KELOMPOK II:BIONDI FIRMANSYAH / 0606079042

INDRA BUDIARI / 0606079793PANJI WIJANARKO / 0606080561

KHOIRIYAH HELANITA / 0706163994NYI MAS GIANTI BINGAH ERBIANA / 0706164025

Multilateral Agreement on Trade in Goods

The Basic...

• Multinational Agreement on Trade in Goods:the contract of trade of goods between parties whose places of business are in different states.

• The Parties could be:a.The State itself as Seller or Buyer;b.The person in each of The State;c.Legal Body in The State

The Concept..

STATE

STATE

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN GOODS

STATE

Cont’d...

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

UNITED

NATIONS

WTO

UNITED NATIONS

CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS

FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS

(1980)

CONVENTION ON THE

LIMITATION PERIOD IN THE

INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS

(1974)

AGREEMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION

OF ART. VII OF THE GATT (1994): MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN GOODS

GATT

Founded = 1947Aim: as one of the effort to solve the world

economic depression on 1930sexpectation: restructuring the world

economic and decreasing trade barriers, both tariff barriers and non-tariff bariers.

GATT-WTO

Pembentukan WTO pada 1994 membawa dua perubahan penting bagi GATT:1. WTO mengambil alih GATT dan menjadikannya salah satu lampiran aturan

WTO2. Prinsip-prinsip GATT menjadi kerangka

aturan bagi bidang-bidang baru dalam perjanjian WTO.

GATT-MATG

Fungsi utama GATT adalah sebagai suatu perangkat ketentuan (aturan) multilateral yang mengatur transaksi perdagangan yang dilakukan oleh negara-negara anggota GATT dengan memberikan suatu perangkat ketentuan perdagangan.

MATG => salah satu ketentuan perdagangan yang berlaku untuk perjanjian multilateral.

Cont’d..

Based on GATT:relations in the field of trade and economic endeavor should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, developing the full use of the resources of the world and expanding the production and exchange of goods => fairness trading and competition => reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international commerce.

Why there Should be International Rules for MATG??

• the development of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States;

• uniform rules which govern contracts for the international sale of goods and take into account the different social, economic and legal systems would contribute to the removal of legal barriers in international trade and promote the development of international trade.

(Vienna Conv. 1980)

The Principles of Int’l Trading Based on GATT..

Most Favoured Nation (Art. 1) => any advantage, favour, privilege or immunity granted by any contracting party to any product originating in or destined for any other country shall be accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product originating in or destined for the territories of all other contracting parties => non discrimination

Cont’d..

National Treatment (Art. 3) => The products of the territory of any contracting party imported into the territory of any other contracting party shall not be subject, directly or indirectly, to internal taxes or other internal charges of any kind in excess of those applied, directly or indirectly, to like domestic products => import products = domestic products

Cont’d...

Prinsip Larangan Restriksi => pembatasan kuota ekspor-impor dalam bentuk apapun = dilarang.

Kecuali untuk:- mencegah terkurasnya produk-produk esensial di negara pengekspor;- melindungi pasar dalam negeri khususnya yang menyangkut produk pertanian dan perikanan;- mengendalikan impor yang berlebihan untuk melindungi terancamnya produksi dalam negeri;- melindungi neraca pembayaran (luar negeri)

Cont’d...

Prinsip Perlindungan melalui tarif => tindakan proteksi terhadap industri domestik melalui tarif (menaikkan tarif bea masuk) => kompetisi yang sehat dengan produk domestik

Cont’d..

Prinsip Resiprositas (Par. 3 GATT’s Preambule) => Being desirous of contributing to these objectives by entering into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements directed to the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international commerce.

Still Cont’d...

Prinsip Perlakuan Khusus bagi Negara Sedang Berkembang => mendorong negara-negara industri dalam membantu pertumbuhan ekonomi negara-negara sedang berkembang => melarang negara-negara maju untuk membuat rintangan-rintangan baru terhadap ekspor negara-negara sedang berkembang.

The General Exception of Validity...

The International Rules do not apply to sales:a) of goods bought for personal, family or household

use, unless the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any such use;

(b) by auction;(c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law;(d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable

instruments or money;(e) of ships, vessels, hovercraft or aircraft;(f) of electricity;(g) of labour or other services.(Art. 2 Vienna Conv.)

The Basic Format...

The basic format of MATG may contain:

A. Obligations of the sellerB. Obligations of the buyerC. Remedies for breach of contractD. Passing of riskE. Suspension of performance and

anticipatory breachF. Exemption from liability to pay damagesG. Preservation of the goods

conclusion

Multilateral Agreement on Trade in Goods (MATG) adalah sebuah kontrak perdagangan barang antara beberapa pihak yang berada di beda negara.

Aturan-aturan yang mengatur mengenai MATG ini diambil dari prinsip-prinsip GATT yang merupakan cikal bakal dari perjanjian WTO dan aturan-aturannya

Tujuan dari sistem MATG ini adalah agar tercipta sebuah lingkungan yang maan, stabil, dan dapat diprediksi bagi industri-industri dan perusahaan bisnis dari Negara-Negara yang terlibat dalam keadaan adil dan kompetisi yang seimbang agar adanya investasi yang meningkat, produksi, lapangan pekerjaan serta guna memfasilitasi pembangunan ekonomi seluruh negara (pembukaan GATT)