Presented by: Ryan Surmik - ASCO Area Sales Manager

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

Fundamentals in Technical Document Review

Presented by: Ryan Surmik - ASCO Area Sales Manager

.

Page 2Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Speaker

Ryan SurmikASCO Area Sales Manager

Ryan started his career at ASCO power in 2006 as an

Application Engineer supporting the outside field sales

organization. Since then he’s held positions in Field Sales,

a role as District Sales Manager, and now serves as the

Area Sales Manager in the Southeast.

During his tenure at ASCO, he’s also been responsible for

managing national accounts as well as worked as a

trusted advisor to consulting engineers throughout the

Southeast.

Ryan holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical

Engineering from The Pennsylvania State University and

lives in the metro Atlanta area.


Today’s webinar is going to walk us through:• Sources or information from the project channel

• Understanding how the project is structured

• How to interpret what is being presented • MasterSpec

• One Line Diagrams

• Addressing Conflicts in the Documentation

• Common mistakes and pitfalls

Learning Objective for Reviewing Documents –


Sources of Information

• What/Who is driving the design?

• Information Accuracy

• Who/What is the source of information?

• How do we interpret this information?• Per plans and specs?

• Per budget constraints?



• Importance of understanding where the information is coming from:

• Who is supplying the information?

• Consultant

• Typically a higher percentage of influence in the design

• Owner

• Typically working hand-in-hand with consulting engineer

• Equally as much say in the design

• Electrical Contractor

• Can offer design assist or in-house engineering

• Distribution

• Compiling and distributing information for vendors to price.



• Information Accuracy• Who are we getting the information from?

CONSULTING

ENGINEER

CONTRACTORS

DISTRIBUTIONENGINE

SUPPLIERS

INTRA-

COMPANY


Project Channels & Sources of Information

• Information Accuracy• Who and where are we getting the

information from?

• Individual pieces make it difficult to get the whole picture.

• Aggregating the information to form the project


Project Structure

• The Idea – Driven by a customer’s need

• The Narrative – The customer’s needs/wants in broad strokes

• The One Line – Design development

• The Design Spec – Refining the idea, narrative & one-line

These can be interchangeable from design to design as the process is fluid.


Project Structure• What are the pieces of a project?

• Idea

• Sketch

• “Hey, I want something to do this…”

• Generally little to no information

• Requires a lot of follow up questions

• Size? Voltage?

• 3 pole / 4 pole?

• What is the load on the ATS?

• How big is the generator?

• Want this as Service Entrance?

• What size is the Load Bank?


Project Structure

• What are the pieces of a project?• Narrative

• Typically short and descriptive paragraph outlining overall project description

• “Macro” look at the project

• May or may not be accompanied by one-line


Project Structure

• What are the pieces of a project?

• Drawings• More likely to see on a day-to-day

• Usually accompanied with a design specification

• Common Types of Drawings• Elevations & Riser Diagrams

• Floor Plan

• Details (Flag Notes)

• Schedules

• One Line Diagram & Symbols


Common Types of Drawings – Elevation or Riser

• Shows equipment by building level

• In this example:• ATS designation and quantity on

Levels 00 and 03

• ATS Room Locations

• Communication interface between equipment


Common Types of Drawings – Floor Plan

• Physical position of the equipment

• Based on footprint equipment size and clearances

• Entry and Exit positions

• Estimated or exact room layout


Common Types of Drawings – Detail Pages

• Contains symbols and abbreviations to help interpret the drawings


Common Types of Drawings – Schedules


Common Types of Drawings – Schedules


Project Structure


• Simplified representation of a three-phase power system. Instead of representing each of three

phases with a separate line or terminal, only one conductor is represented.

• Electrical elements such as circuit breakers, transformers, capacitors, bus bars, and conductors

are shown by standardized schematic symbols.

• A form of block diagram graphically depicting the paths for power flow between entities of the

system.

• Elements on the diagram do not represent the physical size or location of the electrical

equipment, but it is a common convention to organize the diagram with the same left-to-right,

top-to-bottom sequence as the switchgear or other apparatus represented.


Project Structure

• One Line Diagrams – What symbols are we looking for?

• Incoming Transformers – Utility Feeds

• Generator(s)

• Transfer Switch(es)

• Paralleling Switchgear

• Surge Devices

• Roll Up Generator Connection Points

• Interlock Connections

• External Control Wiring Connections


Project Structure



Project Structure

• One Line Diagrams• Key notes & drawing symbols

• Detail

• Feeder Counts & Lug Sizes

• Additional Symbol more lug info

• Operation

• Best way to transfer power with large motor loads

• Withstand and Close-On Ratings

• What size switch do I need for WCR of 31kA


Project Structure

• One Line Diagrams – Deciphering the key• Symbols aren’t necessarily consistent


Project Structure

• One Line Diagrams – More Examples

The MVATS is supposed to be close coupled with the transformer.

The drawing doesn’t specify if the switch, transformer and distribution come from a single manufacturer.

No elevation drawings supplied.

Who is responsible for close coupling and cabling?


Project Structure

• One Line Diagrams – More ExamplesBill of Material- 4 pole, 480v- Delayed

Transition- WCR

- 3 cycle- 18 cycle- 30 cycle

- Non Bypass

The design (after confirmation) was 100kA rating was a 30 cycle rating.

The WCR changed back to 3 cycle after the coordination study was completed.


Project Structure

• One Line Diagrams – More Examples

The design (after confirmation) was 100kA rating was a 30 cycle rating.

The WCR changed back to 3 cycle after the coordination study was completed.

72” D$$$

23” D$


Project Structure

• One Line Diagrams – More ExamplesBill of Material- 1200A, 4 pole, 480v- Delayed Transition- Service Entrance Rated

Specification Notes:

- Bypass Isolation

Where have we seen this before?

The engineer from the previous project is the same engineer for thisproject.

There’s a clear definition for indicating which switch is bypass and non-bypass.

SER – Indicated on dwgVoltage/Current - Indicated on dwgBypass – NOT Indicated on dwg


Project Structure


• Details that maybe hidden in plain sight

• Feeder Counts

• Lug Types & Quantity

Straight forward:- 600A, 480V- 3 pole- 50kA WCR- NEMA 1 Enclosed- Refers to cable schedule

Not as straight forward:- Type of lug connections


Project Structure


• Details that maybe hidden in plain sight

• Types of Breakers Required

Straight forward:- Size and ratings of the

breakers- Voltage- Board Interrupt Rating

Not as straight forward:- Types of breakers

required


Project Structure

• Design Specifications• Where do they come from?

• It’s just been there…

• Vendors

• MasterSpec (AIA)


Project Structure

• MasterSpec• MasterSpec is the only product selection tool that provides the design professional

unbiased, objective information on building products written by professional architects and engineers, and vetted by AIA (American Institute of Architects)-sponsored architectural and engineering review committees.

• Aggregates items and features for consulting engineers to review, edit and tailor to suit their needs

• Lists out standards and offers a road map to how to interpret the project drawings• If edited – Comprehensive & Cohesive

• Good starting point

• If unedited – Confusing & Contradictory

• Legacy System Design Ideas

• Different style of transfers

• Redundant Sections


Project Structure

• MasterSpec

Tailored MasterSpec Unedited MasterSpec

Me!

Contractor


Project Structure

• MasterSpec• Lists standards but doesn’t reference that overriding requirements may exist.• NFPA 70 (NEC):

• Art. 700 – Emergency Systems

• Art. 701 – Legally Required Systems

• Art. 702 – Optional Standby Systems

• Art. 708 – Critical Operations Power

• Systems (COPS)

• Art. 517 – Health Care Facilities

• NFPA 110 – Emergency & Standby Power Systems

• NFPA 99 – Health Care Facilities

• UL 1008 – Standard for Automatic Transfer Switches

What MasterSpec Doesn’t List:

• AHJ & Licensing

• Local Electrical Inspectors

• State Agencies

• Fire Marshalls

• The Joint Commission


Project Structure

• MasterSpecUL 1008 – Standard for Automatic Transfer Switches

• Seven Major Functions of An Automatic

Transfer Switch• Carry Current Continuously

• Detect Power Failures

• Initiate Alternate Source

• Transfer Load

• Sense Restoration of Normal

• Retransfer Load To Normal

• Withstand And Close On Fault Currents

UL1008 Minimum Passing Criteria

• Overload Testing, 6x Rating

• Endurance, 6000 operations at 100% Rating

• Dielectric & Post Overload Temp. Rise

• Withstand & Close on Test

• Must be Operable by Intended Means

• Alternate Contacts Must Exhibit Continuity After Test

• Cabinet Must Remain Closed, No Breakage of Base.

• Conductors Can Not Pull Out of Terminals

• For Short Time Test: ALL Contacts Must Exhibit Continuity AND

Pass Temperature Rise!

• Must be “Like New”


Project Structure

• MasterSpecUL 1008 – Standard for Automatic Transfer Switches

• Indicating the WCR rating on the drawings (or in specification) for each

ATS will ensure all bidders are supplying proper switch ratings.

• Defines Withstand and Close On – Different than Available Interrupting

Current associated with up-stream protective device.

CURRENT UL1008 Markings


Project Structure

• MasterSpec• Legacy Technology

• Retain paragraph if require for heavy nonlinear loads. This requirement may result in some suppliers' oversizing certain switches to provide an oversize neutral.

• Unless there is heavy non-linear loads, this paragraph should be removed. All manufacturers will have to double the switch size to meet this requirements.


Project Structure

• MasterSpec• Contradicting or Confusing Terms

• Lists both Closed Transition, Delayed Transition & In-Phase Monitoring with no direction on where and how to apply it.

• List both Signal Before Transfer Contacts and Motor Disconnect Timing Relay

• Also blurs the application of delayed transition

• Engine Start and Shutdown Contacts

• Transfer Override Switch – When applied requires the manufacturer to list the ATS as Non-Automatic


“Open” Transition– Conventional 2-position ATS

– True double throw (no intermediate position)

– Single operator:

• Solenoids, charge & close mechanism, linear

motor, or solenoid (mfr. / switch type

dependent)

• Most reliable & cost effective method of

transfer

N E

L

Load on

Normal

N E

L

Load Not

Connected

N E

L

Load on

Emergency

Transfer Switch Transition Types – Quick Recap


“Delayed” Transition– Other Aliases - Center-Off, Neutral position

– Dual Operators & Switching Mechanisms

• Intermediate position for hot-to-hot transfers

• 0-5 minutes (user selectable based on

applicable motor inertia)

• Commonly used as an alternate to in-phase

transfer

• NOT recommended for life safety/critical

branches; good option for equipment loads

requiring load shed (with paralleling)


Load on

Normal

Load Not

Connected

Load on

Emergency

N

L

E

N

L

E

N

L

E

Page 37Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |


“Closed” Transition– Make-before-break

– Contacts overlap when both sources are

acceptable & in synchronism

– Load is not disconnected from power during

transfers

– Block load transfer (100ms Overlap)

– Will operate as open transition if transfer fails


Page 38

For closed transition to occur the normal and emergency source must:

• Be within +/- 5% voltage differential

• Be within +/- 5 electrical degrees phase angle differential

• Be within +/- 0.2hz of frequency differential.

• Passive Synchronization

• Smooth transition between two live sources by first aligning the voltages and phases

and then connecting both sources and load together

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

Load on

Normal

Sources

Paralleled

Load on

Emergency

N

L

E

N

L

E

N

L

E



Load on

Normal

Sources

Paralleled

Load on

Emergency

N

L

E

N

L

E

N

L

E

Load on

Normal

Load Not

Connected

Load on

Emergency

N

L

E

N

L

E

N

L

E

N E

L

Load on

Normal

N E

L

Load Not

Connected

N E

L

Load on

Emergency

Open Delayed Closed

$ $$ $$$

If misapplied:• Nuisance tripping of

upstream breakers due to in-rush current

If misapplied:• Center off position may

not be necessary • Added complexity for the

sake of complexity

If misapplied:• Account for protective

relaying requirements for the utility

• Application may not require bump-less hot-to-hot transfer


“Closed” Transition & Protective Relaying– Utilities may require protective relaying

upstream of the transfer switch to prevent

connection of both source for an extended

parallel condition


Load on

Normal

Sources

Paralleled

Load on

Emergency

N

L

E

N

L

E

N

L

E


Project Structure

• MasterSpec• Confusing Terms

• Lists both Closed Transition, Delayed Transition & In-Phase Monitoring with no direction on where and how to apply it.

• List both Signal Before Transfer Contacts and Motor Disconnect Timing Relay

• Also blurs the application of delayed transition

• Engine Start and Shutdown Contacts

• Transfer Override Switch – When applied requires the manufacturer to list the ATS as Non-Automatic


• Specifics ultimately drive the budget

• Specifics can affect the project positively & negatively• Positive – Applying power transition types or bypass isolation to the appropriate loads

• Negative – Applying 65kA of fault to a 30A load

• Design vagueness can cascade to other aspects• Footprints

• Cable Runs

• Control Wiring Runs

• Communication

• Application of products not appropriate for the project

The Importance of Spec Specifics


Today’s webinar is going to walk us through:• Sources or information from the project channel

• Understanding how the project is structured

• How to interpret what is being presented • MasterSpec


• Common mistakes and pitfalls

Learning Objective for Reviewing Documents –
