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Power Point of Present Tense in Spanish
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PRESENT TENSEPRESENT TENSE
Indicative Mood
Regular –AR VerbsRegular –AR Verbs
Take the –AR off and add the following endings:
-o-o
-as-as
-a-a
-amos-amos
-an-an
Example: Take the Example: Take the –AR–AR off of the verb off of the verb comprarcomprar and add the endings from the and add the endings from the
last slide.last slide.
Compro
Compras
Compra
Compramos
Compran
I buy, I do buy, I am buying You buy, you do buy, you are buying He/she buys, he/she does buy, he/she is buying We buy, we do buy, we are buying They buy, they do buy, they are buying
Regular –ER VerbsRegular –ER VerbsTake the –ER off and add the following endings:
-o-o
-es-es
-e-e
-emos-emos
-en-en
Example: Take the Example: Take the –ER–ER off of the verb off of the verb comercomer and add the endings from the last and add the endings from the last
slide.slide.
Como
Comes
Come
Comemos
Comen
I eat, I do eat, I am eating
You eat, you do eat, you are eating
He/she eats, he/she does eat, he/she is eating
We eat, we do eat, we are eating
They eat, they do eat, they are eating
Regular Regular –IR–IR Verbs Verbs
Take the –IR off and add the following endings:
-o-o -es-es -e-e -imos-imos -en-en
Example: Take the Example: Take the –IR–IR off of the verb off of the verb vivirvivir and add the endings from the last slide.and add the endings from the last slide.
Vivo
Vives
Vive
Vivimos
Viven
I live, I do live, I am living
You live, you do live, you are living
He/she lives, he/she does live, he/she is living
We live, we do live, we are living
They live, they do live, they are living
““Special” Verb ChangesSpecial” Verb ChangesThere are certain verbs that have an irregular first-person
singular only; all other forms in the present are regular
cabercaber to fitto fit quepoquepo caercaer to fallto fall caigocaigo
dardar to giveto give doydoyestarestar to beto be estoyestoyhacerhacer to doto do hagohagoponerponer to putto put pongopongosabersaber to knowto know sésétraertraer to bringto bring traigotraigovalervaler to be worthto be worth valgovalgoverver to seeto see veoveo
““Special” Verb ChangesSpecial” Verb ChangesVerbs that end in a vowel followed by –cer–cer and –cir–cir
change cc to zczc in the first person singular only.
Some examples:ConoConocercer to knowto know conoconozczcooMereMerecercer to deserveto deserve meremerezczcooOfreOfrecercer to offerto offer ofreofrezczcooPertenePertenecercer to belongto belong pertenepertenezczcooReconoReconocercer to recognizeto recognize reconoreconozczcooTraduTraducircir to translateto translate tradutraduzczcooConduConducircir to driveto drive conduconduzczcooProduProducircir to produceto produce produproduzczcoo
““Special” Verb ChangesSpecial” Verb Changes
Some common irregular verbs in the present tense are:
DECIRDECIR IRIR OíR OíR SER SER TENER TENER VENIRVENIR (to say)(to say) (to go)(to go) (to hear) (to hear) (to be) (to be) (to have) (to have) (to come)(to come)
Yo Yo digo digo voyvoy oigo oigo soy soy tengo tengo vengovengoTú Tú dices dices vasvas oyes oyes eres eres tienes tienes vienesvienesÉl Él dice dice vava oye oye es es tiene tiene vienevieneNosotros decimosNosotros decimos vamosvamos oímos oímos somos tenemos somos tenemos venimosvenimosEllos Ellos dicen dicen vanvan oyen oyen son son tienen tienen vienenvienen
Note that the verb Note that the verb “haber”“haber” is also irregular. is also irregular. The present tense form of The present tense form of “hay”“hay” means means “there is”“there is” and and “there are”.“there are”.
““Special” Verb ChangesSpecial” Verb Changes
Verbs that end in a vowel followed by –ger–ger and –gir–gir change gg to jj before the –o ending.
Some examples:CoCogerger to catch, grabto catch, grab cocojjooEscoEscogerger to chooseto choose escoescojjooProteProtegerger to protectto protect proteprotejjooRecoRecogerger to pick upto pick up recorecojjooExiExigirgir to demandto demand exiexijjooDiriDirigirgir to directto direct diridirijjoo
““Special” Verb ChangesSpecial” Verb Changes
Verbs ending in –guir–guir change gugu to gg before the –o ending.
Some examples:
DistinDistinguirguir to distinguishto distinguish distindistinggooExtinExtinguirguir to extinguishto extinguish extinextinggoo
““Special” Verb ChangesSpecial” Verb Changes
Verbs that end in –cer and -cir change the “c” to “z” before the “-o” ending.
For example
ConvenConvencercer to convinceto convince convenconvenzzooEjerEjercercer to practiceto practice ejerejerzzooVenVencercer to overcome to overcome venvenzzoo
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb Changes
The “Boot Verbs” that end in “ar” and “er” that have a stem change from the letter “e” to the letters “ie” occur in all forms except “nosotros” and
“vosotros”. Take the ending off and choose the vowel that is closest to the end of the stem as the one to change.
For example
CERRAR (to close) QUERER (to love, want)Cerr (stem) Quer (stem)
Yo cierro quieroTú cierras quieresÉl cierra quiereNosotros cerramos queremosEllos cierran quieren
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb Changes The following is a list of commonly used verbs that follow the
pattern of cerrar and querer:
comenzar to start, begin defender to defend
despertar (se) to wake up descender to descend
empezar to start, begin encender to light up
fregar to wash, scrub entender to understand
nevar to snow sentar (se) to sit down
pensar (en) to think (of, about) recomendar to recommend
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb ChangesSome “ar” and “er” verbs have the “o” change to “ue” in all
forms except the “nosotros” and “vosotros”. Take the ending off the verb and change the vowel closest to the end in the
stem that remains:
For example
CCOONTAR NTAR (to count, to tell)(to count, to tell) VVOOLVER LVER (to return)(to return)CCoont- nt- (stem)(stem) VVoolv- lv- (stem)(stem)
Yo Yo ccueuentonto vvueuelvolvoTú Tú ccueuentasntas vvueuelveslvesÉl Él ccueuentanta vvueuelvelveNosotros Nosotros ccoontamosntamos vvoolvemoslvemosEllos Ellos ccueuentanntan vvueuelvenlven
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb ChangesSome verbs that are conjugated
like contar and volver are:
Acordar (se) deAcordar (se) de to rememberto remember dolerdoler to hurtto hurtAcostar (se)Acostar (se) to go to bedto go to bed lloverllover to rainto rainCostarCostar to costto cost movermover to moveto moveEncontrar Encontrar to findto find poderpoder to be able toto be able toMostrarMostrar to showto show resolverresolver to solveto solveProbar (se)Probar (se) to try, to taste; to try onto try, to taste; to try onRecordarRecordar to rememberto rememberSonarSonar to ring, soundto ring, soundSoñarSoñar (con)(con) to dreamto dreamTronarTronar to thunderto thunderVolarVolar to flyto fly
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb Changes
The verb jugar (to play) is a u stem verb conjugated like contar. It is the only u->ue stem-changing verb in Spanish.
YoYo jjueuegogoTúTú jjueuegasgasÉl Él jjueuegagaNosotros Nosotros jjuugamosgamosEllos Ellos jjueuegangan
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb Changes
Spanish spelling rules require h to precede all present tense forms of oler, except nosotros and vosotros.
Yo hueloTú huelesÉl huele Nosotros olemosEllos huelen
““Boot”Verbs ChangesBoot”Verbs ChangesSome verbs that end in –ir have an e->ie stem change. The
stem has a change in all forms except the nosotros and vosotros. An example of this is the verb:
PREFPREFEERIR (to prefer)RIR (to prefer)prefprefeer-r-
YoYo prefprefieieroroTúTú prefprefieieresresÉlÉl prefprefieierereNosotrosNosotros prefprefeerimosrimosEllosEllos prefprefieierenren
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb ChangesSome verbs that are like preferir are:
DivDiveertir (se)rtir (se) to have a good timeto have a good time
MMeentirntir to lieto lie
RefRefeerir (se) arir (se) a to refer toto refer to
SSeentirntir to regretto regret
SSeentir (se)ntir (se) to feelto feel
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb ChangesSome verbs have an o->ue stem change in all
forms except the nosotros and vosotros.
DDOORMIR RMIR (to (to sleep)sleep)
ddoorm rm (stem)(stem)YoYo ddueuermormoTúTú ddueuermesrmesÉlÉl ddueuermermeNosotrosNosotros ddoormimosrmimosEllosEllos ddueuermenrmen
Morir (se) (to die) is conjugated like dormir.
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb ChangesSome verbs that end in –ir have an e->i stem
change in all forms except the nosotros and vosotros.
PEDIR (to ask for)Ped- (stem)
Yo pidoTú pidesÉl pideNosotros pedimosEllos piden
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb ChangesThe following verbs have a spelling change in their
stem like the verb pedir.
DespDespeedir (se)dir (se) to say good=byeto say good=bye
MMeedirdir to measureto measure
RReeír (se) (de)ír (se) (de) to laugh; to make fun (of)to laugh; to make fun (of)
RepRepeetirtir to repeatto repeat
SSeervirrvir to serveto serve
SonrSonreeír (se)ír (se) to smileto smile
VVeestir (se)stir (se) to dress; to get dressedto dress; to get dressed
All forms of All forms of rreeír ír and and sonrsonreeír ír
have an accent mark on the stem vowel have an accent mark on the stem vowel íí..
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb Changes
The verb seguir is conjugated like pedir but has the following spelling change in the yo form:
YoYo ssiigogo
TúTú ssiiguesgues
ÉlÉl ssiiguegue
NosotrosNosotros sseeguimosguimos
EllosEllos ssiiguenguen
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb ChangesVerbs ending in –uir add a y following the u in all forms
except the nosotros and vosotros forms.
INCLUIR (to INCLUIR (to include)include)
YoYo incluincluyyoo
TúTú incluincluyyeses
ÉlÉl incluincluyyee
NosotrosNosotros incluincluiimosmos
EllosEllos incluincluyyenen
““Boot” Verb ChangesBoot” Verb Changes
The following verbs have a spelling change in their stem like the verb incluir.
ConcluirConcluir to concludeto conclude
DestruirDestruir to destroyto destroy
HuirHuir to fleeto flee
InfluirInfluir to influenceto influence
PRESENT TENSEPRESENT TENSETo describe an action happening now. (Now I see Anna. Louis is arriving at the gate.)To express actions that take place regularly, in a habitual way. (Usually I buy fruit at the supermarket.)To describe events that will take place in the near future. (I am discussing the plan at the meeting tomorrow.)To ask questions,especially requesting permission or someone’s opinion or preference. (Do you drink coffee or tea?)To tell facts considered unquestionable or universal truths. (Five plus fifteen is twenty.)To describe a past event, making it more vivid. This is called the historical present. (The first man gets to the moon in 1969.)To express hypothetical actions introduced by sí. (If the train arrives, we are leaving.)
PRESENT TENSEPRESENT TENSEThe translation of the present tense of the verb ayudar
(to help) would be:
• Ayudo—I help, I am helping, I do help• Ayudas—You help, you are helping, you do help• Ayuda—He helps, he is helping, he does help• Ayudamos—We help, we are helping, we do help• Ayudan—They help, they are helping, they do help
NOTE: The English helping verbs—am, are, is, do, and does are included in the Spanish verb and are NOT translated separately.