Thermal Efficiency Improvement on UNILAG Steam BoilerBy Dukor
Kenechi Franklin120404036, Department of Mechanical
Engineering,University of Lagos.ContentPurposeUNILAG Steam Boiler
as Case StudyMethods of Calculating Boiler LossesCalculation for
the losses in the boilerLosses From Input and Output ParameterGraph
of Percentage Losses on BoilerFAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA)Corrective
ActionsPurpose Show an evaluation of the operation efficiency
(Thermal) of UNILAGS Boiler Show various losses experience in the
boilerShow the causes of these performance degradation and its
performance analysisSuggest corrective actions to eliminate the
efficiency lossWhat is Heat TransferHeat transfer describes the
exchange of thermal energy, between physical systems depending on
the temperature and pressure, by dissipating heat
UNILAG Steam Boiler as Case Study
PROPERTIES OF THE BOILERIt is a fire-tube steam boilerIt
generates low pressure saturated steam below 100psig Hot combustion
gases are produced by burning diesel oil.
Methods of Calculating Boiler LossesThe indirect method of
determining efficiency will be used for measuring all the losses
occurring in the boilers.This method is used because the errors in
measurement do not make significant change in efficiency.
Calculation for the losses in the boilerThe indirect method for
calculation losses in a boiler was used.Indirect method is used
where the efficiency is the difference between the losses and the
energy input.
The parameter calculated to get the losses in the boiler
are:
Losses From Input and Output ParameterSo the major heat losses
in boiler occurs due to Dry heat gas loss (7.302%),Loss due to
hydrogen in fuel (4.55%),Loss due to moisture in fuel (2.39%) and
Partial combustion of C to CO (2.32%). Graph of Percentage Losses
on BoilerFAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA)Percentage losses were identified
in boiler Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) The heat rate fault tree is
used to identify areas in the plant where heat rate degradation may
be occurring without conducting expensive tests. The fault tree is
structured to provide a process by which decisions can be
determined that narrow down the cause of the problem based on
available information. FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA)CORRECTIVE
ACTIONSDry gas lossesCategory of lossesCorrective ActionsIncorrect
fuel-toair ratioProper O2 monitoring system Incomplete
combustionChange in Diesel qualityCollect diesel sample and analyze
the diesel quality periodically.Moisture lossesChange in ambient
conditionsAdjust the primary air temperature at air
PreheaterConclusionThe major causes of degradation in thermal
efficiency were Dry heat gas loss (7.302%), Loss due to hydrogen in
fuel (4.55%), Loss due to moisture in fuel (2.39%) and Partial
combustion of C to CO (2.32%) And can be corrected following the
Fault TreeTHANK YOU
