Presentation on World Trade Organization (WTO)

8/14/2019 Presentation on World Trade Organization (WTO)

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Mehedi Hasan Md. HRahman

Associate Professor andBusiness Administration


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GLADIAT Salahuddin Yousu

07 03 30

Sandip Sarker# 07 03 35

ArifuzzamanKhan07 03 44


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WTO- IN BRIEF Commenced on Bretton woods.

GATT-The general agreement on tariff andtrade was formed on 1948

Signed by 23 countries

Decided to form it in Geneva conference1994

Official Formation-January 1, 1995

Signed by 128 countries Headquarter- Geneva, Switzerland

Membership -153 member states

Director General- Pascal Lamy

Meeting every two years

A global organization dealing with rules of trade bnations


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Objectives

Trade without discrimination.

To set and enforce rules for internationaltrade.

To resolve trade disputes.

To increase the transparency of decision-making processes .

To cooperate with other major

international economic institutionsinvolved in global economicmanagement.

To help developing countries benefit fullyfrom the global trading system.

To provide forum for negotiating and

a

int

L

P

G


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Principles of the tradsystem

Non-Discrimination

The most favored nation(MFN) rule

The national treatmentpolicy.

Reciprocity

Binding and enforceablecommitments

Transparency.

Safety valves


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ROUNDS &SUMMITS/CONFERENCES

GENEVA ROUND OF ANNECY


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GENEVA ROUND OFGATT

April 1947 7 months

23 countries

Signing of GATT,

45,000 tariffconcessionsaffecting $10billion of trade

ANNECYOF GATT

April 1

5 mon

13 cou

Countexchsom

tarifconc

TORQUAY ROUND


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TORQUAY ROUNDOF GATT

September 1950

8 months

38 countries

Countriesexchangedsome 8,700

tariffconcessions,cutting the1948 tariff

levels by 25%

GENEVA OF GATT

Januar

5 mon

26 cou

admisJapabillio

redu


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OF GATT

September 1960

11 months

26 countries

Tariff concessionsworth $4.9billion of world

trade

KENNEDYGATT

May 1

37 mo

62 cou

Anti-dTarifconc

worbilliotrad


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Doha Round- Doha sum

, , , , , labor standards environment competition investment tron agricultural products and substantial reduction of doe them effective


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Result of Doha round Agricultura

lsubsidiesvs.marketaccess

Non-agriculturalmarket

access


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Cancun summit

Held at Cancn, Mxico

Aimed at forging agreement on the DohaDevelopment Round.

Underdeveloped countries' demand for areduction or even total elimination of su

Imperialist countries' fear of the damathey could do each another if one implements a different farming subsidieto the current one.


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Criticisms

The conflictingpositions overfarming subsidieswere the mainstumbling block ofthe WTOnegotiations inCancun

Faced with thedemands of the

most


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Hong Kong summit

Aim is to agree on formulas and other det

will determine the scale of reductions inon thousands of products and on farmsubsidies.

To settle a range of questions that will shafinal agreement of the Doha Developme

Agenda, which members hope to complyear later, at the end of 2006

Agreed to phase out all their agricultural esubsidies by the end of 2013, and termiany cotton export subsidies by the end

Leavin some ma or issues for further


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Results

Poor countrieswere not asunified as before

Allowing richcountries to gainmanyconcessionsfrom the poor,with very little in

return


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Geneva summit

Prime purpose was to

remedy a breach ofprotocol requiringtwo-yearly "regular"meetings.

Scaled-down" meetingwould not be anegotiating session

"The WTO, theMultilateral TradingSystem and the

Current Global


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Results..

Contradiction onfarming subsidies.

Favor anintensification ofprotectionist

tendencies andthe jettisoning ofpreviousagreement.

Finally the talks

broke down


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Agreements


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Agreement on AgriculturOverviewCame into effect in

1995.

Three central

concept:Domestic

support

Market accessand

Ex ort

Criticism

Criticized by civil groups for redutariff protectionsmall farmers.

Allowed rich councontinue payinfarmers massivsubsidies whichdeveloping coucannot afford.


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Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects ofIntellectual Property Rights

International

agreementadministered byWTO.

Sets down minimum

standards for manyforms of intellectualproperty (IP).

Negotiated at the end

of the Uruguay


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Continued..

Nations' laws must

meet for: Copyright rights

The rights ofperformers,

Producers of

soundrecordingsandbroadcastingorganization

s;

Criticism

Wealthredistrieffects

Artificial s

Integrated circuit layo ;PatentsMonopolies for the deve ;Trademarks ;Trade dress

S it d Ph t S it (SPS


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Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPSAgreementOverview Negotiated during

the UruguayRound

Under thisagreement setsconstraints onmembers'policies relating

to food safety &

Criticism

Quarantine bacan be a 'tectrade barrierto keep out fcompetitors

The burden of on countriesdemonstratescientifically

something is

Agreement on Technical Barri


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Agreement on Technical Barrito Trade (TBT) Entered into force with the establishment of the W

beginning of 1995. Ensuring regulations, standards, testing, and certif

procedures do not create unnecessary obstacletrade.

Prohibits technical requirements created in order t

trade, as opposed to technical requirements crelegitimate purposes

Encourages countries to recognize the results of ocountries' conformity assessment tests

Members are strongly encouraged to adopt interna

standards as their technical requirements when

The Agreement on Textiles and


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The Agreement on Textiles andClothing (ATC)

Introduced in 1974 as a short-term measu

intended to allow developed countries tto imports from the developing world.

It expired on 1 January 2005.

Bangladesh was expected to suffer the mo

the ending of the MFA, as it was expecteface more competition, particularly from

Poorer countries within the developed woras Greece and Portugal, are expected toout.

Eff f h A T il d


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Effect of the Agreement on Textiles andClothing in Bangladesh

From 1995-2005 more industrialized countries

consented to export fewer tex

less industrialized countries enj

increased quotas for exportintextiles.


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Cont

exportmarket

USA (textile)USA(clothing)

EU (textile) E(

market sharein 1995


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Cont.

Market shares for Bangladeshi textiles in t

and both textiles and clothing in the EuUnion have changed during the time pethe ATC.

uncertain whether these favorable export

markets will remain since the expirationATC in 2005.

Textile exports from Bangladesh to the UnStates did increase by 10% in 2009.


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Achievements

Not far the pictures of


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Not far.the pictures ofKhulna

i i i


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CriticismS.


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Thank you

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Presentation on World Trade Organization (WTO)