Architectural layout and vulnerability to earthquakes of

housing buildings of the Modernism

Maria BOSTENARU DAN

ERGOROM ’99

“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

Overview

Seismic risk Scope of the Marie Curie ERG Differences / common characteristics Romanian, Greek, Italian Modernism Zoning illustrations Modern – vernacular Conclusions

Seismic risk

Bucharest Earthquakes 1940, 1977 1977 interwar buildings proved most

vulnerable

Scope of the Marie Curie ERG

Marie Curie European Reintegration Grant 2007-2010 Zoning in blocks of flats Bucharest, Romania Athens, Greece Milan, Italy (Budapest, Hungary)

Differences

Earthquakes

Bucharest 1940, 1977 Athens 1999 Milan never Budapest never

Common characteristics

Historic Reinforced Concrete Luxury dwellings, unlike in Western

Europe (social housing) No seismic codes Zoning – the way of living led to an

architectural shape which rendered vulnerable

CA’REDIVIVUS (prior project)

Romanian Modernism

Irregular shape in plan and section 4 EWICS Lack of seismic culture Vrancea earthquakes did not affect

traditional low rise housing buildings Typology from France Calculation tables from Germany

Romania

Earthquakes affected slender buildings like churches

Local seismic culture developed there Modernist buildings in the city centre from

retracing of streets < irregular parcels

Romanian block of flats

Romanian block of flats

Romanian block of flats

Romanian block of flats

Zoning in a Romanian block of flats

Zoning in a Romanian block of flats

Bedroom/ nightzone

Livingroom, includingdinning

Corridors/ circulationzone

Bathrooms, toillets

Kitchen

Hall / vertical circulation

Deposit / external circulation

Legend:

Greek ModernismMilanese Novecento

More regular shape < parcels Regular distribution of columns and

beams Athens: peripheral, near train station Milan: spread over the whole city Italy – local seismic culture in vernacular

housing

Greek block of flats

Zoning in a Greek block of flats

Bedroom/ nightzone

Livingroom, includingdinning

Corridors/ circulationzone

Bathrooms, toillets

Kitchen

Hall / vertical circulation

Deposit / external circulation

Legend:

Italian block of flats

Italian block of flats

http://photo.net/photodb/presentation?presentation_id=348690

Zoningin an Italian block of flats

Living room, dinning

Bathroom, toilets

Kitchen

Hall

Corridors / circulation zone

Deposit

Bedroom / Night zone

Modernism - vernacular

Modernism negated historic links Similarities independent from location

(universal style) Change from single family to multi family

housing Study on vernacular and modernist in

Germany http://www.world-housing.net Traditional is modern

Metal building of the Modern Movement - Germany

Vernacular Fachwerk building in Germany

Vernacular Fachwerk building in Germany

Conclusions

In Romania buildings are most vulnerable due to high irregularity

The irregularity resulted from the architectural adaptation to the form of the parcels given the urban interventions following the CIAM

Thank you!