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Presented by: Soumya S. Dey, P.E., PMP, Director of Research and Technology Transfer
September 18, 2015
First International Conference on Surface Transportation System Resilience to
Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events
Harvey Alexander, Manager ITS Systems Maintenance, DDOT
Michael Keatley, General Manager, MC Dean Benito Perez, Parking Specialist, DDOT Rahul Jain, Transportation Engineer, DDOT
Background Data-based view of signal disruptions DDOT strategies for enhanced reliability &
resiliency Conclusions
68.3 square miles DC metropolitan area Population 5.6 million 7th largest metro
DC population 650,000 500,000 daily commuters 125,000+ daily visitors
Multimodal travel
DDOT’s transportation assets valued at $45 Billon
Transportation Assets 4,400 lane-miles of
roadway Less than 1 % freeways
241 bridges/tunnels 1,600 miles of sidewalk 453 miles of alley 1,600 traffic signals 271 miles of twisted pair
communication backbone 70,000 streetlights 16,000 parking meters 150 CCTV cameras 144,000 trees
US
Large Cities DC
Goal Sample Initiatives Efficiency • Signal Timing Optimization
• Adaptive Control • Transit Priority • ITS Master Plan
Reliability • Power Line Undergrounding (PLUG) • Rapid Response
• Performance based contract • Enhanced business processes & stakeholder
coordination
Resiliency • Emergency Back-Up Generators for Traffic Signals • Uninterruptable Power Supply for Traffic Signals
Scope of this presentation
CAUSES OF SIGNAL DISRUPTIONS
DURATION OF OUTAGES
45%
5%
25%
19%
4% 1% 1%
Signals in Flash Power Outage
Twisted Signals LED replacement
Signal head replacement Pole replacement
Cabinet Replacement
7.6%
86.7%
0.3% 0.2% 0.1%
1.0% 4.2%
Signal in flash Power Outage
Twisted Signal LED Replacement
Signal head replacement Pole Replacement
Cabinet replacement
Power outages account for a small percentage of the disruptions but have a large impact
Friday the 13th outage (7:30 AM to 10:15 AM) affecting 30 signals, 6 Metro Stations, 5000 customers including the White House
Thousands Without Power in Downtown D.C. May 30, 2013 4:47 PM
……..that number was at more than 5,500. Several traffic lights along Rhode Island Avenue from Logan Circle to North Capitol Street also were without power …..
Tuesday, October 30, 2012 Mayor Gray Outlines Hurricane Sandy Recovery for the District
Source: A Review of Power Outages and Restoration Following the June 2012 Derecho
OUTAGE HISTORY
OUTAGE DISTRIBUTION
0
1200
2400
3600
4800
6000
7200
8400
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Hour
s of P
ower
Rel
ated
S
igna
l Out
age
# of
Pow
er R
elat
ed
Sig
nal O
utag
es
Year
Hours of Power Related Signal Outages
Number of Power Related Signal Outage
• 380 outages per year • 3,845 hours of outage/year (0.001%) • 67% of 2012 outages were due to the Derecho
• 10% of outages are less than 1 hour • 50% of the outages are less than 6 hours • 75% of the outages are less than 12 hours
<1 hr 10%
1-3 hrs 21%
3-6 hrs 24%
6 -12 hrs 22%
12-24 hrs 12%
>24 hrs 11%
Prevent, Mitigate, Rapid Respond
Multi-year undergrounding program Focused on the top 60 high-voltage distribution lines. Cost ~$1 billion. $500M Pepco debt and equity $125M DDOT Capital Improvement funding $375M securitized bonds
Rate impact Residential customers, $1.50 per month and increase to a
maximum of $3.25 after seven years (3.23% increase in electric rates).
Commercial customers, 5% and 9.25% based on service class
Source: http://oca.dc.gov/node/539572
Reduce the frequency and duration of outages caused by the overhead lines by 95% on improved feeders.
Improve infrastructure while stimulating economic growth through job creation and career development ( ~950 jobs/year).
The health, safety and welfare benefits.
Procured through a $1.6M DHS grant in 2005 200 generators @ $6000 each Initially designed for signals on
evacuation routes DDOT cabinet specifications
calls for all future cabinet installations to be outfitted with the DDOT standard generator interface.
SOP for maintenance, deployment Needs to be exercised
periodically Response time typically 1 hour
0
1200
2400
3600
4800
6000
7200
8400
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Hour
s
Year
Signal Outage Time & Generator Run Time
Hours of Power Outage Generator Run Time
0
100
200
300
400
500
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013N
umbe
r (O
utag
es/D
eplo
ymen
ts)
Year
Generator Deployment and Number of Outages
Generator Deployment Outages
Between 2008 and 2013, DDOT has deployed the generators 884 times with a total run time of over 10,000 hours
Initially procured through ARRA funds
Unit cost $5200 Spent since 2011 $2.1M Current coverage 350
intersections Minimum run time – 6
hours 5 year warranty
UPS was utilized 940 times in 2013 with an estimated run time of 3,310 hours1.
At 135 intersections with UPS 205 outages (2008-2012) at these locations before
UPS installation 25 outages since 2013 after UPS installation2.
1Based on data collected from a random sample of 135 UPS (45% of total installed base) 2The 25 instances were when the UPS malfunctioned or batteries ran out before power was restored.
UPS USAGE STATISTICS UPS USAGE DISTRIBUTION
UPS usage is being pre-dominantly triggered by brown outs or lack of clean electricity. Without an UPS, the signals would have gone into a flash mode.
Internal Real-time signal status interface is monitored
24X7 by TMC Operators and Contractor staff Performance based contracting Better utilization of automated work order
system and incident management system to track signal outages
Better information aggregation – social media, traditional media, police CAD
Robust preventive maintenance program
External Multi-disciplinary SOP between DC agencies
(transportation, unified communications, technology, emergency management, police, Fire/EMS, and public works), regional partners & utility companies.
Professional relationships developed help coordinate on day-to-day operations.
• Monitor QuicNet 24X7 • Use other information sources
for situational awareness • Follow other channels –
media, social media
• Performance based contract • Shifting tour of duties to
ensure AM & PM coverage • Utilization of work order
system
• Enhanced standard operating procedures
• Having generators/temporary stop signs pre-reloaded in truck
Reduce this time
Generators Uninterruptible Power Supply Comments
Costs
Capital Cost $8,000/unit $13,000/unit
Operating Cost • Storage/warehousing • Preventive maintenance • Deployment • Refueling (if necessary) • Retrieval
• Spare batteries • Periodic battery check • Battery swap out (if necessary)
Benefits
Savings in personnel cost
$830,000 over six years (2008-2013) $37,000 in 2014 Assumes 2 TCOs or one police would each cover half of the outages
Savings in user cost $28 million over six years $1.4 million in 2014 Sketch planning level estimate
Intangible benefits • Personnel safety • Public safety • Reduced vehicular emissions • Lower fuel consumption
RESULTS
Since 2008, generators have powered traffic signals for more than 10,000 hours or 43% of the time that signals were dark due to power outages.
In calendar year 2013 alone, UPS powered signals for over 3,300 hours.
The response times to signal outages are trending downwards.
BENEFITS
Reduction in motorists’ confusion, enhance safety and operations and have positive environmental impacts
User cost savings of ~$30M in 6 years
Better utilization of city resources - traffic control officers (TCO) and police officers
Labor cost savings to District ~$0.85 M in 6 years
Choose a solution based on analysis Expand coverage programmatically – include
costs into capital budget for signal modification/ construction
Budget for maintenance – make sure to budget for maintenance of the equipment
Reduce response time by fine tuning deployment strategy
Form alliances with non-DOT stakeholders for better coordination and response
Soumya Dey, P.E., PMP Director of Research & Technology Transfer
District Department of Transportation [email protected]