Presentation 4th Nur Conference

8/3/2019 Presentation 4th Nur Conference

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INFRARED BASED DIGITALCOUNTER APPLICATION

Presented by :

-HABUMUGISHA Didace

-GUMYUSENGE Florien-NIYIGENA Diogene

-NZEYIMANA Janvier


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Problematic

Nowadays the quality and the rapidity on the daily work is

more requested in order to sort out well many activities.

This will allow us to be more involved in the currenttechnology of ICT

From this issue, the use of the products of high

technology are more practical in different areas we haveto face everyday, such as ;

Super market for facilities of payment

Bank for facilities of withdraw and deposit money

Library for facilities of borrows of books and recording amount of

visits ; etc

The project Infrared Based Digital Counter Application is

welcome in Rwanda society for its universal application.


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Objectives

The main objectives of this project are :

Reliability of recording people enteringin given place (Library, Bank , )

Saving money to some institutions by

reducing the number of employees in

charge of recording


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Methodology and scheme of the project

The entire project is built on the sub-systems

highlighted below:

Binary Coded Decimal Counter ( BCD-C)

Infrared Beam transmitter (IRBT)

Infrared Beam Receiver (IRBR) Signal Conditioning Circuit (SCC)

Seven segment Displays (7-SD)


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A. Design of the realized system

The description of the whole system is operated

in accordance with different included sub

systems


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1. Binary Coded Decimal Counter (BCD-C)

The logic design of BCD

Counter is based on the

four JK Flip-Flops (or four

T-Flip-Flops ) where the

both inputs are connected

together to high level. The entire design with the

four flip-Flops is behaved

as the sequential circuit. Binary structure of outputs

of the circuit is produced

according to the following

binary string Q3Q2Q1Q0


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2. Counting operation interpretationThe first Flip-Flop is clocked by an external clock

pulses generated by a clock generator circuit.

The following flip-flops are respectively clocked by

the output from its preceding flip-flop.

The nature of the clock signal is the positive edge

trigger when the UP-COUNT is expected

And the negative edge trigger when the DOWN-

COUNT is expected.

A clock generator circuit is implemented with the

timer 555IC or Schmidt trigger.

The entire circuit of the clock generator is given at the

next slide

11


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3. Design of the Clock generatorThe circuit of the clock generator is a monostable

with the Timer 555 (IC).

111.1

1

CRf

111.1

1

CRf

Hz

CR

f 33.0

1.1

1

11


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4. Infrared Beam Transmitter

descriptionThe design of IRBT is made by two Timers 555

whose role is to generate the stable square signal at the

frequency fixed by the following electrical passive

elements shown at the next slide


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Capacitors

C1,C2,C3 and C4

combined with

the resistors

R1,R2,R3 and P1.

Transistor BD140is for

amplification of

the square signal

obtained TLC 555 (square

Signal)

The capacitor C5 is for the stability of power supply

LD 274 is infrared beam transmitter

Infrared Beam Transmitter description cont


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6.Infrared Beam Receiver description SFH5110 is a

Detector

Bz1 for sound

TLC 555

produces square

signal

BAT 85 is a

demodulatordiode

B I l i d F i li


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B. Implementation and Functionality

As it is stated before the system is located in two different

position beside the passing way. One side of the passing way,

it is located the IR transmitter. In that case the IR transmitter

is oscillating at the fixed frequency and produces the squaresignal which is directed to the conditioning circuit on the

other side of the passing way through the Infrared beam.

According to the design of the IR transmitter, it is noticed that

the circuit contains two timers, the first one generates thesquare signal at the low frequency of 300Hz which will be

modulated by the high frequency of 36KHz generated by the

second timer in order to increase the radiating power of the

beam.

1.The function of IR Transmitter


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2. The function of IR Receiver

The conditioning circuit, IR detector and the counter

are gathered in the other system located at the other

side of passing way.

The Conditioning circuit is also a monostable circuit

(timer) which is triggered by interruption of infraredbeam from IR transmitter.

The interruption of the beam occurs when the person

passes through the beam.

a. The conditioning circuit


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b. IR detector

The infrared detector consists of an IR sensor and a555 timer. The interruption of the beam causes to the

sensor to output the high level voltage and the latter is

put on the reset pin of the timer in order to activatethe output of the timer.

The output of the timer(pin 3) is a square wave signal

which is fed to the trigger pin (pin 2) of theconditioning circuit.


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c. Counter

As it has been detailed before, the countercounts the number of events and for our case it

counts the number of IR beam interruptions

which imply the number of people who cross

the passing way.

The counter is composed by 4510IC(counter),

4511 IC(7 segment decoder)

The digital information from the decoder is

applied to 7 -segment displays through digital

inverter 4049IC because the 7 segment displays

are high level common anode.


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A decoder driving 7-segment displays


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Challenges and drawbacks

Even if the target of our project is to count number of

people accommodated to the institution like NUR, we

implemented the system able to count only 100 people

because of lack of material.

The system can not distinguish human being from anything else.

When the crossing of beam is not well controlled, the

system can carry out double counts or more

The short people (children) can not be counted while

the taller people can be counted twice.


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Conclusion & RecommendationThe project Infrared Based Digital Counter

Application has been implemented successfully andsatisfied our expected results even if we encountered

some drawbacks during its implementation.

This project is an academic experimentation but itcan be improved for further applications and we need

any idea or support for the extension and its

improvement even if for the moment there might besome other well designed and implemented systems

which perform the same task than this.

The system can be easily extended throughdu lication of the desi n made as well as the material

Documents

Presentation 4th Nur Conference