Present perfect tense:

negative, interrogativeadverbs of time

Negative statements are formed like this.no

t I have finished.

Negative statements are formed like this.

I have not/haven’t finished.

You have finished.

not

Negative statements are formed like this.

I have not/haven’t finished.

You have not/haven’t finished.

She has finished.

not

Negative statements are formed like this.

I have not/haven’t finished.

You have not/haven’t finished.

She has not/hasn’t finished.

Questions are formed like this.

I have finished.

You have finished.

She has finished.

Have I finished?

Have you finished?

Has she finished?

Adverbs of time

JustAlready/yetOnce/twiceEver/neverSince/for

I have done my homework yesterday.

I did my homework yesterday.

Warning!!We cannot use the Present Perfect tense with adverb of time, yesterday.

Just

Do you want to drink tea?

‘Just’ goes in the middle of the sentence.

No, I have just drunk tea.

In the Present Perfect tense, we use just for the events that recently occured.

Already / yet

Have you eaten the apples yet? (question)

‘Yet’ goes at the END of the sentence or question.

No, I haven’t eaten the apples yet. (negative)

In the Present Perfect tense, we use yet with questions or negative (no) sentences.

Already / yet

Have you eaten the apples yet? (question) Yes, I’ve already eaten the apples. (positive)

‘Already’ goes in the MIDDLE or at the END of the sentence.or Yes, I’ve eaten the apples already. (positive)

In the Present Perfect tense, we use already with positive (yes) sentences.

once / twice

How many time have you given flowers to the pop star ? (question)

I’ve given flowers to a pop star once only.

‘once’ goes at the END of the sentence.

or I’ve given flowers to a pop star only once.

In the Present Perfect tense, we use once /twice to express frequency.

ever / never

Have you ever celebrated the Cheung Chau Bun Festival ? (question)

No,I’ve never celebrated the Cheung Chau Bun Festival. (answer)

In the Present Perfect tense, we use ever (question) and never (answer) to express frequency.

______ Mary _______ her homework _____?

Yes, she __________her homework _______ .

Has done yet

has done already

Already / yet excersisese.g. do

Yes, she _________________her homework.has already done

or

______ Ben _______ his hamburger_____ ?

No, he ___________________ his hamburger

_______ .

Has eaten yet

hasn’t / has not eaten

Already / yet

e.g. eat

yet

2 (sweep)

________ Sally and Joe ________ the

floor _______ ?

No, they____________ the floor

_____ .

1 (do)

________ Mum ________ the washing _______ ?

Yes, she _______________ the washing.

Has doneyet

has already done

Have swept

yet

haven’t swept

yet

Practice

4 (write)

________ Mark ________ the letter

_______ ?

No, he ____________ the letter _____ .

3 (throw)

________ you ________ away the rubbish _______ ?

Yes, I ______________ away the rubbish

_______ .

Have thrownyet

’ve / have thrown

Has written

yet

hasn’t written yet

already

Practice

5 (have)

_______ you ______ _______ breakfast in your bed?

No, I ____________ ________ breakfast in my bed.

Have had

have never had

Practice

ever

For, Since

Events that began in the past and haven't changed:

e.g. I’ve grown flowers for two years.

2012-nowNow is 2014.

We use the present perfect tense with since and for to say how long an action has lasted.

Since, For

I have played the piano since 2010.

I have played the piano for four years.

Since

Since is used for: start of the time a particular time

Since Monday

Present Past

Monday

start of the time

Since

We use since with the present perfect tense to refer to the starting point of an action.

I have studied at this school since 2011.

(2011 is a point of time, not a period of time.)

Now 2014

starting time2011

Since can be used with ............

Since

9 o’clock

last weekend

Christmas

12:30

2001

April 4th

Sample sentences with Since

I have been in the office since 9 o’clock.I have lived in Buffalo since 2006.She has known John since December 12th.We haven’t taken a test since last week.I have had a driving license since I was 18.They have taken this class since January.It hasn’t snowed since two weeks ago.

For

For is used for: a period of time a duration of time

1 2 3 4

For four days

Present

Past

For

We use for with the present perfect tense to refer to a period of time.

I have studied at this school for two

years.

( ‘Two years’ is a period of time, not a point of time.)

Now 2014

starting time

since 2012

period of time (for two years)

For can be used with ………….

For

an hour

a long time

ten second

s

a decade

ten minute

s

five years

a month

two weeks

Sample Sentences with For

I have waited for my friend for an hour.I have studied English for a month.It hasn’t snowed for more than two

weeks.Have you been in Buffalo for a long time?She has been in Canada for five years.They haven’t slept for a whole day.I have talked with my mother for 10

minutes.

Practice (1)Use since or for.

1 I have had piano lessons _____ ten years.

2 Peter has collected stamps _____ 2003.

3 Amy has grown flowers _____ last month.

4 My brother has played football _____ two years.

5 John and Jenny have been friends _____ eight months.

6 They have done ballet _____ 2000.

7 My father has driven his car _____ 1996.

for

for

for

sincesinc

e

since sinc

e

Let’s compare since with for !

I have had this book _______ May 1st.I have had this book _______ two weeks.

I have been in Ankara _______ 2007.I have been in Ankara _______ for seven

year.

I have known him _______ two years.I have known him _______ 2012.

How long …?

How long

have played football? collected stickers? learnt the piano?has

you

heshe

played football collected stickers learnt the piano

since

for

2013.

one year.

I

HeShe

have

has

How long… ?

paint pictures, 2009

A: How long have you painted pictures?

B: I have painted pictures since 2009.

grow flowers, six months

A: How long have you grown flowers?

B: I have grown flowers for six months.

play the violin, five years

A: How long have you played the violin?

B: I have played the violin for five years.

Know, your best friend,Ten years

A: How long __________________________ ?

B: I _________________________________ .

have you known your best friendhave known my best friend for ten

years

How many times …?

How many times

have been to a concert? travelled alone? has

you

heshe

been to a concert only once. travelled alone twice.

I

HeShe

have

has

visit,Rome,only once

A: How many times ___________________ ?

B: I________________________.

have you visited Rome have visited Rome only once

sleep, a tent, never

A: How many times ___________________ ?

B: I_______________________.

have you slept in a tent have never slept in a tent

Practice (past simple or present perfect)e.g. I _______ a dress two weeks ago. (make)

made

1 I ______________ in Hong Kong since 1990. (live)

2 My parents _______ our house in 2000. (buy)

3 Miss Lee ___________ at my school for two years. (teach)

4 Tom _______ his uncle one month ago. (visit)

5 Polly and Dolly __________ friends since last year. (be)

6 The baby __________ for four hours. (sleep)

have lived

bought

has taught

visited

have been

has slept