By: Jaime Y. Martín,

Iván Díaz, Andrea Serradilla and

Raquel García.

WATER PROBLEMS.WATER PROBLEMS.

DROUGHT IN SPAIN.DROUGHT IN SPAIN.

This was the dryest year in the history of Spain. The average precipitation was from only

411mm (-40%). [excluding the Canary Islands]. The draughts in Spain last from 4 o 5 years,

hence the importance of efficiency and good use.

The goverment planed a transfer from the “Ebro” with caused a lot of controversy.

Sept. 1st. 2004 / Aug. 31st. Sept. 1st. 2004 / Aug. 31st. 20052005

Sept. 1st. 2004 / Aug. 31st. Sept. 1st. 2004 / Aug. 31st. 20052005

Water is a public value and it is for all the people,that is why it is priceless, as minister Cristina Narbona says.

15% for peoples to use.

7%industrial requirements.

78% for watering.

But, ¿who manages the water?

It should be managed by Autonomic Comunities where the rivers pass by.

There are more than ½ mill. ilegal wells.

WHO´S WATER IS IT?WHO´S WATER IS IT?

The opposing political party (PP) declared that Spain needed a water transfer from the Ebro river to Murcia to cover the water lack produced by the golf courses. What they don’t take into account are the cost implied, there will be connecting watersheds from humid Spain with the dry one.

According to our source, this is a campaing against the goverments ideas.

However there is still a way to settle Spain water problems:

Desalters

WATER TRANSFER?WATER TRANSFER?

These installations produce fresh water from salt water, by using microfilm and chemicals.

There are several methods:

Destilation Freezing Fash evaporation And other chemical

ways.

THE DESALTERS.THE DESALTERS.

TRASVASE FROM THE EBRO.

DESALTER.

1048 hm3 4200 millions € 3423 Gw/h 1.376.000 tons the

CO2

2252 hectare.

1063 hm3 3900 millions € 2484 Gw/h 998.000 tons the CO2

55.89 hectare

Concluding, it is much more economic to build one or several desalter plants.

COMPARISON OF EXPENSES.COMPARISON OF EXPENSES.

The causes of low rainfall is Spain is the continued presence of anticyclones in the peninsula which has resulted that in winter there is cold air and any precipitación.

The hand of the human being has had little to do with the Spanish drought since there are 23 cases of drought more severe than experienced recently.

DROUGHT CAUSES.DROUGHT CAUSES.

The goverment proposed a series of solutions (water program) in which they proposed using desalters to solve Spains draught problem.

SOLUTIONS.SOLUTIONS.

We haven’t found proof of a significant drought in Germany.

DROUGTH IN GERMANY.DROUGTH IN GERMANY.

There was a draught in 2003 in which 15000 elders died and 60000 hectares of forest were

burned.

DROUGTH IN FRANCE.DROUGTH IN FRANCE.

The drought in 2006 in Estonia creates problems in the countrie´s

water distribution.

DROUGHT IN ESTONIA.DROUGHT IN ESTONIA.

According to some data every time there is a small drought in

Poland crops are seriously affected and severe lossed

occurre.

DROUGHT IN POLAND.DROUGHT IN POLAND.