UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE IADGs/

MDGs: THE TANZANIA NATIONAL REPORT

PRESENTATION AT ECOSOC MEETING PRESENTATION AT ECOSOC MEETING IN NEW YORKIN NEW YORK

on 2nd July 2008

PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1. Introduction2. The National Development Policy &

Strategies3. Key Strategic Successes in Implementation4. Capacity Building and Scaling up: Challenges

and Lessons5.Building Partnerships6. Financing Requirements7. Conclusions and Way Forward

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INTRODUCTION

– The 2005 World Summit mandated the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) to undertake an annual ministerial-level substantive review (AMR) of progress in the implementation of the internationally agreed development goals (IADGs), including the MDGs.

– In this context Tanzania volunteered to prepare a national report in order to share its experience with others

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OBJECTIVES

The Objectives:• International community to understand

Tanzania’s policies and practices

• Provide feedback to Tanzania on its performance

• Share with others our lessons from experience

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The NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Frameworks

• Key Features and relationship to IADGs: – Tanzania Vision 2025.– Zanzibar Vision 2020.– Both have five attributes:

– Quality of life, Peace, security and unity, Good governance and rule of law, Educated and learning society and Strong and competitive economy

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The NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY• Having worked on macroeconomic stabilization for

a decade, Tanzania started to address poverty as a major policy concern in 1996 within the framework of the macroeconomic policies which were being implemented.

• These initiatives started with the formulation of the National Poverty Eradication Strategy (NPES) in 1997 and the subsequent PRSP process in 1999 and 2000 which resulted in Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and Zanzibar Poverty Reduction Plan (ZPRP) in order to access debt relief under the HIPC Initiative.

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The NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY-2

Poverty Reduction Strategies(i) PRSP/ZPRP: First Generation PRS(ii) National Strategy for Growth and

Reduction of Poverty(MKUKUTA and MKUZA): second generation PRS• This Initiative has incorporated IADGs,

including MDGs into national development policy/strategy

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THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY-4

National & Sectoral Policies :• Implementation through Strategic Plans:–Sector Wide Approaches(SWAPs); –MTEF-Central and Local Govt;–Annual Public Expenditure reviews( PERs),

General Budget Support(GBS) review and Budgeting; and –Decentralisation by Devolution Policy-

Local government Authorities empowered

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THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RATEGY-5• Progress in Implementation:– Participation in policy making– PRS as a guiding framework– National budget aligned to MKUKUTA–MKUKUTA costing initiated–Monitoring system developed–MMS Output:• MKUKUTA Annual implementation report;• Strategic policy brief to Parliament• Poverty and Human Development Report

(PHDR); and• MDGs progress Report

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Key Strategic Successes and challenges-1• Goal 1: Eradication of extreme poverty and

hunger–Current average growth of 7%- on going

economic, governance & institutional reforms, cf 8-10%–Challenges• Translating growth to poverty reduction-

trickledown effect,•Malnutrition persists in some pockets of

the country; and • The current higher food prices is both a

challenge and an opportunity04/24/23 10

Key Strategic Successes and challenges-2• Goal 2: Achieving UPE– Achievements• UPE basically achieved after removing fees

for primary education in 2001. By 2007 net enrolment ratio was 97.3 %• Gender parity has significantly improved• PEDP contributed to success.

– Challenges• quality and performance • More teachers and other basic facilities

needed to cope with UPE (quality?)• Creativity and innovativeness

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Key Strategic Successes and challenges-3

• Goal 3:Gender equality–Achievements: • ratio of girls to boys in secondary schools

has improved-48 to 52• The no. of women in public service

increased. Women Parliamentarians are 30%• Gender budgeting enhanced

–Challenges• High drop out rate of girls at primary

education04/24/23 12

Key Strategic Successes and challenges-4• Goal 4: Reducing child mortality–Achievements:• Under five- year mortality declined from 112

per 1000 live births in 2000 to 68 per 1000 live birth in 2006• Infant mortality rate declined from 95(2000) to

68 per 1000 live births(2006)• Childhoods vaccination against measles

increased from 78.2% to 82.5%– Challenges:• Diseases and Malnutrition04/24/23 13

Key Strategic Successes and challenges-5• Goal 5: Maternal health–No significant improvement (529 as of

1996 to 578 of 2005?)–Challenges:• Under funding;• Impact of HIV/AIDS, though prevalence

rates are declining; and• Inadequate quality health services and

facilities, and malnutrition04/24/23 14

Key Strategic Successes and challenges-6• Goal 6: Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria , TB and

other diseases– Achievements• Declining prevalence rate from 7% to 4.6% ;• Wider use of ARVs; and • Awareness increased with the national

campaign– Challenges• Burden on the health system • Declining labour force• Caring for orphans

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Key Strategic Successes and challenges-7A

• Goal 7:Environmental Sustainability– Achievements

Mainstreaming of environment concerns in MKUKUTA and MKUZA;

• The URT government has ratified a number of international convention and protocols related to environment;

• National Adaptation Programmed of Action-developed;

• NAPA has identified 14 priority areas of intervention on;

• Programme for Reduction of Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation(REDD) developed

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Key Strategic Successes and challenges-7B

Access to water & Sanitation• Access to safe water increased from 68%

in 2000 to 78% in 2006/07 in urban areas and 49% to 55.7% in rural areas.• Sanitation improved (access from 91.6 in

2002 to 98.5% in 2005.• Improved human settlements but not yet

adequate to cope with the high rate of urbanization.

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Key Strategic Successes and challenges-7C

• Environment Sustainability• Climate change (CC)- continues to be a global

challenge for achieving sustainable development, and hence the IADGs;

• In Tanzania the impacts of global warming are already evident in almost all sectors of the economy and throughout the country;

• Recurring droughts, flooding, submergence of coastal water wells and melting of Mount Kilimanjaro snow are manifestation of CC impacts; and

• Use of biomass based fuel still persisting as alternative sources of energy are slow to take over.

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Key Strategic Successes and challenges-8• Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for

Development– Achievements• Development of aid management

framework( TAS & JAST) – -improved harmonization & alignment,

Aid coordination, national ownership and leadership of development process

• Independent Monitoring Group (IMG) as has been instrument for mutual accountability• Debt relief through HIPC has been important

but not panacea to debt problems– Challenges• High level of aid dependence• Aid conditionality persistence• Aid predictability • Aid effectiveness

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Building national Capacity and Scaling up Successes-1

There has been encouraging progress;However-national Capacity building to address

remaining key Challenges is needed: (i) Inadequate funding in almost all sectors of the

Tanzania economy; (ii) translating growth into poverty reduction and

reducing income inequality, and gap between urban and rural poverty

(iii) Linking achievements in education to the changing demands of the labour market;

(iv)Addressing gender inequality at higher levels of education and improving maternal health care; and

(v) Responding to HIV and AIDS threats to the economy and health system

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Lessons from implementation of National Strategies to achieve IADGs/MDGs

• Participatory approach is crucial for a social sensitive policy/strategy formulation-basis for our success;

• Growth is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for poverty reduction in the medium-term;

• Comprehensive result-based monitoring system is crucial for gauging performance(self assessment);

• An inclusive government-led dialogue structure creates supportive environment for promoting national ownership and development cooperation coherence, needed for aid effectiveness;

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Lessons from implementation of National Strategies to achieve IADGS/MDGS

– Governance and accountability are underlying condition for growth and reduction of poverty;

– Mutual accountability as provided in the Paris declaration, requires and independent Monitor; and ; and

– An exit strategy from high levels of dependence should be considered from an early stage, even if a country may need higher levels of aid in order to build the domestic capacity for managing its economy in a future date.

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conclusion

• While implementing National development Strategies, Tanzania has recorded mixed progress towards achieving the MDGs.

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Conclusion-1• Areas likely to meet MDGs:• universal primary education, gender

equality in primary and secondary education ;

• Reduction in child mortality; • Improving aid relationships as part of the

global partnerships, and • Safe water for drinking and sanitation.

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Conclusion -2

Areas Unlikely to Meet MDGS• Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger;

• Maternal Mortality;

• Environment Sustainability ; and

• Strategies for Decent and productive work for youth

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Way Forward-1Fiscal Measures:

• Scale up domestic resource mobilization-Tax base expansion and Administration; and

• Improve Public Financial Management system-transparency and reduce fiduciary risks,

Resource costing:• Improve costing and prioritization;• Improve estimates of resource ; and • Complete financial sector reforms to ensure

broader access to financial services

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Way Forward-2Strengthen development cooperation so as to

enhance aid effectiveness:• Continue to implement JAST to ensure:

o Adequate national capacity for effective external resources management and aid coordination;

o Continuity of the implementation of the new dialogue structure;

o Enhancement of aid predictability;o Promotion of the use of government

systems

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