New actor in sustainable development policies:

RDAs as a level of analysis, through Renewable Energy

Projects

Aim: to scrutinize the renewable energy projects (solar, wind, geothermal, biomass) supported by 26 Regional Development Agencies between 20010-2014.

Q: What are the differences between different regions regarding renewable sources and their evaluation by RDAs?

Q: What is the role of RDAs regarding prioritization of renewable projects?

Q: Who are the main stakeholders and beneficiaries (profit or non-profit organizations)?

Q: Outputs in term of budget, production? Projections? Implementation or feasibility?

Q: RDAs a new actor in regional sustanible development policies?

Outline

I. Turkey – (sustainable) development perspective?II. New actor in sustainable development: Regional

Development agenciesIII. Case study & Findings

TURKEYTurkey is a democratic, secular, parliamentary republic largely located in Western Asia with the portion of Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe

Area: 780,580 sq. km. 301,000 Square Miles Population: 73,000,000 (2010))GDP per capita: 10,830 US $

• unitary structure in terms of administration

LOCALCENTRAL

Sustainable Development in Turkey

• Fairly successful record with Millenium Development Goals: Ex: eradicating extreme Shortcomings: Gender Equality&Environmental Sustainability

• Environmental pressure from urbanization,energy,industry, transport,tourism. Large scale energy and transport projects, rapidly increasing GHG emissions.

• Loss of biodiversity and habitats.• EPI 2014: 66 out of 178

Energy Policies

• Fossil fuel based economy• Fossil fuel energy consumption %90• Coal, Oil, Natural Gas %30 each• Energy Dependency %70 • Major cause for trade deficit (%50) 40 billion

USD/year

Renewable Energy• Total Installed Power: 70GW- 10 GW Renewables• Huge untapped potential of renewables• 48 GW Wind• 56 GW Solar• Solar radiation values are similar to Spain and Portugal.

• 2030 targets: Hydro 34GW• (2000 planned plants creating conflicts) • Wind 20GW (Now 4GW)• Solar 5 GW (None)• Geothermal and biomass 1GW

• A new era in sustainable / regional development perspective

Regional Development Agencies have initiated a new era in Turkey, which focused on centralized policies until today, bringing a boost to local actor participation in the economy

Since the 1960’s, Turkey has followed centralized and sector-based development approach.

(former) State Planning Organization: it held the decision-making power by itself.

• In this regard, the integration of regional / local dimension into five-year national development plans has been difficult ; actors in the provinces and local actors as well are not included

• With development agencies; Turkey gave up its development policies

based on the incentive system and the implementation of five-year national development plans that has been in effect for 50 years.

New Regional Development according to The General Activity Report (Ministry of Development)

Competition Strategy CooperationSustanaibilityGovernance

Development agencies in Turkey, creating a new regional institution level, namely, the intermediate level between national and local levels, constitute the institutional base of the new development approach.

The Ministry of Development is one of the new ministries established in 2011 (instead of State Planning Organization)

• Development agencies are designed as regional, with their resources and technical knowledge, to support the established development policies at the regional level and provide their implementation, monitoring, and evaluation through the logic of the strategic plan.

• “In other words, it means the region being a pioneer in development and the participation of local actors, too, in decisions and activities related to development.”

In a nutshell;

• development agencies are new and important institutions concerning:

of the development approach

from discourse to practice

Institutional capacity in regions

Actively participate in utilization of resources in the field of regional development

• Beyond all this, the agencies have started to cause the creation of a consciousness of development

III.Can regional development be sustainable

through renewable energy?

NUTS 2 (26 statistical regions)

O 10 O 11 O 12 O 13 O 140

10

20

30

40

50

60 # of projects by year

İzmir Southern Aegean Eastern Anatolia İpekyolu Ahiler 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

3533

13 1312 12

Most active RDAs in Renewables 2010-2014

Aegean32%

Marmara20%

Central Anatolia18%

Eastern Anatolia11%

South Eastern Anatolia

7%

Mediterranean7%

Black Sea3%

Projects by Region

Turkey Wind&Solar Atlas

Solar55%

Wind11%

Both31%

Other3%

Projects by type of sources

Public 44%

Civil Society 7%

Private 48%

Beneficiary

Local Gov60%

Central Gov40%

Beneficiary in Public

Imple-mentation

85%

Feasibility15%

Nature of renewable energy projects

Beneficiary51%

Agency49%

Budget

Conclusion • Small Steps• Strengthening local actors• Mostly Solar (see the map) Wind less likely• Implementation but small output• Small share in overall installed Renewable Energy • Public: Univ,Schools,local Authorities• Private: SME• Aegean Region pioneer • Limited autonomy: under the tutelage of the Ministry of

Development.• Co-financing&Call for proposals (EU)

Yeditepe University / Department of Public AdministrationISTANBUL/TURKEY

baris.baykan@yeditepe.edu.tr hande.tek@yeditepe.edu.tr

@barisgencbaykan@handetekturan