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© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
Update on EASA Flight Testing
Regulations and ETPS’s
Response to Flight Test Training
Presentation for RAeS
Flight Test Group
Thursday 24 May 2012
by
Capt Steve Daniels RN (Retd), FRAeS
RW Tutor ETPS
(Member of the EASA Flight Testing Review Group)
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
SECURITY STATEMENT
The content of this presentations is:
UNCLASSIFIED
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
PRESENTER’S BACKGROUND
Captain Steve Daniels Royal Navy (Retired) • Royal Navy flying training 1976
• Royal Navy Commando (Support Helicopter) pilot 1978 • US Navy Test Pilots’ School 1981
• UK MoD Helicopter Test Pilot
− D Sqn Boscombe Down test pilot 1982 - 85
− Australian Navy ‘loan service’ test pilot 1987 - 89
− ETPS Tutor 1990-93
− CO RW Test Sqn Boscombe Down 2002 - 05
− Director Flying MoD (PE) Boscombe Down 2005 - 08
• Joined ETPS in civilian flying tutor role 2008
• ETPS Chief Instructor 2009 - 2011 • Co-opted onto EASA Flight Test Review Group since Jan 2010
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
Slide clarification
Presenter is a QinetiQ employee, not an EASA employee and therefore I am representing EASA today as a member of the EASA Flight Test Review Group
A QinetiQ/AWC slide background ………. represents my input to this brief and is therefore a
personal slide and not necessarily an EASA-endorsed statement
Flight testing regulations 5
Slide clarification
An EASA slide background ……….
represents an EASA source slide and is therefore an EASA-endorsed statement/view
26/06/2012
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
Scope of today’s presentation:
EASA Part 21 (Relates to Design and Production Organisations DOA/POA)
• Definition of flight test
• All the requirements for flight test engineers but some requirements
for test pilots
• Flight Test Operational Manual (FTOM)
EASA Part FCL
• Pilot flight test rating
• Flight test instructor
EASA Part OR : Approved flight test training school
Applicability / Grandfather / conversion rules
How will ETPS change to meet the new EASA regulations?
Flight testing regulations 7
EASA Introduction
As Flight testing is a very specific activity and is a key issue for aircraft development and certification, EASA decided to initiate a regulatory task MDM.003.
EASA proposed flight testing requirements in the relevant NPAs (NPAs 2008 - 17/20/22)
EASA received via the CRD process, comments specially related to flight test:
A flight testing review group including industry and Flight test schools was created to review the comments and to propose modifications to regulations
26/06/2012
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
List of Flight Test Review Group members
Name EASA staff……… ……or Company represented
Mr Andrew Eldred EASA Hd of Flt Test Section (now retired)
Mr Didier Nicolle EASA Flt Test Pilot (Chairman of FTRG)
Mr Yves Morier EASA (Secretary of FTRG)
Ms Micaela Verissimo EASA (FCL – legal)
Mr Harald Knes Austro-control
Mr Karlheinz Juenemann Lufthansa Technik
Mr Herve Jammayrac Eurocopter
Mr Herve Laverne Dassault Aviation
Mr Hugues van der Stichel Airbus
Mr Marc Prunel EPNER
Mr Steve Daniels ETPS
Mr Francesco Paolucci ENAC (Italian CAA)
Mr Charles Prophet UK CAA (Flight Test Section)
Mr Philip Adrian Boeing (Ops Regulatory Affairs)
Mr Bernardino Paggi AgustaWestland
Flight testing regulations 9
EASA Summary
Part 21 (flight test CRD):
Definition of Categories of Flight Test : CAT1/2/3/4
Definition and Qualifications for Lead flight test engineer for all categories of flight tests for aircraft above 2000kg
Qualifications for pilots for flight tests CAT 3 and CAT 4 for aircraft above 2000kg
Flight Test Operational Manual
Part FCL (opinion 04-2010)
Ratings for pilots for CAT 1 and CAT 2 flight tests only for aircraft above 2000kg
Flight test instructor
Part OR (CRD 2008-22)
Flight test training organisations
Operations requirements (NPA 2009-02) : flight test operations not yet taken into account
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 10
EASA Introduction: Caution
A very important point to be aware of:
Opinions of PART FCL and Part OR have been published. As a consequence, the corresponding texts are now fixed and can be found on EASA web site.
The Appendix XII of PART-21 which will contain other flight test requirements is still subject to EASA discussions and is not yet available.
As a consequence, the corresponding texts are not on the EASA web site yet, but are being prepared for an EASA opinion to be promulgated by ….May 2012?
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 11
TP and FTE Clarification
Two different cases and as a consequence two legal bases:
Pilots engaged in CAT1/CAT2 flight tests :
Flight test ratings endorsed on their licences (Part FCL Subpart H and I) and therefore Europe recognized.
Flight test ratings will be delivered after having completed successfully a flight test rating course in an approved flight test training organisation (PART OR)
Lead flight test engineers engaged in CAT 1/2/3/4 and pilots in CAT3/4 must be trained under approved Design and production organisations responsibilities (PART 21 subpart B)
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 12
AGENDA
Part 21
Definition of flight test
All the requirements for flight test engineers but some requirements for pilots
Flight test operational manual
Part FCL
Pilot flight test rating
Flight test instructor
Part OR : Approved flight test training school
Applicability / Grandfather rights / Conversion rules
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 13
Part 21:Definition of flight test
What Flight tests are:
Flights for the development phase of a new design (aircraft, propulsion systems, parts and appliances)
Flights to demonstrate compliance to certification basis or type design
Flights intended to experiment new design concepts, requiring unconventional manoeuvres or profiles for which it could be possible to exit the already approved envelope of the aircraft
Flight test training flights.
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 14
Other flights
Any flight which does not fulfil the definition is not a flight test
As examples, following flights are not flight tests:
Maintenance flights
Check flights
Test flights (renewal of licence rating)
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 15
Part 21 Definition of categories of
flight tests
Flight test Category 1
Initial flight(s) of a new type of aircraft or of an aircraft of which flight and/or handling characteristics may have been significantly modified;
Flights during which it can be envisaged to potentially encounter flight characteristics significantly different from those already known;
Flights to investigate novel or unusual aircraft design features or techniques;
Flights to determine or expand the flight envelope;
Flights to determine the regulatory performances, flight characteristics and handling qualities when flight envelope limits are approached;
Flight test training for Category 1 flight tests
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 16
Part 21 Definition of categories of
flight tests
Flight test Category 2
Flights not classified as Category 1 on an aircraft whose type is not yet certified
Flights which are not classified Category 1 on an aircraft of an already certified type, after embodiment of a not yet approved modification and which:
require an assessment of the general behaviour of the aircraft; or
require an assessment of basic crew procedures, when a new or modified system is operating or is needed; or
are required to intentionally fly outside of the limitations of the currently approved operational envelope, but within the investigated flight envelope.
Flight test training for Category 2 flight tests.
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 17
PART21 :Definition of categories of
flight test
Flight test Category 3
Flights performed for the issuance of statement of conformity for a new-built aircraft which do not require flying outside of the limitations of the type certificate (TC)/ aircraft flight manual
Flight test Category 4
Flight not classified Category 1 or 2 on an aircraft of an already certified type, in case of embodiment of a not yet approved design change
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 18
PART21: Definition of categories of
flight test engineers
Flight test engineer
Any engineer involved in flight test operation either on the ground or in flight
Lead Flight test engineer
A flight test engineer assigned for duties in an aircraft for the purpose of conducting flight tests or assisting the pilot in the operation of the aircraft and its systems during flight test activities
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 19
PART21: Remarks on
flight test engineers It is up to the DOA/POA organisation to decide whether:
….A flight test engineer is necessary or not. If yes, they must have appropriate experience and training commensurate with the tasks assigned to them, in accordance with the Flight Test Operational Manual (FTOM)
….A lead flight test engineer is necessarily on board or not. If yes then, he needs to fulfil conditions detailed further
Lead flight test engineer:
Is not mandatory either on board or on ground
The presence of flight test engineers on board does not generate a requirement for having a Lead FTE on board
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 20
PART21:
Lead flight test engineers
An FTE to be qualified as Lead FTE must:
Receive appropriate training commensurate with the category of test and the complexity of aircraft
(e.g. level 1 training course for CAT1 flight on CS25 aircraft). The training course needs not to be completed in an Approved Flight Test Training Organisation (AFTTO)
Example of an acceptable syllabus is given in Part-21 Appendix XII
Have accumulated a minimum of flight experience
(e.g. 100hours for CAT1 flight on CS25 aircraft)
Be medically flight fit to discharge assigned duties
An A-NPA will be published soon to ask if licensing scheme for Lead FTE is warranted/necessary
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 21
If Flight tests are conducted, a FTOM defining the organisation’s policies and procedures in relation to flight test is required. It shall include:
Description of the organisation
Crew policy (composition, competency, currency, duty time, etc )
Procedures for the carriage of persons other than crew member
A policy for risk and safety management
Procedures for instruments and equipment to be carried
Operational procedures
Documents list that need to be produced for flight test
26/06/2012
Part 21 Flight Test Operational Manual
Flight testing regulations 22
AGENDA
Part 21
Definition of flight test
All the requirements for flight test engineer but some requirements for pilots
Flight test operational manual
Part FCL
Pilot flight test rating
Flight test instructor
Part OR : Approved flight test training school
Applicability/ Grand father/ conversion rules
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 23
PART FCL
Pilot flight test rating 1/2
Part FCL : Test pilots
To Be PIC on Category 1 and 2 flight tests, flight test rating CAT 1/2 is necessary.
Ratings are applied to CPL(min)/IR Cat 1 – AFTTO (TPS) ‘Long’ course Cat 2 – AFTTO (TPS) ‘Short’ course
Note: there will be a dedicated flight test instructor rating
Mandated training syllabi Perf/HQ/Systems for separate FW/RW courses Cat 1 Rating: 350hr ground/100hr flying Cat 2 Rating: 150hr ground/50hr flying Previous experience to count for credits Bridging courses for Cat 2 to Cat 1
26/06/2012
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
EASA TEST PILOT TRAINING
CAT 1 (min 10 months) CAT 2 (min 5 months)
Aeroplanes Helicopters Aeroplanes Helicopters
Ground Training (hours) 350 350 150 150
Flight Training (hours) 100 100 50 50
Solo ‘flights’ without TP
tutor (sorties) 15 20 8 8
Min a/c types 10 8 7 4
a/c CS-types
(or equivalent) Incl. 1 x CS25 Incl. 1 x CS29 Incl. 1 x CS25 Incl. 1 x CS29
‘Substantial’ Flight Test
Reports 5 5 3 3
EASA FLIGHT TEST ENGINEER TRAINING
CAT 1 (min 10 months) CAT 2 (min 5 months)
Aeroplanes Helicopters Aeroplanes Helicopters
Ground Training (hours) 350 350 150 150
Flight Training (hours) 60 60 30 30
Solo ‘flights’ without
FTE tutor (sorties) 10 15 6 6
Min a/c types 6 6 5 4
a/c CS-types
(or equivalent) Incl. 1 x CS25 Incl. 1 x CS29 Incl. 1 x CS25 Incl. 1 x CS29
‘Substantial’ Flight Test
Reports 5 5 3 3
Flight testing regulations 25
Part FCL Test pilot privileges
Holder of Category 1 flight test rating
Conduct all categories of flight tests as a PIC
Conduct flights related to DOA/POA
Can obtain a type rating if 10 hours as a PIC; 50 hours as co-pilot on flight tests on the type
Holder of Category 2 flight test rating
As above except not allowed to conduct Category 1 flight test as a PIC (except for small CS23
aircraft where a CAT2 PIC is allowed to be PIC on CAT1 flight
tests)
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 26
PART FCL Flight Test Instructor
Privileges
Facilitate issue of CAT1/CAT2 ratings Facilitate issue of FTI certificate
Prerequisites
Hold a flight test rating Have completed at least CAT1 or CAT2 flight tests
Specific FTI training course (possible credits if instructor certificate held)
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 27
AGENDA
Part 21
Definition of flight test
All the requirements for flight test engineer but some requirements for pilots
Flight test operational manual
Part FCL
Pilot flight test rating
Flight test instructor
Part OR : Approved flight test training school
Applicability/ Grand father/ conversion rules
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 28
PART-OR Approved Flight Test
Training Organisations
Approved Flight Test Training Organisations (AFTTOs)
EASA Part FCL-regulated (e.g. not military schools)
Approval given by National Authorities
Civil-licensed flight test instructors (FT and FTI ratings)
May sub-contract to non-EASA companies E.g. Calspan VSS, Qualeval providers, Military
Usual TPS-type facilities are listed as requirements
More later on how ETPS plans to comply with EASA
requirements
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 29
AGENDA
Part 21
Definition of flight test
All the requirements for flight test engineer but some requirements for pilots
Flight test operational manual
Part FCL
Pilot flight test rating
Flight test instructor
Part OR : Approved flight test training school
Applicability / Grandfather / Conversion rules
26/06/2012
Flight testing regulations 30
PART 21
Appendix XII: day of publication (mid 2012) + transition period of 36 months
FTE Derogation possible until 31 December 2015 for countries having FTE licences.
FTOM day of publication
PART FCL : 8 April 2012
NAA OPT out possible until April 2015
PART OR : 8 April 2012
NAA opt-out possible (likely!) until April 2015
PART OPS: Flight test operation exemption until flight test operational requirements are defined
Grandfather rules will facilitate the regulation changes
26/06/2012
Applicability Flight Tests
Flight testing regulations 31
Lead flight test engineer (grandfather rule)
LFTE having conducted flight test activities before entry into force of Appendix XII will be considered as having complied with Appendix XII and therefore may continue to exercise their present scope of functions. Present scope of function established normally by EASA for DOA and NAA for POA and based on a report
Test pilot CAT 3 and CAT 4 (grandfather rule)
As above for LFTE
Test pilot CAT 1 and CAT 2 (conversion)
Flight test qualifications and Flight test instructor converted in Part FCL flight test ratings and FTI conversion report necessary (privileges could be restricted)
26/06/2012
Grandfather/conversion rules
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
MY CONCLUSIONS SO FAR
• FTEs – Grandfather rules – Keep doing what you have done before
• TPs Cat 3 and 4 – Grandfather Rules - Keep doing what you have
done before
• TPs Cat 1 and 2 – Conversion Report
− Exposition to NAA
− Prove your qualifications, experience and competence
− NAA will assess and ‘convert’ your (non existent?) rating to a
new Flight Test Rating
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
SO HOW WILL ETPS CHANGE TO MEET THE NEW EASA REGULATIONS?
• Update/reminder of pre-2012 legacy ETPS graduate course
• ETPS approach to changes
• Revised course structure
• Revised ETPS training organisation structure
• Future ETPS portfolio of training courses
European Aviation Safety Agency
Part OR including Approved Training
Organisations (ATO)
Approved Flight Test Training Organisations (AFTTOs) EASA-regulated (e.g. not military schools) Therefore European military schools must become EASA-regulated!
Civil-licensed flight test instructors (who hold Flight Test Ratings) Nominated civil licensed post holders (e.g. Hd of Training)
Meet EASA audit requirements ETPS, EPNER and others will need to be audited by EASA
May sub-contract to non-EASA companies E.g. Calspan VSS, Qualeval providers, military, other TP schools
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
ETPS TODAY
• Managed by QinetiQ as part of the Long Term Partnering Agreement (LTPA)
with UK MOD since 2001
• Staffed by a balanced mix of military and QinetiQ staff
− All three services represented
• QinetiQ Air Fleet consists entirely of military registered aircraft, regulated by
the Military Aviation Authority
• Face the market as a Military flying training school but one which is
accessible to the civil market
The military and commercial partnership is vital to the success of ETPS
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
ETPS 2011 ‘GRADUATE’ (TB1) COURSE OUTLINE
The previous ETPS ‘graduate’ course:
12 month course January through December each year
Approx 115 hrs, 20 + types
‘Advanced’ flight test instruction, split into 3 terms
Term 1 – Ground school intensive for the initial part then onto first exercises
Term 2 - More advanced HQ and Performance exercises and simulator work
Term 3 - Advanced flight testing and then end of course (Preview) exercise
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
ETPS 2011 ‘DIPLOMA’ (TB2) COURSE OUTLINE
The ETPS previous ‘diploma’ course:
13 week/3 month course during spring/autumn each year
Approx 25 hrs, 3 types, no student ‘solo’ flying
‘Basic’ flight test instruction
Focused on a ‘cut down’ version of the graduate course with no envelope
expansion training
• Basic performance testing
• Basic handling/stability & control
• Limited systems assessments
• Groundschool limited to meet learning objectives of a ‘basic’ course
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
SUB-CONTRACTED CAPABILITIES? HELICOPTER VSS CAPABILITY - BELL 205 / 412 – NRC CANADA
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
SUB-CONTRACTED CAPABILITIES? FULLY INCORPORATED GRIPEN – FOURTH GENERATION FIGHTER
Leased through an agreement with SAAB and provided by the Swedish Air
Force
Flown in Sweden with ETPS tutors as aircraft captain
Significant utilization of Gripen flight simulator
A single ETPS ‘campaign’ in 2nd half of course
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
SUB-CONTRACTED CAPABILITIES? QUALITATIVE EVALUATIONS (QUALEVAL) AND PREVIEW
Aerobatic Trainer
Glass cockpit / FMS
Raw aircraft
Tandem Rotor
NOTAR
Piston Engine
Eastern Block
Modern (System Rich)
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
45
INTRODUCED IN 2010 – ETPS BOSCOMBE DOWN MOTION SIMULATOR
Old Royal Aircraft Establishment
(RAE) Bedford Location
New Boscombe Down Location
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
BOSCOMBE DOWN MOTION SIMULATOR
Fixed wing fast jet cockpit and
helicopter cockpit
(slide in/slide out)
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
PREVIOUS ETPS PORTFOLIO OF ROTARY WING COURSES
Graduate course ‘Experimental’ (TP & FTE ) 12 months Jan – Dec
Diploma course ‘Development’ (TP & FTE) 3 months Spring/Autumn
Plus ‘Short’ courses’:
− Helicopter Ship Interface Testing Course (TP & FTE) 2 weeks as required
− Civil Airworthiness Flight Test (TP & FTE) 2 days (including sim)
− Post Maintenance Flight Test Course (TP & FTE) 3 days
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
ETPS FROM 2012……
Fully integrate our advanced motion simulator (BMS) into the course
Improve the Fleet aircraft – replacement programmes under way:
• Second fully instrumented A109 helicopter
• Introduction of King Air for FW Multi-engine TP/FTE stream
• Replacement Heavy Aircraft (RJ70 and RJ100)
Comply with EASA civil requirements for European Flight Test Training (Cat 1
and Cat 2 Test Pilots and FTEs) – Apr 2012……………
……………..whilst ensuring we meet current/future UK MoD/other
customers’ flight test training requirements
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
ETPS APPROACH TO CHANGES
• FIRSTLY – Ensure that an EASA-compliant course meets the UK MoD/other non-
European customers’ requirements!
• No major change to legacy ETPS content but restructured to meet EASA
requirements
• Combined Course Structure:
− EASA Cat 1 and Cat 2 / UK MoD Class A and Class B
• Streaming of Fixed Wing syllabi into Fast Jet and Heavy (Multi-engine) Aircraft
− Fast Jet: Hawk/AJ, Tucano, Gripen, plus RJ70
− Heavy Aircraft: Tucano, King Air, RJ70
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
THE FUTURE ETPS FROM 2012
12-month CAT 1 / Class A (Experimental) TP/FTE
6-month CAT 1 / Class A (Experimental)
TP/FTE
6-month CAT 2 / Class B (Development)
TP/FTE
Jan Jun Dec
First 6-months Cat 2 Second 6-months completes Cat 1
(Basic flight test) (Advanced flight test)
EASA ‘Bridging Course’
Fast Jet Stream
Heavy a/c Stream
Rotary Stream
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
HOW WILL ETPS ADAPT?
100% ETPS (Mil)
Regulated by UK Military Aviation Authority (MAA)
Operating as a military TP School
Mix of Mil/Civ staff as currently
Military aircraft (except for QVs)
Empire Test Pilots’ School (pre-2012)
Military CO
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
HOW WILL ETPS ADAPT?
80% ETPS (Mil)
Regulated by UK Military Aviation Authority (MAA)
Operating as a military TP School
Mix of Mil/Civ staff as currently
Military aircraft (except for QVs) 20% ETPS (Civ)
Regulated by UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)
Operating as an EASA AFTTO
Civil-licensed staff & some civil (G-reg) aircraft
Empire Test Pilots’ School (post-2012)
Sub-contracting arrangements to be generated
Military CO
Civil Head of Training
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
FUTURE ETPS PORTFOLIO OF ROTARY WING COURSES
EASA Cat 1 ‘Experimental’ (TP & FTE) 12 months Jan – Dec (UK MoD Class A TP and FTE)
EASA Cat 2 ‘Development’ (TP & FTE) 6 months Jan – Jun (UK MoD Class B TP and FTE)
EASA Cat 2 to Cat 1 ‘Bridging Course’ (TP & FTE) 6 months Jul – Dec (UK MoD Class B to Class A)
Plus short courses:
− Helicopter Ship Interface Testing Course (TP & FTE) 2 weeks as required
− Civil Airworthiness Flight Test (TP & FTE) 2 days (including sim)
− Post Maintenance Flight Test Course (TP & FTE) 3 days
© Copyright QinetiQ Limited 2009
Summary of today’s presentation:
EASA Part 21 (Relates to Design and Production Organisations DOA/POA)
• Definition of flight test
• All the requirements for flight test engineers but some requirements
for test pilots
• Flight Test Operational Manual (FTOM)
EASA Part FCL
• Pilot flight test rating
• Flight test instructor
EASA Part OR : Approved flight test training school
Applicability / Grandfather / conversion rules
How will ETPS change to meet the new EASA regulations?