Presentation RO

8/4/2019 Presentation RO

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REVERSE OSMOSIS TECHNOLOGYREVERSE OSMOSIS TECHNOLOGY

FOR WATER TREATMENTFOR WATER TREATMENTAND WASTEWATER RECYCLINGAND WASTEWATER RECYCLING

RANJEET CHOWDHARYRANJEET CHOWDHARYFontus Water Ltd.Fontus Water Ltd.


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WHY TREAT WATER.WHY TREAT WATER.

Water scarcityWater scarcityIncreased level of contaminantsIncreased level of contaminantsDepletion of natural sourceDepletion of natural sourceIncreasing cost of Water Increasing cost of Water Availability of refined technologiesAvailability of refined technologiesCost reduction in different areasCost reduction in different areas


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OverviewOverview

The Membrane Filtration SpectrumThe Membrane Filtration SpectrumMembrane products and configurationsMembrane products and configurationsRORO -- Basics, Equations, TerminologiesBasics, Equations, TerminologiesRO System DesignRO System DesignEquipment and InstallationsEquipment and Installations


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M icrofiltrationM icrofiltration

Separation mechanism based on pore size of Separation mechanism based on pore size of 00..11 toto 11 micronmicronPressure requirements independent of osmoticPressure requirements independent of osmotic

pressure of solutionpressure of solutionUsually fullUsually full- -flow rather than crossflowflow rather than crossflow


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Feed

Macromolecules

Ions

Suspended Particles

Concentrate

Product

Water Flow

M icrofiltrationM icrofiltration


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U ltrafiltrationU ltrafiltration

Separation mechanism based on pore sizeSeparation mechanism based on pore sizeof up toof up to 0 0..11 micronmicronPressure requirement independent of Pressure requirement independent of

osmotic pressureosmotic pressureCrossflow filtration to provide sweeping flowCrossflow filtration to provide sweeping flowat membrane surfaceat membrane surface


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U ltrafiltrationU ltrafiltration

Feed

MacromoleculesIons

Concentrate

Product

Water Flow


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N anofiltrationN anofiltration

Minimum size rejected on order of oneMinimum size rejected on order of onenanometer nanometer Between RO and UFBetween RO and UF

Operates at ultralow pressureOperates at ultralow pressureSelective permeation of ionic salts and smallSelective permeation of ionic salts and smallsolutessolutes


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Feed

Macromolecules

Monovalent Ions

Concentrate

Product

Water Flow

Polyvalent Ions

N anofiltrationN anofiltration


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Membrane ProcessMembrane ProcessCharacteristicsCharacteristics


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R everse OsmosisR everse Osmosis

Fundamentals of M

embranes andR

everse OsmosisFundamentals of M

embranes andR

everse Osmosis


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Application of pressure greater than osmoticApplication of pressure greater than osmoticpressure of solutionpressure of solutionDiffusion of water but not salt through aDiffusion of water but not salt through a

semipermeable membrane in directionsemipermeable membrane in directionopposite of natural flowopposite of natural flowCrossflow filtration to sweep awayCrossflow filtration to sweep awayconcentrated saltsconcentrated salts


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M ajor DesalinationM ajor DesalinationProcessesProcesses

Raw Water Salt Concentration (mg/l)Raw Water Salt Concentration (mg/l)

Ion Exchange

Electrodialysis

Distillation

TAP WATER Elements

BRACKISH WATER Elements

SEA WATER Elements

SW HR

600

10,000

1,00050Reverse Osmosis

300

50

50 10,000

40,000

50,000

20,000

10,000

2,000

50,000

100100,,0000001010


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Feed

Ions

Concentrate

Product

Water Flow


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REVERSE OSMOSIS REVERSE OSMOSIS

What is reverse osmosisWhat is reverse osmosisWhat quality of water can be obtainedWhat quality of water can be obtainedMaintenance and operating costMaintenance and operating costOther advantagesOther advantagesDisadvantageDisadvantage


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WHAT IS REVERSE OSMOSIS WHAT IS REVERSE OSMOSIS

Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis is a modern processis a modern processtechnology by which water of high solutetechnology by which water of high soluteconcentration is forced to flow through aconcentration is forced to flow through asemisemi- -permeable membrane to the side of lowpermeable membrane to the side of lowsolute concentration.solute concentration.


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What is semiWhat is semi- -permeable?permeable?

SemiSemi- -permeable refers to a membranepermeable refers to a membranethat selectively allows certain speciesthat selectively allows certain species

to pass through it while retainingto pass through it while retainingothers.others.


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Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis PrinciplePrinciple

Conc

Dilute Conc

Dilute

OsmosisOsmosis ReverseReverseOsmosisOsmosis


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MEMBRANE PROCESSMEMBRANE PROCESS

FEEDFEED PERMEATEPERMEATE

CONCENTRATECONCENTRATE


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RO Membrane SeparationRO Membrane SeparationMechanismMechanism

Concentrated

Salts

FEED

FLOWH2OH2O

H2O

H2O Mg

Cl

Fe++

HCO 3 Ca

SO 4Na+

++

++

Membrane

Pressure

H2O H2OH2O

H2O H2OH2O

Permeate


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RO Spiral Wound ElementRO Spiral Wound ElementSchematicSchematic


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M embranes Products andM embranes Products andConfigurationsConfigurations

M embranes Products andM embranes Products and ConfigurationsConfigurations


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M embrane M aterialsM embrane M aterials

Cellulose Acetate (CA)Cellulose Acetate (CA)

Polyamide (PA)Polyamide (PA)


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Typical MembraneTypical MembranePropertiesProperties

ol te MembraneP Membrane

oi m 8 99 9 99

lori e 8 99 9 99

alci m 9 99+ 98 99+

Ma nesi m 9 99+ 98 99+

lpate 9 99+ 98 99+

arbonate 9 99+ 98 99+

on cti it 8 99 97 99ilica 8 9 98+

ases


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Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis

ParameterParameter ValueValue

PHPH 33 1010TemperatureTemperature < < 4545 CC

TurbidityTurbidity < < 11..00 NTUNTU

Silt density indexSilt density index < < 44..00

Oil & greaseOil & grease NilNil

Free chlorineFree chlorine < < 00..0101 mg/lmg/l

Fe, MnFe, Mn


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TREATMENT SCHEMEFOR REVERSE OSMOSIS

Dosingtank

RawWater Tank

Water

Cart-ridgefilter

MG

F

RO

Reje

ct

DosingTank

Treatedwater

N aOH

RWP

SBS,SH M P,

HCl

HPP

ACF


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Impurities in Water Impurities in Water

IonicIonicNon IonicNon IonicParticulateParticulate

MicrobiologicalMicrobiologicalGasesGases


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R O R emovesR O R emoves

IonicIonicNon ionicNon ionicParticulateParticulateMicrobiologicalMicrobiological


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R everse Osmosis:R everse Osmosis:What It Can DoWhat It Can Do

Remove purified water from a feedRemove purified water from a feedstream (permeate)stream (permeate)Concentrate chemicals in a feedConcentrate chemicals in a feedstream (reject)stream (reject)Selectively separates small ionsSelectively separates small ionsand moleculesand molecules


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Reverse Osmosis:Reverse Osmosis:What It Cannot DoWhat It Cannot Do

Cannot concentrate toCannot concentrate to 100 100%%Cannot separate toCannot separate to 100 100%%

Cannot reject gasesCannot reject gasesAnd isAnd isNot always the most cost effectiveNot always the most cost effective

methodmethod


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Factors Which AffectFactors Which AffectPerformance of M embranesPerformance of M embranes

Feedwater PressureFeedwater PressureFeedwater TemperatureFeedwater TemperatureFeedwater ConcentrationFeedwater ConcentrationIncreased RecoveryIncreased Recovery


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Comparative PropertiesComparative Properties

Property CA Membrane PA Membrane

Advantages Forgiving High RejectionLower Energy

DisAdvantagesHigher Pressure Low Cl2 Tolerance

Higher Energy High FoulingpH Sensitive


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R ule of ThumbR ule of Thumb

100100 ppm TDS ~ppm TDS ~ 1 1 psi osmotic pressurepsi osmotic pressure11,,000000 ppm TDS ~ppm TDS ~1010 psi osmotic pressurepsi osmotic pressure

3535,,000000 ppm TDS ~ppm TDS ~350350 psi osmotic pressurepsi osmotic pressure


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Pressure Driven M embranePressure Driven M embraneProcessesProcesses - - PressuresPressures

MembraneMembrane Typical OperatingTypical OperatingProcessProcess Pressure RangePressure Range

(PSI)(PSI)Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis

seawater seawater 0000 -- 12001200brackish water brackish water 100 100 -- 600600

NanofiltrationNanofiltration 50 50 -- 225225UltrafiltrationUltrafiltration 30 30 -- 100100MicrofiltrationMicrofiltration 2 2-- 4545


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M embrane ConfigurationsM embrane Configurations

M embrane ConfigurationsM embrane Configurations


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Spiral Wound R everse OsmosisSpiral Wound R everse Osmosis

Brine Channel Spacer

ProductWater

MembranesPermeat e

Channel Spacer

Water Flow

Feed

Brine

Brine

ProductWater

Brine Seal


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System DesignSystem Design

System DesignSystem Design


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OverviewOverview

Goal of System DesignGoal of System DesignSimplified Overview of SystemSimplified Overview of SystemDifferent Types of ConfigurationsDifferent Types of ConfigurationsElement SelectionElement SelectionOther Factors to be Aware Of Other Factors to be Aware Of Finding Out Customers NeedsFinding Out Customers NeedsFactors Affecting RO PerformanceFactors Affecting RO PerformanceMembrane Company ProjectionsMembrane Company Projections


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R O Pretreatment OptionsR O Pretreatment Options

Suspended Solids RemovalSuspended Solids RemovalClarificationClarificationFiltrationFiltration

Primary Membrane UF/MF/EDRPrimary Membrane UF/MF/EDRControl of biological activityControl of biological activity

Chlorination/dechlorinationChlorination/dechlorinationChloraminesChloramines

Non Oxidising BiocidesNon Oxidising BiocidesUltraviolet LightUltraviolet Light


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R O Pretreatment OptionsR O Pretreatment Options

Scale control & pH adjustmentScale control & pH adjustmentAntiscalant AdditionAntiscalant Addition

Acid AdditionAcid AdditionIon ExchangeIon Exchange

PretreatmentPretreatment


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R O Systems DesignR O Systems Design

Module (Element): Contains MembraneModule (Element): Contains MembraneTube:Tube: Modules in Series (Modules in Series (1 1 -- ))Stage:Stage: Set of Tubes in ParallelSet of Tubes in ParallelArray:Array: No. of Stages, Tubes/StageNo. of Stages, Tubes/StageTrain:Train: Set of all of the AboveSet of all of the Above


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System DesignSystem DesignIntroductory R emarksIntroductory R emarks ..

System supplier System supplier

GoalGoal : : Minimize feedMinimize feedpressure and membrane costspressure and membrane costswhile maximizing salt rejectionwhile maximizing salt rejectionand recoveryand recovery


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ConfigurationConfigurationTypes/TerminologyTypes/Terminology

Array / StageArray / StageAn Array is a series of parallel vessels withAn Array is a series of parallel vessels withcommon feed, product and reject linescommon feed, product and reject lines

PumpPump

RecycleRecyclePermeatePermeate

ConcentrateConcentrate


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ConfigurationConfigurationTypes/TerminologyTypes/Terminology

DoubleDouble- -pass = Permeate Stagedpass = Permeate StagedRefers to configuration where permeate fromRefers to configuration where permeate fromfirst array passes as feed to another arrayfirst array passes as feed to another array

PumpPump

FeedFeedWater Water

ConcentrateConcentrate(drain)(drain)

ConcentrateConcentrate(sidestream)(sidestream)

PermeatePermeatePassPass 1 1 PassPass 2 2


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SingleSingle Module SystemModule System

Use if flow rate is lowUse if flow rate is lowUse for low recoveryUse for low recovery

PumpPumpConcentrateConcentrate

PermeatePermeate


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SingleSingle- -Array with ParallelArray with ParallelConfigurationConfiguration

Flow rate can be higher than inFlow rate can be higher than insinglesingle- -modulemoduleUse for low recoveryUse for low recovery

PumpPump


PermeatePermeate


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M ultiM ulti--Array Array

7 57 5% recovery% recoveryUse for higher recoveryUse for higher recoveryUse as way to increase recoveryUse as way to increase recovery

PumpPump


PermeatePermeate


((22 Array)Array)


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M ultiM ulti--Array Array

~~ 55% recovery% recoveryReject from first array feeds intoReject from first array feeds into

second arraysecond array

PumpPump

PermeatePermeate

ConcentrateConcentrate((33 Array)Array)

l d ll d l


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R ecirculation and R ecycleR ecirculation and R ecycle

Way to increase recovery byWay to increase recovery byrecirculating reject to increase feedrecirculating reject to increase feedflowflow

PumpPump

RecycleRecyclePermeatePermeate



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Double Pass andDouble Pass andPermeate StagedPermeate Staged

Permeate from first array goes intoPermeate from first array goes intoanother arrayanother arrayUse when standard permeate quality isUse when standard permeate quality is

not sufficientnot sufficient

PumpPump

FeedFeedWater Water

ConcentrateConcentrate(drain)(drain)

ConcentrateConcentrate(sidestream)(sidestream)

PermeatePermeatePassPass 1 1 PassPass 2 2


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E lement SelectionE lement Selection

Element Grade vs. Feed TDSElement Grade vs. Feed TDS


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Element Grade vs. Salt RejectionElement Grade vs. Salt Rejection>> 00% TW% TW>> 55% BW% BW>> % SW% SW>> % SW/HR% SW/HR

Dow Filmtec Information

E l S l iE l S l i


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Element Grade vs. Feed PressureElement Grade vs. Feed Pressure300300 psipsi TWTW600600 psipsi BWBW

11,,000000 psipsi SW, SW/HRSW, SW/HRDow Filmtec Information

E l S l iE l S l i


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LengthLengthNeeded recoveryNeeded recoveryAvailable spaceAvailable space

Diameter Diameter

Required permeate flowRequired permeate flow Element Diameter Element Diameter


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Pressure Drop by VesselPressure Drop by Vessel

Total Pressure Drop = 20 psi

3-5 psi Pressure Drop per element

400

psi

30

psi

3 5psi

3 5psi

3 0psi

Oth F t t b A fOth F t t b A f


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Other Factors to be Aware of..Other Factors to be Aware of..

One to seven elements per pressureOne to seven elements per pressurevesselvesselMaximum feed flowMaximum feed flow physical limitationsphysical limitations

Minimum brine flow or maximum ratio of Minimum brine flow or maximum ratio of permeate flow to feed flowpermeate flow to feed flow concentrationconcentrationpolarizationpolarizationRecoveryRecovery



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Other Factors to be Aware of..Other Factors to be Aware of..System Design GuidelinesSystem Design Guidelines

Fouling and/or scaling tendency of feedFouling and/or scaling tendency of feedmost influences system designmost influences system designTendency for fouling increases withTendency for fouling increases with

increasing permeate flux and increasingincreasing permeate flux and increasing

element recoveryelement recoveryOnly experience can set limits onOnly experience can set limits onpermeate flux and element recovery for permeate flux and element recovery for specific feedspecific feed

Use system design guidelines whenUse system design guidelines whenprevious experience is not availableprevious experience is not available



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Other Factors to be Aware of Other Factors to be Aware of Specification Flow Rate vs.Specification Flow Rate vs.Actual Flow Rate of ElementActual Flow Rate of Element

Specification performance vs. actualSpecification performance vs. actualperformanceperformanceActual performance depends onActual performance depends on

operation condition such asoperation condition such astemperature changes, water chemistry,temperature changes, water chemistry,and system designand system design

Oth F t t b AOth F t t b A


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Other Factors to be AwareOther Factors to be Awareof..of..

Fouling factor conceptFouling factor conceptBWBW 11..00 initial to .initial to . 5 5 inin 33 yearsyearsSWSW 11..00 initial to .initial to . in in 33 yearsyears

Factors Which AffectFactors Which Affect


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Factors Which AffectFactors Which AffectPerformance of MembranesPerformance of Membranes

PretreatmentPretreatmentFeedwater TemperatureFeedwater TemperatureFeedwater Concentration andFeedwater Concentration and

analysisanalysisRecoveryRecovery

What FO N TU S Offers ?What FO N TU S Offers ?


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What FO N TU S Offers ?What FO N TU S Offers ?

Total Water ManagementTotal Water ManagementSingle source responsibilitySingle source responsibilityConsistent QualityConsistent QualityAssured PerformanceAssured PerformanceMinimized RiskMinimized RiskReturn on InvestmentReturn on InvestmentValue added ServicesValue added ServicesUtility management (O&M)Utility management (O&M)

Objectives & ConsiderationsObjectives & Considerations


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Objectives & ConsiderationsObjectives & Considerations

Consistent complianceConsistent complianceMinimizing operating costsMinimizing operating costsMinimizing wasteMinimizing wasteMinimizing energyMinimizing energyLower maintenanceLower maintenance

Bottle N ecksBottle N ecks


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Bottle N ecksBottle N ecks

Physical impuritiesPhysical impurities Colour, Odour Colour, Odour

High BOD & COD.High BOD & COD.

High dissolved solids.High dissolved solids.

Bacterial contamination.Bacterial contamination.

SolutionSolution


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Solution...Solution...

FO N TU S offers Cutting E dge TechnologyFO N TU S offers Cutting E dge Technologyto overcome these bottle necks using:to overcome these bottle necks using:

M icrofiltrationM icrofiltrationU ltrafiltrationU ltrafiltrationN anofiltrationN anofiltrationR everse OsmosisR everse OsmosisIon Ex changeIon Ex changeprocessprocess

PackagePackage


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PackagePackage

Sewage Treatment PlantSewage Treatment Plant

Simplicity of designSimplicity of designValue for moneyValue for moneyEasy to installEasy to install

Proven performance andProven performance andReliabilityReliabilityBest suited for small industrialBest suited for small industrial

units and small communityunits and small community

sewagesewage

STP Performance DataSTP Performance Data


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S.No.

Characteristics Influent TreatedSewage

1 pH 6.5 7.5 6.5 7.5

2 Biological o x ygendemand (BOD)

350 400 mg/l 20 30mg/l

3 Chemical o x ygendemand (COD)

500 600 mg/l 1 50 200mg/l

4 Suspended Solids(SS)

250 mg/l 20 50mg/l

STP Performance DataSTP Performance Data

TREATMENT SCHEME


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TREATMENT SCHEMEFOR RECYCLE

Effluenttreatment

plant

Effluent

UF RO feedtank

Cart-ridgefilter

ACF

RO

Reject

DGBlower

Recycledwater

N aOH

By passflow RO reject

For irrigationTDS < 2100 ppm

By passflow

SBS,

SH M P,HCl

HPP

Reject to ETP

FO N TU S WAT ER LIMI TE DFO N TU S WAT ER LIMI TE D


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FO N TU S WAT ER LIMI TE DFO N TU S WAT ER LIMI TE D

OrganizationOrganization

Established inEstablished in 20012001Market leaders in the field of water andMarket leaders in the field of water and

waste water treatmentwaste water treatment

Established new trend of packaged water Established new trend of packaged water and waste water plants.and waste water plants.Supplied more thanSupplied more than 3500 3500 systems.systems.Client base of more thanClient base of more than 2500 2500ISOISO 001001::20002000 CompanyCompany

ProductsProducts SystemsSystems


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ProductsProducts SystemsSystems

Treatment Plants for:Treatment Plants for:Drinking water Drinking water Municipal WasteMunicipal Waste

Water Water

Industrial WasteIndustrial WasteWater Water MembraneMembrane

DesalinationDesalination

Recycling of WasteRecycling of WasteWater Water

ServicesServices


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ServicesServices

Process knowProcess know- -howhowDesign & detail EngineeringDesign & detail EngineeringSupply, Construction & InstallationSupply, Construction & Installation

Personnel TrainingPersonnel TrainingTurnTurn- -key Plantskey PlantsAfter Sales serviceAfter Sales serviceOperation & MaintenanceOperation & Maintenance

Waste Water TreatmentWaste Water Treatment


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Waste Water TreatmentWaste Water Treatment

E ffluent Treatment Plantfor the following sectors:

Sugar Te x tiles

Tannery Paper Distillery OthersSewage Treatment Plants

How to reachHow to reach


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How to reachHow to reachFO N TU S WAT ER ?FO N TU S WAT ER ?

FONTUS WATER LTDFONTUS WATER LTD1010TH FLOOR, BLOCKTH FLOOR, BLOCK- -BB5050, CHOWRINGHEE ROAD, CHOWRINGHEE ROAD

KOLKATAKOLKATA 7 00 7 17 00 7 1Voice:Voice: 00 100 1 ((3333)) 400343 7 400343 7 MOBILE:MOBILE: 0 33 2 310 33 2 31


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