Presented by: Group E

8/14/2019 Presented by: Group E

1/23

WheatWheatPresented By: Group E


2/23

Introduction & History Zahir Gul

Production

Uses

Issues Muhammad Waqas

Conclusion Muhammad Waqas

Questions and Answers Session

Key Notes


3/23

Appox. 7500 years back

Agriculture Wheat

Wild grass known as Triticeae

Einkon and Emmer were the founders

As food 1100B.C

Introduction & History

Zahir


4/23

Native places Isreal, Turkey, Iraq and

Persian Gulf Bread wheat was in Nile Valley, India, China

and England about back 5,000. By 4,000 BC

Wheat was introduced to by Spaniardsaround 1520 and to American Colonists in

1600

Women played an important role

Introduction & History (Contd)

Zahir


5/23

Time period 1960 1970

Pakistan, India, Mexico and other developingcountries

Based on years of scientific research

wheat production double in a few years

In 1970 Pakistan and India were awarded

The Noble Prize

Green Revolution

Zahir


6/23

Two Season of Wheat

Winter Wheat Planted in Fall Season

Harvested in Summer

Spring Wheat

Planted in Spring Season

Harvested in late Summer

Zahir



7/23

Two crops season

Rabi Crop Planting period October January

Harvested b/w April June

Wheat, Gram, Tabacco, Rape seeds, Mustard etc.

Kharif Crop

Planting period April September

Harvested in October March

Rice, Cotton, Maize, Sugarcane etc.

Zahir



8/23

Production

220 million hectares area producing 725 million metric tons - average of

2700 kg/ha

Pakistan-top ten wheat producing countries why still importing

Spring wheat as a Rabi crop

Punjab (71.17 %) the Sindh (13.38 %) yield per acre in Sindh (2,410 kg)

Punjab (2,316 kg).

Climatic and eco-zones of Pak, Mexico and Egypt

Why their yield is higher?

Mexican varieties in 60s

Pakistan =2325 Kg/ha, Egypt=6338 Kg/ha, Mexico=4752 Kg/ha

Production


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Low yield factors and solutions

twelve production zones (disease prevalence, yield potential, cropping

pattern and climatic factors

Factors of low yield

irrigated areas 80% rest in rain-fed

Delay in sowing (25 oct-15 dec)

Cultivation at optimum time

Prevalence of high intensity of weeds

Imbalance use of fertilizer

Weeds decline 15 to 40 per cent "Pohalli

Production (Contd)


10/23

Cultivation Methods

Crop rotation, weeding and chemical weedicides should be done

Weeds removal within 4-6 weeks of seeding

Recommended dose with 120 liters of water after first irrigation

Healthy, certified seeds

Chemical treatment- Benlate/Vitavax 200 at r 2.5 gms/kg seed

Well drained soil

early sowing and proper spacing(22-23 cm and 5-6deep)

For Good yield-20-22lakh per hectare use 100 to 125 kg seeds

20-22 lakhs per hectare using 100-125 kg of seed

Production (Contd)


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Fertilizers Storage

Nitrogenous and Phosphatic fertilizers 1:1 or 1:1-1/2.

Potassium sulphate =12-15 kgs potash/acre.

proper crop rotation and green manure

water requirements at tillering and between anthesis and grain formation

, 4-6 irrigations

Harvesting 2-3 days earlier in case of semi dwarf improved varieties

moisture is around 16-17 percent

Bring down moisture at 9-10 percent for storage

should be stored in proper clean stores in clean bags to avoid insectdamage

Production (Contd)


12/23

Wheat (Staple food)

Wheat as staple food

Source of energy and strength

Number of dietary constituents

Red wheat, white wheat, bald wheat, bearedwheat, summer wheat and winter wheat

Uses


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Advantages and Disadvantages

Necessary for a healthymetabolism, as it

Prevents breast cancer,gallstone, childhood asthmaand heart risks

Reduces risks of bloodpressure, diabetes and highcholesterol.

Antipyretic, antihydrotic,antibilious, sedative and

having anticancer property Phyto nutrient which promotesbetter health throughmaintaining high blood level.

Celiac disease (anautoimmune disorder) in thesmall intestine.

Diarrhea and fatigue.

Causes skin fungus

Ergot causes convulsions andhyperexitibility


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Procedures to increase yield resistant, high

quality and growth Nanobiotech to face biotic, abiotic stress

Resistant to diseases, salinity and water

logging

Sarsabz

Soghat 90

Jauhar 78( Pavon)

Miracles of Biotech


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Diseases caused by bacteria, virus, parasitic

fungus Leaf rust, stem rust, dwarf bunt, karnal bunt,

ergot, scab and barley yellow spot

Pests like sting bugs, cereal leaf beetle and

leaf maggots

Diseases of Wheat


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Uses (Contd)
http://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://ard.unl.edu/rn/0998/xgraphic/xwheat.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ard.unl.edu/rn/0998/wheatpix.html&usg=__mSXODBzAF0rHPlGpDOqvTjl8v2c=&h=432&w=281&sz=32&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=Se6WH2LA-LVEhM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiseases%2Bof%2Bwheat%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/french/crops/facts/90-008f3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/83-046.htm&usg=__Yd8v2vzk1l1mMMlN60CN8V5RvS8=&h=498&w=356&sz=23&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=5sohU4vG8O29sM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiseases%2Bof%2Bwheat%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG


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Advantages and Disadvantages on Environment

Uses (Contd)

Free air CO2

enrichment (FACE)

Temperature above

30 Celsius Environment friendly

crop

Causes enrichment inair

Monocrop leads to

soil depletion,

removal of minerals,

and soil fertility. Use of pesticide

contaminates soil,

underwater, air and

beneficial microbes.


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Waqas

Issues


19/23

Waqas

Roti, Kapra aur Makan

Source: Geo News Web


20/23

Zamindars System

Unskilled, Uneducated Labours

Price of Fertilizers

DAP (Diammonium phosphate) Rs 4,000 Rs

3,100 Urea Rs 1,120 Rs 640

Use of Banned and Unhealthy Seeds

Delay in Payments

Smuggling

Waqas

Issues


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Land reform

Long term long to farmers

Proper training and education

Availability of seed, fertilizers and pesticides

Waqas

Conclusion


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On time Payments

Strong Checks on Smuggling

Follow the International Trends

Green Revolution

Organic Food

Waqas

Conclusion (Contd)


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Questions and Answers

Thank You for your time!

Documents

Presented by: Group E