Presentación Nextivity.pdf

CHILE

3/27/2014 PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 1

ENTRENAMIENTO CEL-FI

Smart Signal Booster RS2 DUAL BAND


AGENDA

1. ¿Porqué soluciones de

cobertura interior?

2. Soluciones actuales

3. Repaso WCDMA

4. Detalles de Producto

5. Prestaciones

6. Puesta en Marcha

7. Análisis de Pruebas y

Herramientas

8. Información Adicional

Formación Cel-Fi


LOS USUARIOS MOVILES DE DATOS SUPERAN A LOS FIJOS


EL CELULAR SE USA ESENCIALMENTE EN INTERIORES


TENDENCIA A UNA REDUCCION DE CONEXIONES FIJAS


LA FISICA DE LA PENETRACION DE LAS SEÑALES EN EDIFICIOS


HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA MEJORA DE COBERTURA INDOOR

DAS

FEMTOCELDAS

REPETIDORES CONVENCIONALES (BDA)

BOOSTERS INTELIGENTES


DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems)

Muy costosos. Requieren soluciones

completas de Radiobase /Nodo B. Eficiente en grandes

edificios de oficinas o espacios públicos.


FEMTOCELDAS

Requiere conexión de banda ancha (como

ADSL) + GPS. Requiere

infraestructura de red. Los dispositivos deben

registrarse. Llamadas caídas por

Handoff. Usuarios simultáneos

fijos. Algunas cuestiones de

interferencia.


REPETIDORES CONVENCIONALES (BDAs)

Menor ganancia. Pueden afectar a la calidad de la red.

Instalación complicada Requiere permisos de

instalación. Ilegal en algunos

países.


CEL-FI

Alta ganancia. No daña / afecta a la

red. Cobertura allá donde

se necesita. Simplicidad. Plug & Play.


INTRODUCCION AL SISTEMA CEL-FI


NEXTIVITY Inc.

Fundada en 2006, basada en San Diego, California Nextivity diseña y desarrolla soluciones de cobertura celular para interior, carrier-grade,

así como el software y la tecnología de los circuitos integrados sobre los que se construyen.

La experiencia de nuestro equipo incluye más de 20 start ups y grandes compañías como Qualcomm, Broadcom, HP, Motorola o Intel

Nuestra sede está en San Diego, California, y tenemos oficinas de soporte y ventas en el Reino Unido, Alemania y Singapur y a través de partners en todo el mundo.

Hemos entregado cientos de miles de nuestros equipos Cel-Fi desde Julio de 2009 en Europa, America, Asia, Orienter medio y África.

En la actualidad le vendemos a más de 137 operadores de más de 66 países.





Cel-Fi, Introducción

Company Private - Nextivity

Cel-Fi

Minimal

Voice

Coverage

Company Private - Nextivity


INTRODUCCIÓN AL CONCEPTO CEL-FI

Unidad de Ventana se sitúa en el interior en el lugar en el que se reciba algo de señal 3G UMTS

La Unidad de Cobertura se sitúa donde se necesita mejorar la cobertura

• Una solución de dos cajas proporciona la cobertura allá donde realmente se necesita.

Una forma sencilla de llevar la cobertura completa al interior



Unidad de Ventana se sitúa en el interior en el lugar en el que se reciba algo de señal 3G UMTS

La Unidad de Cobertura se sitúa donde se necesita mejorar la cobertura

• Una solución partida proporciona cobertura allá donde realmente se necesita.

• La conexión en 5GHz permite una instalación fácil y flexible. Plug&Play real.


Un enlace inalámbrico de 5 GHz conecta la UV y UC (30 MHz FDD)



Nextivity Confidential

5 GHz Wireless Link connects WU and CU (30 MHz FDD)

Coverage Unit is placed where coverage it needed

20

Cel-Fi usa control automático de ganancia y una cancelación rápida de eco para mantener constantemente la máxima ganancia.

Downlink

Uplink

Cobertura de hasta 1200 m2

para tres canales UMTS



• Puede retransmitir hasta 3 canales UMTS de 5MHz en una o dos bandas.

La Unidad de Ventana se sitúa en el interior en el lugar en el que se reciba algo de señal 3G UMTS







21


Downlink

Uplink

Cobertura de hasta 1200 m2

para tres canales UMTS 100 dB de ganancia de sistema



• Puede retransmitir hasta 3 canales UMTS de 5MHz en una o dos bandas.

• 100 dB de ganancia

La Unidad de Ventana se sitúa en el interior en el lugar en el que se reciba algo de señal 3G UMTS (mínimo – 104 dBm RSCP)



SEGURO Y CON ALTA GANANCIA




22


Downlink

Uplink

Seguro para la red en cualquier condición

Un sistema de alta ganancia que funcione con señales muy débiles, ofreciendo cobertura a toda una casa mediante una arquitectura completamente Plg&Play, no podía hacerse sin crear un nuevo tipo de booster.

El Booster Inteligente

La Unidad de Ventana decodifica la señal de la red como un terminal , y emplea esa información para evitar interferencias a la red cuando hay llamadas y apaga el Uplink cuando no hay actividad


23

../Installation Videos/RS2 Dual Band Feb 2013.mp4


WCDMA Basics

In this module you will learn some WCDMA

concepts, how signals are measured, and other important factors for

understanding networks

Module 2 ?

24


REDES 3G (UMTS)


Introduction and General Overview WCDMA GSM

Users separated by Time and Frequency, Cells separated by frequency

Users separated by Coding. Cells separated by Scrambling Code

(UMTS)

GSM Each user gets a time slot in a 200kHz shared channel, and adjacent cells use different channels to limit interference

WCDMA All users share the entire 5MHz channel, and encoding tell them apart

Single UARFCN (channel number)

5 M

Hz

Allo

cati

on

26


Introduction and General Overview

0 0 1 0

1 0 0 1

0 0 1 0

1 0 0 1

+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1

+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

-1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1

+1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1

-1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1

+1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1

0 -2 -2 0 0 +2 0 -2

+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1

0 -2 -2 0 0 +2 0 -2

0 +2 -2 0 0 -2 0 +2

This is an example of synchronous Walsh coding. The original CDMA systems used 64 codes that could support 64 channels (Pilot + 63 Calls for example)

27


The Pilot Channel is a special “Beacon” signal of constant power from the cell (Node B)

The Pilot, Network control, and User Traffic is encoded and all added together and transmitted (the shared channel).

More users = More channel power as the shared channel “loads up” with user traffic

PILOT

CODING Pilot

Constant Pilot Power

User 1

Traffic Load

Control

Channels

Network

Controls

User 1

Encoding

All Users

Summed All User

Traffic Load

28


RSSI is the total in-channel power that the Mobile receives. But we know it is made up of different sub-channels so how do we measure it?

Scenario 1 (Only the Pilot and some Control Channels)

Each sector transmits a certain power. Suppose in our example we have a pilot channel power setting of 2 W (10% of max sector power), and the power of other control channels also at 2 W.

To make it easier to understand, we calculate the Ec/Io (pilot channel power to total power) of this sector in a situation of no busy traffic channel (0 W).

Thus we have:

Ec = 2 W Io = 0 + 2 + 2 = 4 W Ec/Io = (2/4) = 0.5

Converting to dB we have

Ec/Io = 10log(0.5) = - 3dB

29


Scenario 2 (The Pilot and some Control Channels and User traffic)

Now assume that several traffic channels are busy (eg. use 4 W for traffic channels). This is a situation of traffic load and Ec/Io is affected.

Thus we have:

Ec = 2 W Io = 4 + 2 + 2 = 8 W Ec/Io = (2/8) = 0.25 Ec/Io = 10log(0.25) = - 6dB

4W

Conclusion: As the traffic load in the cell increases, the Ec/Io worsens. The mobile sees the same ratio, regardless of signal strength (until other noise interferes)

If the mobile were to receive a -90 dBm signal in this single Node B case (no other cells), then Ec = -90 dBm + (-6 dB) = -96 dBm (the actual received Pilot signal level, or RSCP)

30


Scenario 3 (Now consider interference from other cells as seen by the mobile)

In this scenario we have five cells being received equally by the mobile (-90 dBm each), and for simplicity all have the same channel characteristics.

Conclusion: The more cells the Mobile sees, the worse Ec/Io becomes. This may be used constructively if in Soft Handoff, but otherwise the other cells can cause interference

Now we have:

Ec/Io = (2/40) = 0.05

Io = -83 dBm (which is the sum of five signals of -90 dBm). And the power of our pilot channel remains the same (Ec = -96 dBm).

4W

4W

4W

4W

4W

Ec/Io = 10log(0.05) = - 13dB

31


Another level of encoding is performed to differentiate between cells that are sharing the same frequency channel. The mobile communicates with the cells in the Active Set (usually 1 to 3), and it otherwise keeps track of the Monitored Set (candidates).

Each Cell is identified by it’s scrambling Code

173

76

79

485

27

24

176

32


The Ec/Io that the mobile sees on the channel will depend on the cells whose channels are being boosted. Note that specific cells cannot be rejected (not boosted) by their SC. But antenna selectivity can filter out unwanted cells IF this proves to be a problem for a particular installation.

Loading on each cell is also different, depending on how people are using the cells at any given time

Lightly Loaded

Heavily Loaded

173

76

79

485

27

24

176

33


What are the easily measured channel components to measure?

(Received Signal Strength Indication) RSSI (Total Power in Channel)

RSCP (Power of just Pilot) (Received Signal Code Power)

Ec/Io is the Pilot Signal/Interference (Literally how buried the Pilot is in the loaded Channel)

RSCP = RSSI – [Ec/Io] • RSCP is used to measure the

signal level and therefore Coverage, because as we have seen it is a constant Pilot transmit channel from each cell.

• RSSI and Ec/Io are variables that change constantly due to channel loading from all the users

• Ec/Io (or Ec/No) helps us understand interference levels

where

34


For WCDMA coding to work, downlink channels have similar power levels based on channel requirements, so each channel can successfully be decoded

Downlink is easier

Because users are at different distances from the tower, their Uplink channels won’t arrive to the tower at the right power unless Uplink power is managed

Uplink is harder

Same power to user 1

Same power to user 2

1 2

1 Node B sees same Power

Each handset in idle mode must calculate the pathloss so it does not “blast” the tower with too much power and cause call drops etc. for other users.

2 Less TX Power From User 1

More TX Power From User 2 Node B sees same Power

Node B

Node B

35


A handset measures the CPICH Pilot power it receives (RSCP) from the Node B (tower), and it reads the BCH SIB5 message to know the Node B transmit power

The tower signal attenuates over distance

Knowing the original tower’s transmit power, and the receive power, allows the handset to easily calculate the Pathloss from the tower: (DL Pathloss) = (CPICH Tx Power) – (CPICH RSCP)

Pilot Channel

Broadcast Channel (BCH) – “My TX power is x dBm”

Educated guess at the Uplink power needed

Then the handset can make a good guess at the uplink transmit power needed to reach the Node B during access events, so it does not cause interference at the node B (noise rise)

The BCH broadcasts other important cell information such as Network ID (PLMN-ID)

36


• In WCDMA, the Channel is shared by all users and it is made up of many encoded sub-channels.

• The simplest RF parameters for a mobile to measure are • RSSI (total received power in the channel) • Ec/Io (interference “loading” of the channel) • RSCP (power of the constant Pilot, useful for measuring Coverage)

• The single cell worst case Ec/Io, assuming 10% allocated to the Pilot, is -10 dB. Values below that are caused by other interferences (other cells, random noise)

• Each cell is identified by its Scrambling Code (SC)

• Each cell may be “loaded” differently depending on how people use the cell

• Coding works because power control keeps all users at same relative RX power

37


Introduction and General Overview

Cel-Fi Product Details and why being “Smart”

matters

This module goes into detail about Cel-Fi features, functions and specifications

Module 3

38


• A Smart Booster is A low power access point offering high gain (>70 dB) and

whole-home coverage

Unconditionally Network Safe and therefore improves RF capacity and provides consumers peace of mind

Featuring edge-based Self-Organizing Networking intelligence allowing it to dynamically reconfigure itself in response to network changes such as spectrum re-farming and technology migrations

Completely installable by the end user

• Smart Signal Boosters embraced by regulators as a fundamentally network safe technology providing exceptional public value • OFCOM (UK), FCC (USA), ACMA (Australia) etc.

• Within the new FCC rules for boosters, smart signal boosters are allowed higher gain higher performance compared to standard wide-band signal boosters => higher levels of consumer satisfaction possible with Smart Signal Boosters

39

Under The Hood

1 2 3

Nextivity Cel-Fi is a True 3-Hop Solution

Up to three 5 MHz carriers of WCDMA Macro Network Signal

5 GHz unlicensed UNII link, 3 MHz FDD

Complies with ETSI EN301 893 V1.4.1 (2005-08) (v1.5.1 for DFS)

Repeated WCDMA signal, with up to

100 dB system gain

The rach receiver on the front of the base station handset have a 20 uS Window. Thus signals sent and received by Cel-Fi appear to be just another multi-path.

40

Total End to end signaling delay is less than 7.5 uS

Nextivity Confidential Jan 2012

True Plug and Play

• Very Simple User Self-Installation • Automatic Frequency Gain Control • Feedback Cancellation / Oscillation • Co-Existence Algorithms

1 2 3

41 Nextivity Confidential Jan 2012

Under The Hood

Advanced Antenna System True Plug and Play

• Four Sector, High-Gain Antennas • Automatic Sector Selection • No Head or body Loss • 5+ dB Gain over User Device Alone


1 2 3


Under The Hood


Cel-Fi has four high gain directional antennas in the Window Unit that are much more sensitive than a handset

Each antenna has a 90 degree coverage angle.

At power up, the RSCP levels of the serving Node B(s) are measured on all 4 antennas, and the antenna with the best signal is selected automatically.

Only one of the 4 internal antennas is used at any given time, this use of a directional antenna helps reduce pilot pollution from neighboring cells.

The Window Unit updates the antenna selection:

1. if there is a measured percentage drop in the RSCP level. This could happen:

a. If the Window Unit is re-oriented.

b. If the service Node B goes off air or has a change in power level.

2. once every 24 hours. This will allow the Cel-Fi to automatically adjust to changes in the network

43


Network Safe Operation



• Real-Time Node B RSSI, RSCP & PL Estimation • Node B Noise Rise Avoidance • Automatic Uplink Gating When Inactive • PLMN-ID Detection for Secure Use

1 2 3


Under The Hood

Units are factory provisioned with a table of UARFCNs & PLMN IDs

– Multiple UARFCNS and PLMNs allowed when an operator deploys multiple carriers, or has an MVNO relationship

Intelligent Carrier Selection

– The Window Unit (WU) detects the presence and strength of the signal (RSSI) for each UARFCN

– The WU reads the BCH and decodes the MIB to obtain the operator PLMN ID

– The WU then runs an algorithm to select the 5MHz Carrier to use

Measure downlink pathloss on CPICH

– Cel-Fi WU reads CPICH Tx power from SIB5

– Cel-Fi WU measures CPICH RSCP received

– (DL Pathloss) = (CPICH Tx Power) – (CPICH RSCP)

Gain Limited

– (Gain limit) = (DL Pathloss) – (Safety Margin (33dB for RS2 and 28dB for RS2))

– This protects the uplink from unnecessary noise rise

– For example when the DL pathloss is relatively low and the system gain is high

45

Nextivity Confidential Jan 2012

Network Safe Operation


Network Safe Operation Power Savings



• Decreased Downlink Power Requirement • Decreased Uplink Power Requirement • Longer UE Battery Life • Reduced Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

• Real-Time Node B RSSI, RSCP & PL Estimation • Node B Noise Rise Avoidance • Automatic Uplink Gating When Inactive • PLMN-ID Detection for Secure Use

1 2 3


Under The Hood


The potential of a booster causing a noise rise gets worse for “Small Cells”, which are cells with lower power and coverage, designed to fill in coverage holes or offload heavy local data traffic (i.e. train stations). A Smart Booster that can read the BCH will scale back on UL power so the small cell is not harmed. But a booster that cannot read the BCH can transmit at too much uplink gain/power and completely swamp the small cell receiver.

& DAS

43 dBm CPICH EIRP is typical of a Macrocell, while Small

Cells can be 1 Watt ( 30 dBm) or less. Without the ability to

read the BCH CPICH Tx power, a Booster can easily

overload a cell.

47


ON/OFF Control through network

Only Operator’s Channels Boosted

Available in single or dual band configurations

Supports UMTS bands 1,2,4,5,8

Can relay 3 UMTS 5MHz Ch’s (HSPA+) Plug and Play w/internal antennas

DownLink Power +14.7 dBm max composite External Antenna option

Uplink Power max +26.2 dBm composite Coverage up to 1200 square meters

Up to 100 dB System Gain Echo Cancelation and feedback control

System Delay 7 micro-seconds adjustable 3GPP Rel. 8 Compliant

Supply 100-240 VAC, 17 watts per unit max 0-40 ºC Indoor Use

48


Cellular Technology “Generations” – 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G/LTE

1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G/LTE

Implemented 1970s 1991 1999 2002 2006 2010

Services Voice Data (CS) Circuit Switched

CS Voice & Data

SMS

Voice Packet Data

Higher capacity

Multimedia

Higher rates & dual

channel

Standards AMPS TACS NMT

D-AMPS IS-95 GSM

HSCSD GPRS EDGE

UMTS HSPA HSPA+

LTE & LTE -

Advanced

Data Rate 1.9 kbps 9.6 kbps (14.4 kbps)

57.6 kbps (384 kbps)

144 kbps (2Mbps)

168 Mbps 22Mbps

168 Mbps 22Mbps

Technology FDMA FDMA TDMA CDMA

FDMA TDMA CDMA

WCDMA WCDMA OFDM

Cel-Fi RS2 RS31

1 RS3 expected to be available in the first half of 2014

49


50

Routers use these channels

Router uses these channels

802.11 N – 40MHz channel – four available channels

802.11AC – 80 MHz channel – two available channels

Cel-Fi (WU TX) channels Cel-Fi(CU TX) channels

Cel-Fi- 26 MHz Channel. WU Transmits on Low Band, CU transmits on High Band

or more


• Enables remote control (shut-down) of Cel-Fi based on Broadcast Parameters

– Different capabilities are available, simple and advanced

• Simple Implementation:

– The Cel-Fi listens for PreambleRetransMax value in SIB5 to be shut down and any other value to re-enable. E-7 is displayed on Coverage Unit.

– E.g. set ‘shut-down’ value PreambleRetransMax = 13 to disable all Cel-Fi units in a cell

• Advanced Implementation:

– Complex commands are encoded within URA-IDs within SIB2

51

• Serial number of specific Cel-Fi unit to shut down

• Add specific Cel-Fi units to a group

• Shut down all Cel-Fi units in a group / not in a group

• Etc...

• Use BuildRemoteCmd.exe to generate commands


Network operator has six channels in one UMTS band – PLMN-ID: 234-30

– UARFCN1

– UARFCN2

– UARFCN3

– UARFCN4

– UARFCN5

– UARFCN6 (new)

UARFCN1+2ve exists at a border region

UARFCN6 is newly deployed but was not in the original configuration

Valid PLMN-ID

234-30

Frequency List

DL

UARFCN

-ve UARFCN

search delta

+ve UARFCN

search delta Priority

Filter

Bandwidth

Uarfcn1 0 2 Normal 5MHz



Uarfcn4 0 0 High 5MHz

Uarfcn5 0 0 High 5MHz

RSCP Delta 10 dB

Minimum RSCP Threshold -104 dBm

Boost best PLMN only TRUE

52


If a Cel-Fi is placed in an area with the following received channels

UARFCN Band Priority RSCP(dBm) RSCP+10? Relayed? Logic behind Decision

Uarfcn1+2ve 1 Normal -87 NA Yes This UARFCN sets the highest signal level and was +2 ve

Uarfcn2 1 Normal -88 NA Yes This UARFCN is the second highest w/in 10 dB

Uarfcn3 1 Normal -92 NA No w/in 10dB of highest but #4 wins due to priority

Uarfcn4 1 High -96 -86 Yes Wins because it's w/in 10dB and gets 10 dB priority

Uarfcn5 1 High -98 NA No Not w/in 10 dB of max measured RSCP (priority ignored)

Uarfcn6 1 Undiscovered -89 NA No Undiscovered because Cel-Fi found 3 UARFCN's

Uarfcn1+2ve Uarfcn2 Uarfcn3 Uarfcn4 Uarfcn5 Uarfcn6

10 dB Window Set by -87 dBm strongest signal

-87 -88

-92

-96 measured -98

-89 New

undiscovered Channel

-86 With 10 dB

Priority Advantage

-87

-97

Received BAND 1 Signal RSCP (dBm)

10 dB Window

53


UNIDAD DE VENTANA

Indicador de nivel de señal

Indicador de estado

Rejilla de ventilación


UNIDAD DE VENTANA, VISTA INFERIOR


UNIDAD DE COBERTURA

Rejilla de ventilación

Indicador numérico

Indicador de posición

Indicador de estado


UNIDAD DE COBERTURA, VISTA INFERIOR


Module 4

Cel-Fi Performance

This module shows

analytical data on the performance of Cel-Fi

60


Given that the power level of a mobile network is fixed and throughput depends on the portion of power allocated to a user; Cel-Fi will increase the number of data users per cell

because it reduces the power required for each user to achieve a target data rate.

Indoor users consume more capacity and get lower data

rates than outdoor users

Cel-Fi Makes Indoor Users Look Like Outdoor Users

Outdoor users can get higher data rates further

away from the cell

Data rate & Power Savings


62

Node B Noise Floor before

adding Cel-Fi’s

Node B Noise Floor with Many

Cel-Fi’s

Date

No

ise

Flo

or

dB

m


Based on field survey of deployed Intelligent Boosters in USA and Ireland

63

Location:

Terminal 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Baggage Claim Area

Operator:

Axis Indonesia has a cooperation with Cellular King Shop. Unfortunately Axis doesn’t have 3G coverage in the location of the Cellular King Shop. There are 3 cell sites serving the area around the airport, but no DAS or PICO BTS/NodeB system is installed.


64

TEMS Test Results:

RSCP without Cel-Fi RSCP with Cel-Fi

Result: While without Cel-Fi there is no 3G coverage in the area of the Cellular King Shop at all, with Cel-Fi installed the 3G coverage in the area in & around the shop is excellent and also large parts of the baggage claim area are now well covered by Axis 3G.


65

TEMS Test Results:

EcNo without Cel-Fi EcNo with Cel-Fi

Result: In line with the RSCP measurement also EcNo can only be measured in an area far away from the Cellular shop when Cel-Fi is not installed. With Cel-Fi the 3G users in the area in & around the Cellular Shop can experience now acceptable EcNo values on their Axis 3G voice & data calls.


66

Location:

Binjai8 Premium SOHO

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 39th & 40th floor China Julong

Operator:

China Julong Corporation owns the entire 39th Floor (8 units) and the Penthouse suite of the SOHO development Binjai8 in the center of KL. There is limited to non mobile coverage in large parts of their property and call drops occur regularly.


67 Case Study: Cel-Fi @ Binjai8, Kuala Lumpur

TEMS Test Results: RSCP without Cel-Fi


68

TEMS Test Results: Ec/No without Cel-Fi

Case Study: Cel-Fi @ Binjai8, Kuala Lumpurr




70

TEMS Test Results: RSCP with Cel-Fi

Case Study: Cel-Fi @ Binjai8, Kuala Lumpur




72

TEMS Test Results: RSCP with Cel-Fi



73

TEMS Test Results: Ec/No with Cel-Fi



Cel-Fi Placement

This module reviews

optimum placement of Cel-Fi Window and

Coverage Units for best performance

Module 5

74


Step 1: Use a 3G handset to find the best 3G (WCDMA) donor signal location for the Window Unit

3G 3G

2G

2G

Note: 2G signals are not candidates

3G

2G

2G

75


Step 2: Plug in the Window Unit and observe signal “Bars”

• 1 Bar is enough, but more is better • Cel-Fi setup must be complete for the WU “bars” to be accurate • The number of WU bars may vary throughout the day

Window Unit Display

76


Note the lower coverage number (5). CU Tx power scaled to prevent feedback at WU

Step 3: Place the Coverage Unit where coverage is needed and observe the displayed number (0-9, 9 = more gain).

New Coverage

Coverage Unit Display

77

More Coverage

Coverage Unit Display Note the Higher coverage number (8). CU Tx power increased due to WU-CU separation

Step 4: Move the Coverage Unit is it results in better coverage


78


Coverage Unit Display You should now have 3G (WCDMA) coverage in most areas of the home. This signal level will decrease as you move further from the CU and the benefit is minimum at the Window Unit (on purpose to prevent feedback)

3G

3G

3G

Step 5: Check Coverage by RSCP


79


3G

3G



Service not reliable here even though

“bars”

In this situation there seems to be coverage but the service quality is poor due to interference from many cells (Pollution)

Heavy Interference (Pollution)

Cel-Fi

3G

80


What is Pilot Pollution?

High CPICH reception levels from many

Cells, (more than MAX_ACTIVE_SET) size

serving

cc ASthresholdN

E

N

EcountPilot )(

00

SC 173

SC 76

SC 485

SC 79

SC 24

173 485 76 24 79

Too many Pilots

Better

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Numbers of

Samples

173 76 485 79 24

SC of Pilots

Number of

Samples

Number of

Samples

82


Cel-Fi helps create a “best server” situation

High CPICH reception levels from many

Cells, (more than MAX_ACTIVE_SET) size

serving

cc ASthresholdN

E

N

EcountPilot )(

00

SC 173

SC 76

SC 485

SC 79

SC 24

173 485 76 24 79

Without Cel-Fi

With Cel-Fi

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Numbers of

Samples

173 76 485 79 24

SC of Pilots

Number of

Samples

Number of

Samples

83

Interfering cells now too low to display


84

Coverage Based on Dominance

Coverage Distance from Booster

Sign

al L

eve

l

High Interference

Low Interference

S/N

S/N

Cel-Fi signal = Interference

Smaller Coverage

Larger Coverage

0 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 5

If interference is so bad that call quality suffers, a booster can improve service for the smaller area

where it dominates the signal level

There is no sponge to remove interference. You

can only try and overcome it!


Recommend Only if needed: Select WU location by Ec/Io & SC

SC:194 SC:480

194

The situation before Cel-Fi where the network prefers Cell 194 for data due to Ec/Io

SC:194 SC:480 Here, Cel-Fi placement causes Cell 480 to boost, and 480 and 194 MIGHT interfere (fine for Voice, maybe not Data)

SC:194 SC:480 This placement allows Cel-Fi to boost the Dominant Cell without contributing to data session interference

480 194

194

85


In some cases multiple Cel-Fi systems may be installed in the same location to:

• Add to capacity (two Cel-Fi’s for same Operator) • Add another Operator (two Cel-Fi’s for different

Operators) • Use different single band Cel-Fi’s • Serial linking of two systems to extend coverage

deep into a structure (serial configuration) • Cover a much larger area (business complex, large

store)

Special installations are outside of the scope of the Cel-Fi Quick Install Guide

86


The concepts of installing multiple Cel-Fi systems is more thoroughly covered in a Tech Bulletin (available upon request). But here are some of the basics: • Cel-Fi is unconditionally stable when deployed in mass (they will

sense each other and mutually scale back on gain to prevent feedback). So maximize each system potential by preventing feedback scenarios (WU1 close to CU2 etc., see examples).

• The WU-CU wireless link may be affected by high numbers of 5GHz Wi-Fi nodes if used. Separation helps (1 meter minimum)

• Due to strong RF variations in commercial environments, a CU-7 may be better than an 8 or 9 (room for fluctuations)

• Install one system at a time (others powered OFF) so the CU# properly references the coverage potential.

• No more than two WU’s or two CU’s should be placed next to each other (1 meter minimum separation)

• Longer UNII setup times may result as many channels are attempted and regulatory compliance completed on each.

• If any red light indications occur, redeploy and test again.

87

Add these rules when installing many Cel-Fi Systems


88

Large Commercial Space

9000 Square Meters


89

Now lets place the Cel-Fi Pairs (Remember Cel-Fi Pairs have same Serial Number)

CU1

WU1

Cel-Fi 1


90

CU1 CU2

WU2 WU1

Cel-Fi 2



91

CU1 CU2

CU3

WU2

WU3

WU1

Cel-Fi 3



92

GOOD! Systems well placed in pairs (Performance is maximum for each system)

CU1 CU2

CU3

WU2

WU3

WU1

CU2 is closer to it’s companion WU2 than WU1

or WU3 (less pathloss) (same for all Cel-Fi’s)

NOTE: It is really RF Pathloss and not distance that matters


93

CU1 CU2

CU3

WU2

WU3

WU1

WU2 is closer to it’s companion CU2 than

CU1 or CU3 (same for all Cel-Fi’s)

GOOD! Systems well placed in pairs (Performance is maximum for each system)


94

CU1 CU2

CU3

WU2

WU3

WU1

GOOD! Systems well placed in pairs (OK to have up to two same devices together)

OK (2 max with 1 meter apart)


95

NOT AS GOOD! Coupling: Reduces Performance to prevent feedback (Performance is NOT maximum for each system)

CU1

CU2

CU3

WU2

WU3

WU1

WU2 is closer to CU3 than its companion CU2, AND WU2 will see CU3 more

than Macrocell


96

NOT AS GOOD! Coupling: Reduces Performance to prevent feedback (Performance is NOT maximum for each system)

CU1

CU2

CU3

WU2

WU3

WU1

WU1 is closer to CU2 than its companion CU1

(Gain will be reduced)

Nextivity Confidential 97

WU – CU separation distance can be extended due to reflective metal in commercial building floors and ceilings, as compared to a house. While this extends coverage, it can also limit signal penetration between floors.

WU

CU

CU

WU

Typical Home with 20 meters between units for maximum boost.

Commercial construction


A loop is where a signal goes through Cel-Fi 1, into Cel-Fi 2 then back into Cel-Fi 1. In this situation Cel-Fi will still work but the coverage footprint will be reduced.

WU#1

WU#2

CU#1

CU#2

98


Two Window Units may be collocated if separated by 1 meter. Also install each system such that their CU# is roughly the same.


Commercial construction techniques usually employ concrete and metal flooring structures that can greatly reduce radio propagation between the floors. The solution is to deploy one or more Cel-Fi units on each floor or every other floor.

WU 1 CU 1

WU 2 CU 2

WU 3 CU 3

WU 4 CU 4

100


Each Cel-Fi system is for a different Operator

WU 1 CU 1

CU 2 WU 2

101


• In nearly all cases the simple plug and play install procedure is the way to go THIS MEANS ONLY CONSIDER RSCP SIGNAL LEVEL BECAUSE IT CAN BE TRUSTED

• If Ec/Io of the newly covered areas is not about the same or improved, consider placing the Window Unit based on Ec/Io and cell dominance (by Scrambling Code). But because Ec/Io varies, this method can give temporary results.

THIS MEANS DO NOT USE THIS METHOD UNLESS YOU MUST, BECAUSE RESULTS MAY BE TEMPORARY (Ec/Io is highly variable!!!)

• The coverage area size is mostly determined by the separation distance between the Window and Coverage Units. NOTE – A stronger donor signal helps too

• Multiple Unit installs are not covered in the Quick Start Guide and special rules apply (see section on “Installing Multiple Cel-Fi Systems”)

102


Trials, Tools & Analysis

This module reviews how to properly test

and analyze Cel-Fi using commonly

available support tools

Module 6

103


In order to collect meaningful data from a trial or demonstration, select a suitable test location where:

• the WCDMA signal level (RSCP) is poor to non-existent throughout most of the test area before Cel-Fi

• there is a location in the test area where a suitable donor WCDMA signal exists (-90 dBm is a good target)

If the signal level is too strong throughout the test area before Cel-Fi, then the difference Cel-Fi makes will be difficult to accurately judge against the high levels of variable RF that are present.

Nextivity Recommends a test location where RSCP is ≤ -90 dBm

for testing Cel-Fi or any competing product. This allows full

System Gain range while being a typically poorly covered area.

YES!

NO

104


It is also important to collect meaningful data and Nextivity recommends the following:

RSCP (Coverage improvement) Ec/Io (Channel Loading during test +

Interference) Dominance (serving cells by Scrambling

Code) Always note the booster locations on the

plots Include the number of “bars” displayed

on the Window Unit and the Coverage Unit number.

Indoor data position plots (walk testing) are also very useful when understanding the data.

With Cel-Fi

WU

CU

105


There are a number of tools available for taking measurements

• Professional Tools such as TEMS A wealth of information Built in Reporting Require Training Expensive

• Field Test Modes & Apps on Handsets Field Test Mode (free)

• Basic Information • Can’t Export Data • No standard (varies by model)

Applications (programs) • Low or no cost • Some statistics • Some can export data

106


Professional Tools have it all.

• Can pull data from a number of device types • Can be used with Pilot scanner hardware for

collecting much more network optimization data • Large amounts of data on many parameters can

be collected • Automated reporting and plot generation • Devices must be configured and there are add-

on costs for just about everything • Can import building layouts for in building

position plots of data

For more information please see the manuals supplied with the Professional Data Collection Tool

107


Most handsets and some data modems come with hidden menus for diagnostics. They are usually accessed by dialing or inputting a particular code. How to find the FTM for your handset? Just do a web search for “Field Test Mode” followed by the make and/or model of your handset.

Here is the method for iPhones (that forces regular data updates): • Dial any number to set up a call (and keep the

call up) • Press the “add a call” button on the keypad so

you can dial again • Dial *3001#12345#* and press Call to enter the

FTM screen • Now in the menu it’s UMTS>Neighbors>Active

Set>0 etc.

108


iPhones menu tree guide:

UMTS Call Environment

Neighbor Cells

UMTS Set or Active Set

Now choose the top down

channels being received to view

info like RSCP, Energy per chip

(Ec/Io) and Scrambling Code,

and UARFCH (UMTS Channel

Number equating to a

Frequency)

NOTE: Each handset model may name fields differently. Here DL frequency is actually UARFCN and Energy per Chip = Ec/Io

109


Different apps are available for different handsets and Operating Systems and here are some examples. Note that since these are not professional tools, they do not average high numbers of samples, but they can be very useful (and cheap!)

Speedtest.org Results depend largely on

network loading during the tests, and server used

Real Signal Can export logs and

display Ec/Io graphically

xSignal Can export logs

110


RedHawk lets you load software or configuration files using a PC, the RedHawk program, a micro USB cable, and an internet connection.

Micro USB Cable

UN

II

111


GetCelFiCfg is a program to easily check configurations

WU Adapter Cable

112


Commander lets you observe what Cel-Fi is seeing and doing Donor Signal metrics (RSCP, RSSI, UARFCN, PSC) UNII Metrics (Channels, Signal Levels) General (Relay state, System Gain) Collect Performance Logs

WU Adapter Cable

Micro USB Cable

113


Additional Information

Module 7

114


Orange Status LED indicates External Antenna being Used

Cel-Fi has more gain that any other Booster. So under most circumstances Cel-Fi will out perform other solutions on its own.

But in those cases where no viable signal exists indoors an external antenna may be used.

115


It is also important to understand how antenna systems work, especially for WCDMA systems where every cell is using the same frequency channels.

• The Antenna System and Gain

• Antenna, cable, and radio antenna port mush all match in Impedance (e.g. = 50 ohms)

• Antennas are designed to operate at specific frequencies, and with gain “Patterns”

Antenna has Gain

Antenna cable has Loss Antenna system gain is sum of both, so a 10 dBi antenna minus 5 dB of cable loss = 5 dBi total antenna system gain

Omni (equal in all directions)

Panel (Directed)

Yagi (Very Directed)

Down-tilt can help decrease long range interference to other cells

Down-tilt to control range

10 dBi

-5 dB

116


Rules for using an External Antenna System (50 antenna and cable) • The external antenna is specified as having 5 dBi antenna system gain

• The Coverage Unit number Coverage (more is better) • The WU and CU separation still helps max SysGain • The Directivity of the antenna may help reject undesired “polluting” cells

Antenna has Gain

Antenna cable has Loss Antenna system gain is sum of both, so a 10 dBi antenna minus 5 dB of cable loss = 5 dBi total antenna system gain

10 dBi

-5 dB

Distance!

50

117


• Cel-Fi treats the external antenna as a 5th antenna to select from o If the external antenna is selected the WU Status LED is Orange

(otherwise Status = Green if an internal antenna is a better choice) o The lack of Orange LED may indicate an external antenna problem o Orange is Red + Green LED, so it can seem red to the untrained eye

o System Gain now affected by feedback between CU and Antenna (rather than CU and WU). Isolate antenna “beam” from CU

More is better


• The antenna cable must have an SMA male connector

• The antenna cable must be the thin, flexible type – The recess in which the connector and cable must

fit is quite small, therefore the cable must be flexible or it is impossible to attach the connector. A right angle connector or “jumper” may be used.

• Total aggregate gain of the antenna must not be more than 5dBi – This means that the antenna gain, minus the loss

in the cables and connectors must not exceed 5dBi (a regulatory requirement)

– This is so that the performance of the unit as a whole remains within the required specifications

119


Example of how the iPhone displays bars of signal when the signal is boosted with Cel-Fi

Android

iPhone

15 12 9 6 3 0

Meters from Cel-Fi (through home walls)

Cel-Fi

OFF

120


Android

iPhone Cel-Fi

ON

The same issue of the iPhone favoring Ec/Io Channel Loading when calculating the bars to display affects all users on the Macro network, as well as users of Cel-Fi which is an extension of the Macro network.

15 12 9 6 3 0

Meters from Cel-Fi (through home walls)

Example of how the iPhone displays bars of signal when the signal is boosted with Cel-Fi

121


¡¡GRACIAS POR SU ATENCION!!

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www.nextivityinc.com

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JOSE M. DAZA VP STRATEGIC ACCOUNTS LATAM [email protected] +34629036319 Skype: jose.daza.m

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Documents

Presentación Nextivity.pdf