disease-causing combinations.

Examples: -MS -Rheumatoid arthritis, along with other forms of arthritis -Meningitis -Urinary tract infections -Heart valve infection -Eye inflammations -and a host of other maladies

*Cell Walls are found in Plants, Fungi, Algae, some Archaea and

Bacteria.

*Cell Walls are made of various carbohydrates and proteins.

TO RECAP:

& To Get Us Back On Track-

So what does NOT have a Cell Wall

Here’s a Hint:

Protozoa and….

So what does NOT have a Cell Wall

Animals and Protozoa do NOT have Cell Walls.

THIS INCLUDES YOU TOO!!!!