PRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY:

F / S U P T H E R B E R T B C E Z A RF / S U P T H E R B E R T B C E Z A R

PRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY:

F / S U P T H E R B E R T B C E Z A RF / S U P T H E R B E R T B C E Z A R

Death and injury to persons and loss and damage to property by fire have reached alarming proportion that the economic and social gains of the society are being continually undermined.

In order to effect a meaningful reduction of the alarming fire losses, there is a need to develop national consciousness and involvement of all persons in the prevention and suppression of fires.

Fire prevention and suppression require the adoption of uniform fire safety standards, the incorporation of fire safety construction and coordination of the activities of all sectors of society on fire safety, prevention and suppression.

In order to effectively implement all efforts to minimize the occurrence of fires and their destructive effects, full financial, equipment and personnel support by the government and the private sector is necessary.

Fire prevention includes all the activity of the BFP that decreases the incidence of uncontrolled fires.

Usually, fire prevention methods used focus on INSPECTION, which include Engineering, Code Enforcement, Public Safety Education and Fire Investigation.

Fire prevention includes all the activity of the BFP that decreases the incidence of uncontrolled fires.

Usually, fire prevention methods used focus on INSPECTION, which include Engineering, Code Enforcement, Public Safety Education and Fire Investigation.

Inspection, including ENFORCEMENT, is the legal means of discovering and correcting deficiencies that pose a threat to life and property from fire. Enforcement is implemented when other methods fail.

EDUCATION informs and instructs the general public about the dangers of fire and about fire safe behavior.

Inspection, including ENFORCEMENT, is the legal means of discovering and correcting deficiencies that pose a threat to life and property from fire. Enforcement is implemented when other methods fail.

EDUCATION informs and instructs the general public about the dangers of fire and about fire safe behavior.

FIRE SAFETY OBJECTIVE(S)

MANAGE FIRE IMPACT

Manage Fire

Manageexposed

PREVENT FIRE IGNITION

Control Heat-Energy

Source(s)

ControlSource-fuelinteraction

Control fuel

+

+

+

THE PRINCIPAL BRANCHES OF THE FIRE SAFETY CONCEPTS

Prevent Fire Ignition

ControlSource-fuelInteractions

Control Heat-energy

Source(s)

Control Fuel

EliminateHeat-energy

Source(s)

ControlHeat-energy

Sourcetransport

Control rate of

heat-energyrelease

Control Heat-energy

Transferprocesses

Control Fuel

transport

EliminateFuel(s)

ControlFuel

Ignitibility

Provide separation

Provide Barrier

Control fuelproperties

Provide Separation

Provide Barrier

Control the Environment

ControlConduction

Control convection

Control Radiation

+

+ +

+ + +

COMPONENTS OF THE“PREVENT FIRE IGNITION” BRANCH OF THE FIRE SAFETY CONCEPTS TREE

MANAGE FIRE

Control Fire by

construction

Control combustion

process

Control theenvironment

Controlfuel

ControlMovement

of fire

ProvideStructural

stability

Control fuel

properties

Control physical properties ofenvironment

ControlFuel

distribution

Limit Fuel

quantity

Control chemicalcomposition ofenvironment

Vent fire

Confine/Contain

fire

Suppressfire

Automatically suppress

fire

Manually suppress

fire

Detect fireApply

sufficient suppressant

Detect fireCommunica

te signalDecide action

Respond to site

Apply sufficient

suppressant

+

+ +

•

+

•

+

COMPONENTS OF THE “MANAGE FIRE ” BRANCH OF THE FIRE SAFETY CONCEPTS

TREE +

•

COMPONENTS OF THE “MANAGE EXPOSED” BRANCH OF THE FIRE SAFETY CONCEPTS TREE

MANAGE EXPOSED

Safeguardexposed

Limitamount exposed

Moveexposed

Detect need

Signalneed

Provideinstruction

Controlfuel

Restrictmovement of exposed

Maintainessential

environment

Defendthe

place

Causemovement of exposed

Providemovement

means

Provide Safe

destination

Provideroute

completeness

Provideprotected

path

Provideroute

access

Providecapacity

Providestructuralstability

Defend against fireProduct(s)

Go to A

Go to A

A

•

•

+

+

• •

•

COMPONENTS OF THE “ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION GUIDE” – A THIRD DIMENSION TO THE FIRE SAFETY CONCEPTS TREE

Accomplish by

administrative action

Accomplish by voluntary

action

Accomplish by

mandatory action

Inspect property

Enforce law

Adopt legislati

on

Accomplish by features of design

Inspect property

Enforce law

Educate user

Educate user

Adopt legislati

on

Accomplish by control of

human action

Accomplish by features of design

Accomplish by voluntary

human action

Motivate user

Inspect property

Educate user

Motivate user

Inspect property

Educate user

+

• •

• • • +

SIMPLIFIED PORTION OF THE FIRE SAFETY CONCEPTS TREE

Prevent Fire Prevent Fire IgnitionIgnition

Manage Fire Manage Fire ImpactImpact

Manage Manage ExposureExposure

Manage Manage FireFire

Limit Limit Amount Amount ExposedExposed

SafeguarSafeguard d ExposedExposed

Objective: Life Objective: Life SafetySafety

SuppreSuppress Firess Fire

Control Control CombustioCombustion Processn Process

Control Fire Control Fire by by ConstructioConstructionn

DefenDefend d ExposeExposed in d in PlacePlace

Move Move ExposeExposedd

General Approach to Assessing Life Safety in Buildings

Step 1 Step 2

Expected Fire

Fire Prevention

Fire Risk Occupant Risk

LifeSafety

Assessment

Occupant Management

Step 3

Fire Management

HUMAN PART OF EQUATION (PANIC, HYSTERICAL, EXPERIENCE)

PUBLIC EDUCATION

LOW LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS

ARSON PROBLEMS

ECONOMICS OF PROTECTION INFLATION AND AUSTERITY

GAINCOVER CRIME

HATRED AND OTHER

EVIL MOTIVES

HUMAN PART OF EQUATION (PANIC, HYSTERICAL, EXPERIENCE)

PUBLIC EDUCATION

LOW LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS

ARSON PROBLEMSARSON PROBLEMS

ECONOMICS OF PROTECTION INFLATION AND AUSTERITY

GAINCOVER CRIME

HATRED AND OTHER

EVIL MOTIVES

1. PREVENT FIRE FROM STARTING

2. PREVENT LOSS OF LIFE AND PROPERTY

3. CONFINE FIRE TO THE PLACE WHERE IT STARTED

4. EXTINGUISHED FIRE

1. PREVENT FIRE FROM STARTING

2. PREVENT LOSS OF LIFE AND PROPERTY

3. CONFINE FIRE TO THE PLACE WHERE IT STARTED

4. EXTINGUISHED FIRE

J/KFM

CAPT

WISH

HOUSE/EDITH

ACTIVE PROTECTION

ACTIVE PROTECTION PASSIVE

PROTECTION

PASSIVE PROTECTIO

N

PUBLIC FIRE PROTECTION

ORGANIZATION

PUBLIC FIRE PROTECTION

ORGANIZATION

PRIVATE FIRE PROTECTION

ORGANIZATION

PRIVATE FIRE PROTECTION

ORGANIZATION

PERIODIC AND REQUEST

INSPECTION

PERIODIC AND REQUEST

INSPECTION

INSPECTION PRIOR TO

ISSUANCE OF OCCUPANCY

PERMIT

INSPECTION PRIOR TO

ISSUANCE OF OCCUPANCY

PERMIT

INSPECTION PRIOR TO

COMPLETION OF BUILDING

INSPECTION PRIOR TO

COMPLETION OF BUILDING

PLANS REVIEW & EVALUATIONPLANS REVIEW & EVALUATION

FOUR STEPSTO

ACHIEVEMENT

Persuade- person at risk of injury to Persuade- person at risk of injury to alter their behavior for increased self alter their behavior for increased self protection for example Installation of protection for example Installation of smoke detector.smoke detector.

Require- individual behavior change Require- individual behavior change by law or administrative rule for by law or administrative rule for example Law requiring the installation example Law requiring the installation of smoke detector for places with of smoke detector for places with sleeping accommodation.sleeping accommodation.

Provide automotive suppression by Provide automotive suppression by product and environmental design. product and environmental design. For example installation of built in For example installation of built in sprinkler system that automatically sprinkler system that automatically extinguish fire.extinguish fire.

FIRE PREVENTION FIRE PREVENTION MANAGEMENT FROM OTHER MANAGEMENT FROM OTHER

COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES

FireFire PreventionPrevention Management Management in Japanin Japan

Guidance on Building Fire Safety and Guidance on Building Fire Safety and Fire Protection Equipment InstallationFire Protection Equipment Installation

At the planning stage of At the planning stage of building construction, attention building construction, attention must be directed to safety and must be directed to safety and disaster preparedness as well disaster preparedness as well as amenity and convenience.as amenity and convenience.

Through a building plan approval process, the TFD provides inspection and guidance on fire prevention to builders. The TFD makes building fire safety inspection on receipt of the report on the completion of a building or the change of a building use.

HazardousHazardous

Materials Materials

Safety Safety MeasuresMeasures

Hazardous materials Hazardous materials facilities must obtain facilities must obtain permission through permission through document review from document review from the TFD prior to the TFD prior to construction, construction, remodeling or materials remodeling or materials replacing. Newly replacing. Newly constructed facilities constructed facilities are then inspected in are then inspected in terms of ongoing safety.terms of ongoing safety.

Fire Prevention InspectionFire Prevention Inspection

Inspections are given to both Inspections are given to both buildings and hazardous materials buildings and hazardous materials facilities to assess fire protection facilities to assess fire protection management, fire protection management, fire protection equipment, etc. Building owners equipment, etc. Building owners with grave violations are subject to with grave violations are subject to administrative disposition, and are administrative disposition, and are urged to make rapid corrections urged to make rapid corrections wherever necessary.wherever necessary.Fire prevention inspections are Fire prevention inspections are conducted prior to the inauguration conducted prior to the inauguration of socially important events and of socially important events and other large-scale events.other large-scale events.

Fire Protection Management Fire Protection Management GuidanceGuidance

For independent worksite fire For independent worksite fire protection management we give protection management we give guidance to building owners guidance to building owners managers and others in the managers and others in the selection of fire protection selection of fire protection managers and the preparation of managers and the preparation of fire protection plans.fire protection plans. We give disaster

education and worksite fire brigade training guidance to fire protection managers and others so that they can take suitable action at the early stage of a disaster.

In The United StatesIn The United States

The Fire Prevention Division The Fire Prevention Division is responsible for the is responsible for the enforcement of City laws, enforcement of City laws, codes, and ordinances, codes, and ordinances, including the International including the International Fire Code and nationally Fire Code and nationally recognized standards. recognized standards. 

Through plan review, inspections, meetings with citizens and design professionals, and continuing education, the Prevention staff works toward the protection of life and property from the effects of fire.

The Fire Prevention Division is administered The Fire Prevention Division is administered by the Fire Marshal.  His staff includes Fire by the Fire Marshal.  His staff includes Fire Protection Engineers who perform many Protection Engineers who perform many tasks, including the technical review and tasks, including the technical review and approval of construction, development, approval of construction, development, and fire protection system plans.and fire protection system plans.  

Fire alarm system, fire sprinkler system, building construction, site utility, and various other plans are reviewed to ensure that buildings have adequate access roads, sufficient water supplies and fire hydrants, and correctly designed fire protection systems

The Prevention staff also The Prevention staff also performs various inspections performs various inspections to ensure the correct to ensure the correct installation and maintenance installation and maintenance of fire protection systems, of fire protection systems, and to verify compliance with and to verify compliance with all permit applications.  all permit applications.  Permits are issued for such Permits are issued for such items as items as flammable/combustible liquid flammable/combustible liquid tanks, agricultural burning, tanks, agricultural burning, propane exchange cages, propane exchange cages, and all types of fire protection and all types of fire protection systems.  Prevention staff systems.  Prevention staff also supports firefighting also supports firefighting personnel through code personnel through code interpretations and technical interpretations and technical assistance during annual assistance during annual inspections of local inspections of local businesses within the Citybusinesses within the City

Fire Department Bureau of Prevention and Investigation Fire Department Bureau of Prevention and Investigation supervised by the Fire Marshal is charged with two primary supervised by the Fire Marshal is charged with two primary functions aimed at minimizing or preventing damage to life and functions aimed at minimizing or preventing damage to life and assets as a result of fire. These functions are:assets as a result of fire. These functions are:

Implementation of required fire safe and law enforcement sections. These activities include managing the residential wildfire hazard reduction programs, new land development fire safe standards, monitoring high voltage power line compliance, and investigate the cause, origin and responsible act of all vegetation fires.

The Bureau is responsible The Bureau is responsible for fire investigation and for fire investigation and fire and life safety fire and life safety programs in the direct programs in the direct protection areas. These protection areas. These include commercial include commercial occupancy permitting occupancy permitting and annual inspection, and annual inspection, public education, and public education, and individual hazard individual hazard abatements. The Bureau abatements. The Bureau is also responsible for is also responsible for issuing open burning issuing open burning permits .permits .

  The Mayor created a Fire The Mayor created a Fire Sprinkler Task Force before Sprinkler Task Force before he signed Local Law 10 of he signed Local Law 10 of 1999, which required fire 1999, which required fire sprinklers and other sprinklers and other protection measures in protection measures in certain residential certain residential occupancies. For the first occupancies. For the first time, this law will require time, this law will require adding fire sprinklers into all adding fire sprinklers into all new construction that houses new construction that houses more than three families and more than three families and during substantial during substantial renovations of these renovations of these buildings and developing fire buildings and developing fire safety plans in high-rise safety plans in high-rise residential buildings.residential buildings.

The Task Force currently is The Task Force currently is working on legislation to working on legislation to expand the original law to expand the original law to require the installation of require the installation of emergency voice emergency voice communication systems. communication systems. The Task Force also is The Task Force also is looking at installation looking at installation during new construction or during new construction or substantial renovations of substantial renovations of one-, two- and three-family one-, two- and three-family homes.homes.

In June 1999, the In June 1999, the Department initiated a Department initiated a project to reconfigure its project to reconfigure its Fire Prevention Districts Fire Prevention Districts to correspond to its Field to correspond to its Field Force Divisions. This Force Divisions. This reorganization is reorganization is designed to create a designed to create a cohesive relationship cohesive relationship between the Fire between the Fire Prevention force and the Prevention force and the local companies on local companies on issues involving building issues involving building violations and hazards.violations and hazards.        

Fire Prevention PlanningFire Prevention PlanningMajor workplace fire hazards and their proper handling and storage procedures

Type of fire protection equipment or systems which can control a fire

Potential ignition sources for fires and their control procedures

Regular job titles of personnel responsible for maintenance of equipment and systems installed to prevent or control ignition of fires and for control of fuel source hazards

Fire Prevention Plan Requirements

A fire prevention plan must be in writing, be kept in the workplace, and be made available to employees for review. However, an employer with 10 or fewer employees may communicate the plan orally to employees.

At a minimum, your fire prevention plan must include:

A list of all major fire hazards, proper handling and storage procedures for hazardous materials, potential ignition sources and their control, and the type of fire protection equipment necessary to control each major hazard.

Procedures to control accumulations of flammable and combustible waste materials.

The name or job title of employees responsible for maintaining equipment to prevent or control sources of ignition or fires;

The name or job title of employees responsible for the control of fuel source hazards.

An employer must inform employees upon initial assignment to a job of the fire hazards to which they are exposed. An employer must also review with each employee those parts of the fire prevention plan necessary for self-protection.

Performance& Result Oriented Performance& Result Oriented ManagementManagement(MBO by Peter Drucker 1949(MBO by Peter Drucker 1949))

Elements of Effective PoliciesElements of Effective PoliciesI. Formulate PoliciesI. Formulate Policies

1.1. Set goals and objectives, and priorities in Set goals and objectives, and priorities in terms of available resources and results to terms of available resources and results to be accomplished in a given time.be accomplished in a given time.

2.2. Develop plans for accomplishment of resultDevelop plans for accomplishment of result

II. Implement PlansII. Implement Plans

Assign responsibilities, delegate authority and Assign responsibilities, delegate authority and allocate resourcesallocate resources

Use functionally oriented management system Use functionally oriented management system to coordinate organizational resources and to coordinate organizational resources and performanceperformance

Involve people in productive activity through Involve people in productive activity through shared performance target and work processes shared performance target and work processes and through training and reinforcement of and through training and reinforcement of positive job related behaviorspositive job related behaviors

Track productivity indications and progress Track productivity indications and progress towards end resultstowards end results

III. Evaluate ResultsIII. Evaluate Results

Evaluate outputs and outcomes in terms Evaluate outputs and outcomes in terms of effectiveness (including quality) of effectiveness (including quality) efficiency and economyefficiency and economy

Generate and implement improvements Generate and implement improvements in objectives, results, and administrative in objectives, results, and administrative processes (to increase productivity processes (to increase productivity through improved technology, better through improved technology, better utilization of people)utilization of people)

Management Basic- program Management Basic- program management boils down to balancing management boils down to balancing the 3 classic concerns of public the 3 classic concerns of public administration- getting the right things administration- getting the right things done (effectiveness), accomplishing done (effectiveness), accomplishing them in the right way (efficiency), and them in the right way (efficiency), and limiting the use of scarce resources limiting the use of scarce resources (economy).(economy).

Programs- ongoing activities that flow from Programs- ongoing activities that flow from the Department’s mission statements and the Department’s mission statements and directly accomplished goals and objectives directly accomplished goals and objectives articulated by that statement (e.g., the articulated by that statement (e.g., the maintenance of a fire prevention as public maintenance of a fire prevention as public education activity)education activity)

Typically, training, maintenance, pre-Typically, training, maintenance, pre-fire planning and other on going activities fire planning and other on going activities are called are called programs.programs.

Project- any short term activity that will not Project- any short term activity that will not be repeated and typically results in be repeated and typically results in tangible end products, such as new fire tangible end products, such as new fire station or a task force report may be station or a task force report may be labeled a “labeled a “projectproject”. Charts, graphs, ”. Charts, graphs, computers and specialized and cost computers and specialized and cost production methodologies and evaluation production methodologies and evaluation technologies would use more other project technologies would use more other project end. end.

Program Management takes Program Management takes place and then turns to 3 place and then turns to 3 dimensions of program dimensions of program management:management:

1.1. Setting program objectives (deciding Setting program objectives (deciding what to do)what to do)

2.2. Implementing them (getting it done)Implementing them (getting it done)

3.3. Evaluating the results (determining how Evaluating the results (determining how will it was done)will it was done)

Program Management Strategies-where Program Management Strategies-where should the program manager begin? should the program manager begin? Here is a checklist of strategies that Here is a checklist of strategies that may be helpful at the outset:may be helpful at the outset:

1.1. ListeningListening

2.2. Doing seed work for future projectDoing seed work for future project

3.3. having visibility within the organizationhaving visibility within the organization

4.4. Conducting yourself with openness and Conducting yourself with openness and honesty: building trusthonesty: building trust

5.5. Giving credit to others even if its your own idea-Giving credit to others even if its your own idea-especially in the mediaespecially in the media

6.6. Giving prompt positive feedbackGiving prompt positive feedback

7.7. Taking reasonable riskTaking reasonable risk

8. Releasing sincere compliments publicly8. Releasing sincere compliments publicly

9. Observe protocol9. Observe protocol

10. being aware of implied power10. being aware of implied power

11.Seeking win-win vs lose situation 11.Seeking win-win vs lose situation (managing the situation so that everyone (managing the situation so that everyone comes out with something positivecomes out with something positive ) )

12. Sharing ownership12. Sharing ownership

13. Working with line people13. Working with line people

14. Information sharing before taking action 14. Information sharing before taking action shipsships

15. Being open to alternative.15. Being open to alternative.

The program manager must make The program manager must make certain that two sets of activities takes certain that two sets of activities takes place during the policy formulation or place during the policy formulation or planning stage:planning stage:

Goals, objectives, and priorities must be Goals, objectives, and priorities must be set in terms of available resources and set in terms of available resources and results to be accomplished in given results to be accomplished in given time.time.

Plans must be developed for Plans must be developed for accomplishing resultsaccomplishing results

GoalsGoals-expected long term results in 3.5 -expected long term results in 3.5 or 7 yearsor 7 years

ObjectivesObjectives- shorter operating period such - shorter operating period such as quarter, semiannual or annuallyas quarter, semiannual or annually

-objectives need to be stated in terms of -objectives need to be stated in terms of expected behavior, a scientific final result, expected behavior, a scientific final result, dates for tracking accomplishments and dates for tracking accomplishments and necessary resources and limits. Example “To necessary resources and limits. Example “To reduce residential fires by 10% during this year reduce residential fires by 10% during this year 2006”, or “to reduce average response time to 2006”, or “to reduce average response time to fires from 8 to 7 minutes by the 3rd quarter of fires from 8 to 7 minutes by the 3rd quarter of the year with present work force and budget the year with present work force and budget level”.level”.

Developing Action PlansDeveloping Action Plans

The program managers develop action plans to determine The program managers develop action plans to determine how to achieve specific objectives. The following how to achieve specific objectives. The following steps might be proposed to accomplish the objective steps might be proposed to accomplish the objective of reducing response time:of reducing response time:

1.1. Identify cause of late arrivalsIdentify cause of late arrivals2.2. Select causes that are easiest to eliminateSelect causes that are easiest to eliminate3.3. Develop alternative solutionsDevelop alternative solutions4.4. Test alternative, andTest alternative, and5.5. Routinely implement workable actionsRoutinely implement workable actions

In action planning, as this example shows, In action planning, as this example shows, management has to make two (2) initial management has to make two (2) initial determinations:determinations:

1.The sequence of action required to achieve the objectives

2.Related time schedule

Tentative plans may have to be tested and Tentative plans may have to be tested and required prior to full scale commitment to required prior to full scale commitment to action. Operating level manager must be action. Operating level manager must be directly in valued in these determination.directly in valued in these determination.

If you don’t know exactly where you are going, How will you know when yoy get there?

SchedulingScheduling The tools and techniques used by project management The tools and techniques used by project management

since the 50’s have been developed through multi since the 50’s have been developed through multi disciplinary effort. The best examples of these were disciplinary effort. The best examples of these were originally developed by the US Navy to monitor the Polaris originally developed by the US Navy to monitor the Polaris Subject. They are known as PERT (Program Evaluation Subject. They are known as PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique and CPM (critical Path Method). and Review Technique and CPM (critical Path Method). The key element of PERT is planning. It is simple and The key element of PERT is planning. It is simple and straightforward. You think through the entire project, straightforward. You think through the entire project, itemize every critical task necessary to accomplish the itemize every critical task necessary to accomplish the objective, think about how and when these task will be objective, think about how and when these task will be done and what implications one task may have for another. done and what implications one task may have for another. After thinking through the project, the manger is able to After thinking through the project, the manger is able to construct a network of relationship and interdependencies. construct a network of relationship and interdependencies. The mechanical part of PERT is a graphic display of a The mechanical part of PERT is a graphic display of a network of various tasks and their relationship and network of various tasks and their relationship and calculation of the interdependent values. PERT invalues calculation of the interdependent values. PERT invalues mapping out the sequence of steps necessary to carry out mapping out the sequence of steps necessary to carry out a program or project.a program or project.

A

B

C

D E F1

22

2

2

1

1

In a PERT Diagram, the circle letters represent events In a PERT Diagram, the circle letters represent events that must occur before a project can be completed. The that must occur before a project can be completed. The arrow between the events represents the sequence of arrow between the events represents the sequence of events and the relationship among them. Although events and the relationship among them. Although arrow length is unimportant, for display purposes it arrow length is unimportant, for display purposes it helps to scale and proportion the overall chart. The helps to scale and proportion the overall chart. The number on the arrow represents limits of time required number on the arrow represents limits of time required for the activity between events.for the activity between events.

In the figure above, it takes two weeks to In the figure above, it takes two weeks to complete the activity between A and B. The longest complete the activity between A and B. The longest path through the network is the critical Path (CP), and path through the network is the critical Path (CP), and for this network it is A-B-D-E-F, for a total of 7 weeks. for this network it is A-B-D-E-F, for a total of 7 weeks. Since all the other paths through the network take less Since all the other paths through the network take less time, the critical paths is the one that determines the time, the critical paths is the one that determines the earliest date for project completion.earliest date for project completion.

Administrative ProcedureAdministrative Procedure

One action plans are made, it is necessary to allocate One action plans are made, it is necessary to allocate resources, establish essential administrative rules and resources, establish essential administrative rules and procedure, and assign formal responsibilities and procedure, and assign formal responsibilities and authority. Accountability is thus fixed, since someone authority. Accountability is thus fixed, since someone has been identified to make sure that steps are taken has been identified to make sure that steps are taken and objectives are accomplished. In results oriented and objectives are accomplished. In results oriented management, these administrative procedures are management, these administrative procedures are designed to help accomplish results rather than to designed to help accomplish results rather than to provide negative controls over people and their actions. provide negative controls over people and their actions. In short, In short, administrative procedures are expected to administrative procedures are expected to provide frameworks oriented towards results.provide frameworks oriented towards results.

Features that is possible at this stage:Features that is possible at this stage: Managers sometimes ERR in facing a Managers sometimes ERR in facing a

centralized” One best way” on operating levels, centralized” One best way” on operating levels, without allowing flexibility. Such rigidity may without allowing flexibility. Such rigidity may promote failure.promote failure.

Manager may require excessive or overly Manager may require excessive or overly complex paperwork and documentation, even complex paperwork and documentation, even where flexibility is encouraged.where flexibility is encouraged.

Managers may violate the purposes of results Managers may violate the purposes of results oriented management by tying it too closely to oriented management by tying it too closely to individual performance reviews and individual performance reviews and compensation.compensation.

ImplementationImplementation

Four managerial activities contribute to getting Four managerial activities contribute to getting objectives accomplishedobjectives accomplished

1.1. Assign responsibilities, delegate authority, and allocate Assign responsibilities, delegate authority, and allocate resources to individuals as teamresources to individuals as team

2.2. Use functionally oriented management system to Use functionally oriented management system to coordinate organizational resources and performancecoordinate organizational resources and performance

3.3. Invalue people in productive activity through shared Invalue people in productive activity through shared performance target and work processes and provide performance target and work processes and provide training ad reinforcement of positive job related training ad reinforcement of positive job related behaviorsbehaviors

4.4. track productivity indicators and measures progress track productivity indicators and measures progress towards end resultstowards end results

The managers most The managers most important activities during important activities during implementation are:implementation are:

1.1. To assign responsibilities, delegate authority and To assign responsibilities, delegate authority and allocate resourcesallocate resources

2.2. Management system must be functionally oriented if Management system must be functionally oriented if they are to coordinate organizational resources they are to coordinate organizational resources and performance for implementationand performance for implementation

3.3. Work rulesWork rules4.4. Performance targetsPerformance targets5.5. Work processesWork processes6.6. Tracking progress(monitoring)Tracking progress(monitoring)7.7. Evaluation resultsEvaluation results

performance measurementperformance measurement Efficiency comparisonEfficiency comparison Quality measureQuality measure Program evaluationProgram evaluation

F/SUPT HERBERT B CEZAR, Ed. DF/SUPT HERBERT B CEZAR, Ed. D..

We will risk our lives a lot, in a We will risk our lives a lot, in a calculated manner to save SAVABLE calculated manner to save SAVABLE LIVES.LIVES.

We will risk our lives a little, in a We will risk our lives a little, in a calculated manner to save SAVABLE calculated manner to save SAVABLE PROPERTY.PROPERTY.

We will not risk our lives at all for We will not risk our lives at all for lives or property that are already lives or property that are already LOST.LOST.