Present perfectHave you ever . . . ?

Past Perfect

When do we use it? ◦Talking about the past◦Thinking about the past + present together◦Talking about things that happened until now

(but maybe will change in the future)

past present future

present perfect

Talking about the Past

I have eaten hamsi.

past present future

eat hamsi

Talking about the Past with the Present

She has written me a letter, and now I am writing her one.

finished action presentpresent perfectshe wrote . . . . . . I am writing.

Talking about the Past with the Present

I have made a cake. Do you want to eat some?

finished action presentpresent perfectI made. . . . . . you want to eat.

Talking about things that happened until now (but maybe will change in the future)

I have been to Mersin.

past now

summer 2010

spring 2011

Formula

+ = have/has + past participle◦I have seen the Black Sea.

-- = have/has + not + past participle◦My mother has not seen the Black Sea.

? = Have/has + subject + past participle?◦Have you seen the Black Sea?

Time expressions

With time expressions:

Okay NOT OKAY!! (finished time)

Already Yesterday

Just At 3:00.

Yet Last week

Since _________ (Tuesday, 1999, etc.)

For _________ (2 days, 10 years, etc.)

Been vs. Gone

Been = I went and came back. ◦I’ve been to Spain once. ◦He’s been to my house before.

Gone = I am there now.◦He’s gone to Spain for holiday. He will come

back next week. ◦She just gone walking. She will be back soon.

Practice

Write 6 sentences: ◦2 positive◦2 negative◦2 questions