Presentation Transmission Line Design Rev0

8/11/2019 Presentation Transmission Line Design Rev0

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Asif BhangorChartered Civil/ Structural Engineer, Australia

Transmission Line Engineering


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Introduction

Transmission Lines are used in transmission of electricity

from location of power generation to the a terminal yard.

High Voltage Transmission lines typically range from

132kV to 330kV/ 400kV and 1000kV.

Environmental, Electr ical, Geotechnical and Civil/

Structural Engineering work together to deliver

sustainable solutions to the community in terms of its

power needs.

Purpose of this presentation is to provide technical

knowledge and awareness to relevant disciplines


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Environmental Issues

Initially a transmission line is planned to take a certain

route from start to finish dependent on generation

requirements and load connection points.

It is responsibility of an Environmental Engineers to worktogether with relevant community members/ engineering

authorities so as to select a route and obtain approval

from stakeholders/ government authorities.

Issues may range from vegetation, heritage, social,

political, earth potential rise, low frequency induction

including other engineering aspects


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Electrical Issues

Depending upon power requirements certain voltage

levels are planned for transmission of electricity from

generation to the terminal end.

It is responsibility of Electrical Engineers to worktogether with relevant authorities so as to finalize the

conductor selection, insulator selection and fittings for

the transmission line.

Issues may range from voltage losses, earth potentialrise, low frequency induction, sag and tensions, span

lengths, profiling, tower spotting and electrical

clearances.


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Civil/ Structural/ Geo Issues

After finalization of span lengths and conductorclearances (ground, equipment etc.) a structural system

for carrying the conductors is established.

It is responsibility of a Civil/ Structural Engineer to work

together with the Electrical Engineer so as to finalize thedesign of the structures for the transmission line.

Issues may range from load calculation, modelling of

towers, structural and foundation design, load testing,

fabrication and installation.

Finalise foundation design parameters for foundations


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Transmission Line Engineer

Civil/ Structural Engineer

Geotechnical Engineer

Environmental Engineer

Electrical Engineer

Understanding who we are


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Electrical Design - 1

Conductor Selection using optimum span selection

Hardware selection using design load generated from

selected span loadings and serviceability requirements

Tower spotting using PLS CADD software


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PLS CADD Software

Represents all structures with all attached cables and insulators

Strings and sags the line interactively or automatically

Performs any sag and tension calculation, including the effect of

creep


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PLS CADD Software

A 3-dimensional terrain model lets:

Select the route

Automatically draw the required

vertical clearance line for any

specified voltage

Import terrain data from GPS,

photogrammetry or total station

surveying equipment


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PLS-CADD Screenshot

Rio Tinto 220kV Transmission Line Profiled in PLS-CADD


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Tower Design - 1

Clearance Diagrams

Transmission Line Engineer

responsible to establish

minimum requirements for

clearance to the structure


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Tower Design - 2

Structural Design

Transmission Line Engineer responsible to design the Steel

structure for strength and serviceability requirements

PLS Tower is a specialised software used for design of steel

towers


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Tower Design - 3

Structural Design Process in PLS Tower


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Tower Design - 4

Structural Design Code

Design of latticed steel is carried out based on ASCE 10-90 and

relevant editions

Based on member design for compression and tension only

Some members are subject to bending

Horizontal members where man-load during installation is possible Crossarms

Some members are subject to bending and compression, check

for combined action


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Tower Design - 5

Structural Modelling in PLS Tower


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Tower Design - 6

Structural Analysis in PLS Tower


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Installation of Towers - 1

Tower Installation in China (Beijing 2008) prior to the load test


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Typical crossarm end connection


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Connecting the base at the test pad


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Tower Loading Gantry

Loading gantry connects to the tower using a cable (capacity 210kN) and is pulled with

hydraulic machinery controlled by a Control Room Operator during testing


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Tower Testing 1Tower testing in China for the Neerabup 330kV Double Circuit Towers

2 suspension tower during loading broken

wire case (October 2008)

45 strain tower during assembly one day

prior to load test (November 2008)


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Tower Testing 2

Tower testing in China for the Neerabup 330kV Double

Circuit 90 strain/ terminal tower (November 2008)

*Photo taken from the loading gantry at the 100m

level above ground

90 strain/ terminal tower before final load test


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Destruction Test - Example


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Destruction Test - Example

Tower Test in China (Beijing, November 2008)


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Tower Testing 3

A video


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Site Assembly Works - 1

Sorting all steel work at the site location


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Assembly on the ground prior to erection


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Erecting the towers


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Tower Assembly Video


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Foundation Design

Typical Pile Foundation


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The future brings

Existing transmission lines need maintenance in harshclimates (such as high winds, corrosive, ice).

Existing transmission lines need upgrade to carry more

electricity and therefore assessment of structural integrity is

needed.

High electricity demand requires more transmission lines to

be built in many areas for national development.

Transmission Line Engineers need to be more aware of

developing tools for effective power transmission thereby

reducing losses to the generation => Converting Lines from

AC to DC.


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Questions?

Documents

Presentation Transmission Line Design Rev0