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Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Fundamentals in Technical Document Review
Presented by: Ryan Surmik - ASCO Area Sales Manager
.
Page 2Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Speaker
Ryan SurmikASCO Area Sales Manager
Ryan started his career at ASCO power in 2006 as an
Application Engineer supporting the outside field sales
organization. Since then he’s held positions in Field Sales,
a role as District Sales Manager, and now serves as the
Area Sales Manager in the Southeast.
During his tenure at ASCO, he’s also been responsible for
managing national accounts as well as worked as a
trusted advisor to consulting engineers throughout the
Southeast.
Ryan holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical
Engineering from The Pennsylvania State University and
lives in the metro Atlanta area.
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Today’s webinar is going to walk us through:• Sources or information from the project channel
• Understanding how the project is structured
• How to interpret what is being presented • MasterSpec
• One Line Diagrams
• Addressing Conflicts in the Documentation
• Common mistakes and pitfalls
Learning Objective for Reviewing Documents –
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Sources of Information
• What/Who is driving the design?
• Information Accuracy
• Who/What is the source of information?
• How do we interpret this information?• Per plans and specs?
• Per budget constraints?
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Sources of Information
• Importance of understanding where the information is coming from:
• Who is supplying the information?
• Consultant
• Typically a higher percentage of influence in the design
• Owner
• Typically working hand-in-hand with consulting engineer
• Equally as much say in the design
• Electrical Contractor
• Can offer design assist or in-house engineering
• Distribution
• Compiling and distributing information for vendors to price.
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Sources of Information
• Information Accuracy• Who are we getting the information from?
CONSULTING
ENGINEER
CONTRACTORS
DISTRIBUTIONENGINE
SUPPLIERS
INTRA-
COMPANY
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Project Channels & Sources of Information
• Information Accuracy• Who and where are we getting the
information from?
• Individual pieces make it difficult to get the whole picture.
• Aggregating the information to form the project
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• The Idea – Driven by a customer’s need
• The Narrative – The customer’s needs/wants in broad strokes
• The One Line – Design development
• The Design Spec – Refining the idea, narrative & one-line
These can be interchangeable from design to design as the process is fluid.
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure• What are the pieces of a project?
• Idea
• Sketch
• “Hey, I want something to do this…”
• Generally little to no information
• Requires a lot of follow up questions
• Size? Voltage?
• 3 pole / 4 pole?
• What is the load on the ATS?
• How big is the generator?
• Want this as Service Entrance?
• What size is the Load Bank?
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• What are the pieces of a project?• Narrative
• Typically short and descriptive paragraph outlining overall project description
• “Macro” look at the project
• May or may not be accompanied by one-line
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• What are the pieces of a project?
• Drawings• More likely to see on a day-to-day
• Usually accompanied with a design specification
• Common Types of Drawings• Elevations & Riser Diagrams
• Floor Plan
• Details (Flag Notes)
• Schedules
• One Line Diagram & Symbols
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Common Types of Drawings – Elevation or Riser
• Shows equipment by building level
• In this example:• ATS designation and quantity on
Levels 00 and 03
• ATS Room Locations
• Communication interface between equipment
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Common Types of Drawings – Floor Plan
• Physical position of the equipment
• Based on footprint equipment size and clearances
• Entry and Exit positions
• Estimated or exact room layout
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Common Types of Drawings – Detail Pages
• Contains symbols and abbreviations to help interpret the drawings
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• One Line Diagrams
• Simplified representation of a three-phase power system. Instead of representing each of three
phases with a separate line or terminal, only one conductor is represented.
• Electrical elements such as circuit breakers, transformers, capacitors, bus bars, and conductors
are shown by standardized schematic symbols.
• A form of block diagram graphically depicting the paths for power flow between entities of the
system.
• Elements on the diagram do not represent the physical size or location of the electrical
equipment, but it is a common convention to organize the diagram with the same left-to-right,
top-to-bottom sequence as the switchgear or other apparatus represented.
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• One Line Diagrams – What symbols are we looking for?
• Incoming Transformers – Utility Feeds
• Generator(s)
• Transfer Switch(es)
• Paralleling Switchgear
• Surge Devices
• Roll Up Generator Connection Points
• Interlock Connections
• External Control Wiring Connections
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• One Line Diagrams• Key notes & drawing symbols
• Detail
• Feeder Counts & Lug Sizes
• Additional Symbol more lug info
• Operation
• Best way to transfer power with large motor loads
• Withstand and Close-On Ratings
• What size switch do I need for WCR of 31kA
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• One Line Diagrams – Deciphering the key• Symbols aren’t necessarily consistent
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• One Line Diagrams – More Examples
The MVATS is supposed to be close coupled with the transformer.
The drawing doesn’t specify if the switch, transformer and distribution come from a single manufacturer.
No elevation drawings supplied.
Who is responsible for close coupling and cabling?
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Project Structure
• One Line Diagrams – More ExamplesBill of Material- 4 pole, 480v- Delayed
Transition- WCR
- 3 cycle- 18 cycle- 30 cycle
- Non Bypass
The design (after confirmation) was 100kA rating was a 30 cycle rating.
The WCR changed back to 3 cycle after the coordination study was completed.
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• One Line Diagrams – More Examples
The design (after confirmation) was 100kA rating was a 30 cycle rating.
The WCR changed back to 3 cycle after the coordination study was completed.
72” D$$$
23” D$
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• One Line Diagrams – More ExamplesBill of Material- 1200A, 4 pole, 480v- Delayed Transition- Service Entrance Rated
Specification Notes:
- Bypass Isolation
Where have we seen this before?
The engineer from the previous project is the same engineer for thisproject.
There’s a clear definition for indicating which switch is bypass and non-bypass.
SER – Indicated on dwgVoltage/Current - Indicated on dwgBypass – NOT Indicated on dwg
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• One Line Diagrams• Key notes & drawing symbols
• Details that maybe hidden in plain sight
• Feeder Counts
• Lug Types & Quantity
Straight forward:- 600A, 480V- 3 pole- 50kA WCR- NEMA 1 Enclosed- Refers to cable schedule
Not as straight forward:- Type of lug connections
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• One Line Diagrams• Key notes & drawing symbols
• Details that maybe hidden in plain sight
• Types of Breakers Required
Straight forward:- Size and ratings of the
breakers- Voltage- Board Interrupt Rating
Not as straight forward:- Types of breakers
required
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• Design Specifications• Where do they come from?
• It’s just been there…
• Vendors
• MasterSpec (AIA)
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Project Structure
• MasterSpec• MasterSpec is the only product selection tool that provides the design professional
unbiased, objective information on building products written by professional architects and engineers, and vetted by AIA (American Institute of Architects)-sponsored architectural and engineering review committees.
• Aggregates items and features for consulting engineers to review, edit and tailor to suit their needs
• Lists out standards and offers a road map to how to interpret the project drawings• If edited – Comprehensive & Cohesive
• Good starting point
• If unedited – Confusing & Contradictory
• Legacy System Design Ideas
• Different style of transfers
• Redundant Sections
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Project Structure
• MasterSpec
Tailored MasterSpec Unedited MasterSpec
Me!
Contractor
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• MasterSpec• Lists standards but doesn’t reference that overriding requirements may exist.• NFPA 70 (NEC):
• Art. 700 – Emergency Systems
• Art. 701 – Legally Required Systems
• Art. 702 – Optional Standby Systems
• Art. 708 – Critical Operations Power
• Systems (COPS)
• Art. 517 – Health Care Facilities
• NFPA 110 – Emergency & Standby Power Systems
• NFPA 99 – Health Care Facilities
• UL 1008 – Standard for Automatic Transfer Switches
What MasterSpec Doesn’t List:
• AHJ & Licensing
• Local Electrical Inspectors
• State Agencies
• Fire Marshalls
• The Joint Commission
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• MasterSpecUL 1008 – Standard for Automatic Transfer Switches
• Seven Major Functions of An Automatic
Transfer Switch• Carry Current Continuously
• Detect Power Failures
• Initiate Alternate Source
• Transfer Load
• Sense Restoration of Normal
• Retransfer Load To Normal
• Withstand And Close On Fault Currents
UL1008 Minimum Passing Criteria
• Overload Testing, 6x Rating
• Endurance, 6000 operations at 100% Rating
• Dielectric & Post Overload Temp. Rise
• Withstand & Close on Test
• Must be Operable by Intended Means
• Alternate Contacts Must Exhibit Continuity After Test
• Cabinet Must Remain Closed, No Breakage of Base.
• Conductors Can Not Pull Out of Terminals
• For Short Time Test: ALL Contacts Must Exhibit Continuity AND
Pass Temperature Rise!
• Must be “Like New”
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• MasterSpecUL 1008 – Standard for Automatic Transfer Switches
• Indicating the WCR rating on the drawings (or in specification) for each
ATS will ensure all bidders are supplying proper switch ratings.
• Defines Withstand and Close On – Different than Available Interrupting
Current associated with up-stream protective device.
CURRENT UL1008 Markings
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• MasterSpec• Legacy Technology
• Retain paragraph if require for heavy nonlinear loads. This requirement may result in some suppliers' oversizing certain switches to provide an oversize neutral.
• Unless there is heavy non-linear loads, this paragraph should be removed. All manufacturers will have to double the switch size to meet this requirements.
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• MasterSpec• Contradicting or Confusing Terms
• Lists both Closed Transition, Delayed Transition & In-Phase Monitoring with no direction on where and how to apply it.
• List both Signal Before Transfer Contacts and Motor Disconnect Timing Relay
• Also blurs the application of delayed transition
• Engine Start and Shutdown Contacts
• Transfer Override Switch – When applied requires the manufacturer to list the ATS as Non-Automatic
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“Open” Transition– Conventional 2-position ATS
– True double throw (no intermediate position)
– Single operator:
• Solenoids, charge & close mechanism, linear
motor, or solenoid (mfr. / switch type
dependent)
• Most reliable & cost effective method of
transfer
N E
L
Load on
Normal
N E
L
Load Not
Connected
N E
L
Load on
Emergency
Transfer Switch Transition Types – Quick Recap
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“Delayed” Transition– Other Aliases - Center-Off, Neutral position
– Dual Operators & Switching Mechanisms
• Intermediate position for hot-to-hot transfers
• 0-5 minutes (user selectable based on
applicable motor inertia)
• Commonly used as an alternate to in-phase
transfer
• NOT recommended for life safety/critical
branches; good option for equipment loads
requiring load shed (with paralleling)
Transfer Switch Transition Types – Quick Recap
Load on
Normal
Load Not
Connected
Load on
Emergency
N
L
E
N
L
E
N
L
E
Page 37Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
“Closed” Transition– Make-before-break
– Contacts overlap when both sources are
acceptable & in synchronism
– Load is not disconnected from power during
transfers
– Block load transfer (100ms Overlap)
– Will operate as open transition if transfer fails
Transfer Switch Transition Types – Quick Recap
Page 38
For closed transition to occur the normal and emergency source must:
• Be within +/- 5% voltage differential
• Be within +/- 5 electrical degrees phase angle differential
• Be within +/- 0.2hz of frequency differential.
• Passive Synchronization
• Smooth transition between two live sources by first aligning the voltages and phases
and then connecting both sources and load together
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |
Load on
Normal
Sources
Paralleled
Load on
Emergency
N
L
E
N
L
E
N
L
E
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Transfer Switch Transition Types – Quick Recap
Load on
Normal
Sources
Paralleled
Load on
Emergency
N
L
E
N
L
E
N
L
E
Load on
Normal
Load Not
Connected
Load on
Emergency
N
L
E
N
L
E
N
L
E
N E
L
Load on
Normal
N E
L
Load Not
Connected
N E
L
Load on
Emergency
Open Delayed Closed
$ $$ $$$
If misapplied:• Nuisance tripping of
upstream breakers due to in-rush current
If misapplied:• Center off position may
not be necessary • Added complexity for the
sake of complexity
If misapplied:• Account for protective
relaying requirements for the utility
• Application may not require bump-less hot-to-hot transfer
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“Closed” Transition & Protective Relaying– Utilities may require protective relaying
upstream of the transfer switch to prevent
connection of both source for an extended
parallel condition
Transfer Switch Transition Types – Quick Recap
Load on
Normal
Sources
Paralleled
Load on
Emergency
N
L
E
N
L
E
N
L
E
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Project Structure
• MasterSpec• Confusing Terms
• Lists both Closed Transition, Delayed Transition & In-Phase Monitoring with no direction on where and how to apply it.
• List both Signal Before Transfer Contacts and Motor Disconnect Timing Relay
• Also blurs the application of delayed transition
• Engine Start and Shutdown Contacts
• Transfer Override Switch – When applied requires the manufacturer to list the ATS as Non-Automatic
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
• Specifics ultimately drive the budget
• Specifics can affect the project positively & negatively• Positive – Applying power transition types or bypass isolation to the appropriate loads
• Negative – Applying 65kA of fault to a 30A load
• Design vagueness can cascade to other aspects• Footprints
• Cable Runs
• Control Wiring Runs
• Communication
• Application of products not appropriate for the project
The Importance of Spec Specifics
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Today’s webinar is going to walk us through:• Sources or information from the project channel
• Understanding how the project is structured
• How to interpret what is being presented • MasterSpec
• One Line Diagrams
• Common mistakes and pitfalls
Learning Objective for Reviewing Documents –