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Present Status on OrganicPresent Status on Organic

Vegetable Farming in NepalVegetable Farming in Nepal

Presentation byShrestha k. Rajan

Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyGathaghar, Bhaktapur

January 16, 2010



INTRODUCT IONINTRODUCT ION

What is Organic Farming?What is Organic Farming?

Organic Farming is an agricultural system that promotes environmentally,Organic Farming is an agricultural system that promotes environmentally,socially, economically sound production of food, fiber, timber etc.socially, economically sound production of food, fiber, timber etc.

Organic agriculture is one of several approaches to sustainable agricultureOrganic agriculture is one of several approaches to sustainable agriculturedevelopment practiced today, which is ecologically safe, economicallydevelopment practiced today, which is ecologically safe, economicallyviable and socially acceptable.viable and socially acceptable.

In reality, organic production is a consistent system approach based on theIn reality, organic production is a consistent system approach based on the

perception that tomorrow¶s ecology is more important than today¶sperception that tomorrow¶s ecology is more important than today¶seconomy.economy.



Current statistics on OrganicCurrent statistics on OrganicLand AreaLand Area

The ten cou ntries wi

th m ost organic agricultural lan d 2006

604'571

825'539

880'000

926'392

930'965

1'148'162

1'620'351

2'220'489

2'300'000

12'294'290

- 2 '0 00 '0 00 4 '0 00 '0 00 6 '0 00 '0 00 8 '0 00 '0 00 1 0'0 00 '0 00 1 2'0 00 '0 00 1 4'0 00 '0 00

UK

Germany

Brazil

Spain

Uruguay

Italy

USA (2005)

Argentina

China

Australia

He ctare sSource: FiBL Survey 2008Willer/ Yusse fi-Men zler/ Sorens en 20 08



IntroductionNepal¶s organic agricultural production has a relatively short history. Adoptionof organic farming is quite slow and extension is sluggish as well.

Organic Industry is too small and a long way to go in Nepal .

A systemic approach to promote sustainable and organic agriculture in Nepalwas initiated in 1986 with the establishment of the Institute for Sustainable

Agriculture Nepal (I NSA N)

A commercial organic farm was established in 1989 under the leadership of Lotus Organic Farm, set up by Mrs. Judith Case.

In all there are about 80 national and international organizations directly or

indirectly working in this area.

As reported by International Federation of Organic Farming Movement(2006 ), the number of organic Farms in Nepal is 1297 and the area under organic management is 1000 hectares.



Status of Organic (vegetable) FarmingStatus of Organic (vegetable) Farming

ORGANIC VEGETABLE Farming is in early stage in NepalSharma (2005 ) estimated about 25% of Nepalese farming systems (mostly remote and mountain area) is still not using the pesticides and chemical

fertilizers in their farm .

Organic Farming is not a new concept in Nepalese Context, where a very

high % of agriculture farming is by default organic in nature

Over a century, dominantly resource poor and subsistence farmers arepracticing organic farming in tradition way; a common phenomenon inNepalese agriculture system, every farm keeps a certain livestockintegrated with crop/vegetable farming. This makes transforming the system

to organic not very difficult.Recently there have been growing interests from both government and

non-government sectors towards the organic growing. Adoption of organic farming is quite very slug, market for organic product is not

well developed and no market statistics are available in Nepal.



Currently organic farmers rely on consumer¶s willingness to pay

more to obtain a compensation for lower yields .

organic Vegetables are either home delivered and/or sold to thespecialized niche markets. All domestic organic products reachto consumers without labeling.

Family income, education, profession are key attributes of theconsumers shaping their decision to buy organic vegetables.Nevertheless, there is growing trend among urban consumers toconsume organic products.



Understanding about O rganic Production

According to study conducted in different village development committeesof Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts ( T he Journal of Agriculture and

Environment Vol: 10, Jan 2009 ) more than 50% farmers expressed theyhave heard of and known about organic production , different farmers dohave different levels of knowledge about organic production

The government extension service remains quite rudimentary. As amatter of fact many farmers have only vague ideas about organic farming.

Although many farmers have been involved in organic production, their way of organic management practice m ay not j ustify organic standards

According to Sharma (2005 ) only 63% of the respondents knew aboutorganic production while 37% of respondents did not.

Crop Location Acreage(ha Production(Mt)

Fresh vegetables Kavresthali,kathmandu

20 96





Organic produce produced are majorly consumed by the higher educatedpeople . Education levels and consumption of vegetable production of differenttypes of tomato is given below:

Consumption of Different types of vegetablesConsumption of Different types of vegetablesproductionproduction



Income, Consumption and Production relation

Income, Consumption and Production relation

Organic commodities are expensive by nature for it requires more labor andhas procedures for meeting organic standards with respect to production,processing and storage functions.

It is conspicuous that large no of consumers with personal income morethan NRs 11,000 do consume organic tomato,

Similar result have been observed with consumption of organic Cauliflower and BLM . Same is the case with other types of vegetables production andconsumption as per family income.



Source: T he Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol: 10, Jun.2009



Additional willingness to pay (AWTP) analysis( T he Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol: 10, Jun.2009)

There has been significant difference in terms of AWTP for labeled

and unlabelled organic vegetables

The mean rupees consumers are willing to pay for unlabelledorganic vegetables is NRs 5.07/kg while that is 8.47/kg NR S in

case of labeled organic vegetables .

A majority of the consumers would be willing to pay 5 to 10 rupees/kg of labeled organic vegetables by those who are willing topay less than 5 rupees/kg for unlabelled organic vegetables.



Market of Organic ProductionMarket of Organic Production

o Organically produced products have entered in the local market inKathmandu, still is in a very limited quantity.

o Attraction of the consumers is encouraging.

o Nepal has been exporting organic tea, herbs and coffee and lays agreat potentiality in vegetable production.

o There is no standard and verifiable data of production and exportquantity including market statistics. Market features of organicproducts in Nepal show that it is still in ³formative Stage´.



Two most prominent practices are existing in selling organic vegetablesin the Kathmandu Valley. They are sold directly through producers andthrough middlemen.

Marketing practices of vegetable production:Marketing practices of vegetable production:

S ource: T he Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol: 10, Jun.2009



Organic Production PolicyOrganic Production Policy

D espite several initiatives, very limited work has been carried out inpolicy frontG overnment has enacted some acts and regulations such as ± Pesticides Act (1991 ), ± Pesticide Regulation (1994 ), ± Environment Protection Act and Environmental Protection Regulation

(1997 ).

Reference to Organic Agriculture first appeared in the 20 year Agriculture Perspective Plan .

Reference to OA first appeared in the 20 year Agriculture Perspective Planwhich stated "S upports will be provided for the promotion of low chemical input and OA" .



Incorporation of Organic Agriculture as one of the priority sectors inNepalese agriculture in the 10th 5 year plan ( NPCS, 2003 )

National Standards of OA Production and Processing 2007(2064 )

Overall, the policy framework to promote OA is Weak.



Constraints in Organic (Vegetable) ProductionConstraints in Organic (Vegetable) Production

Constraints in Production Level

Lack of appropriate and adaptive technologyOrganic conversion period takes longer time which is risky for smallfarmersLack of sufficient organic technology to support productionPoor investment capacitySmall holdingsLack of awareness and skillsNo certification and labeling



Constraints in Marketer¶s Level

Lack of consumer awareness about the organicproducts, quality and availability

o Lack of trust about authentication of the products

o Higher price of products

o Lack of market infrastructure

o Lack of processing and storage facilities



Constraints in Government Level

o Failure to hammer proper policy and facilitieso Poor implementation mechanism

o Political interventiono Lack of subsidy

o No market research and technology generation



Thank you !Thank you !

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