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PRESENTED BY : ALOK RAJ
MECHANICAL ENGG. 0901222169
GIACR ENGG COLLEGE.
TRUCKS N TRAINS …………
CAPSULE TRANSPORT ????????
PNEUMATIC CAPSULE TRANSPORT??????
WHAT IS PCP ????? It is the transport of materials by
CAPSULES propelled by air moving through a pipeline
CONSTITUENTS :-
CAPSULELOADING STATIONPIPELINE WITH AIR SUPPLYUNLOADING STATION
RECTANGULAR PCP:Rectangular capsule in Rectangular Pipe
Capsules of rectangular cross-section used in tunnel construction
Use of rectangular PCP for shallow underground construction
ROUND(cylindrical) PCP:Round capsule in Round pipe
Use of round pipes PCP buried deep underground
Round pipes for PCP
Loading/unloading station motor control unit
CAPSULE LINKAGE & END DISCS
LAYOUT OF PCP SYSTEM
ADVANTAGESLow power requirement
Useful regenerative effect from CAPSULES traveling down hill
Dust explosion hazards are minimized
Reduction in traffic congestion , air & noise pollution
Economic development of nation Fully automatic and unmanned , hence safer and convenient
Weather proof , theft proof , strike proof
Reducing dependence petroleum products
PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS
PROBLEMS :PROBLEMS : Low line fill rate because of :-
* use of blowers * inline loading & unloading
High capital cost SOLUTIONS :
Using ELECTROMAGNETIC capsule pumps (like LIM) instead of blowersDeveloping offline loading/unloadingUsage over longer periods of time on large scale
PRINCIPLE OF LIM (Linear Induction Motor)
As capsules of metallic walls enter the LIM an electromagnetic thrust is generated on the capsule to accelerate and push it forward . Here there is no contact between the capsules and pipeline , hence doing away with the wheels. It can also be used for :
#capsule injection/ejection #climbing steep slopes #capsule speed control #system control purpose They are placed only on strategic locations.
LIM at university of Missouri LIM capsule pump concept
COST EFFECTIVE APPLICATIONS OF PCP
Tunnel construction
Transporting mails & parcels , Municipal wastes
Delivering goods on pallets
Dispatching containers from sea ports to inland inspection
Ferrying trucks with cargoes
Geological disposal of high level radioactive waste
The Images of a Comprehensive Pneumatic Transportation System for Geological Disposal Facilities
Horizontal to Vertical transport of capsules using elevators
Horizontal to Vertical transport of capsules by using LIMs
Horizontal-to-vertical transport of PCP capsules using LIMs instead of elevators
RADIOACTIVE DISPOSAL A shaft is excavated in the
rock for transportation. The container containing waste package is inserted from the top of the shaft and then it is transported through the ascending air current to the bottom of the shaft by controlling the pressure difference between the upper and lower part using a blower on the top of the shaft
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Using Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) instead of LIMUse of large conduits for carrying large size cargoesDeveloping a reliable system based on bar code scanningTechnique for in-situ recoating of pipeDetermining newer offline loading/unloadingDeveloping special design for pipeline to avoid fatigue failure of pipe endsInvestigation for economic and market for PCP systems
Differences between PCP and self-propelled-vehicles-in-tube (SPVT) systems
•The capsules in PCP have no propulsion system.
•For PCP, energy transfer is from air to capsules; for SPVT energy transfer is from vehicles to the surrounding air. •The tube diameter required for PCP is much smaller than that required by SPVT systems.
• A PCP system is less costly than an SPVT system that has the same transportation capacity.
CONCLUSIONJapan has successfully used such PCPs for
transporting minerals, construction materials and solid wastes.
Great advancement in PCP technology has taken place in the last 30 years, enabling the use of large capsules (wheeled vehicles) to move freight through large-diameter pipes or conduits.
CONCLUSION(contd.)• The use of PCP for freight transport in large
cities can play a significant role in reducing the need for using trucks for freight delivery. The cities will benefit in many ways, including reduction of traffic jams, accidents air pollution, and noise caused by trucks.
• PCP is generally more cost-effective than SPVT systems due to the use of smaller diameter tubes and passive vehicles
CONCLUSION(contd.)
• A potential beneficial use of PCP is to transport containers from and to large seaports. Such use will greatly enhance port security, and benefit surrounding cities.
• R & D is needed to plan and design an optimal intermodal transport system for using PCP to move containers.
CONCLUSION(contd.)So far no application of PCP has been
developed in our country. The current transportation paradigm based on the inefficient use of polluting and non-renewable fossil fuel and characterized by frustrating and costly waits in the traffic won’t last longer in our society. The day is not far when the entire world would be networked together with pneumatic tubing.