The Present Passive SystemLatin 8

2018-2019

The Active VoiceThe subject performs the action:

Hercules kills the Hydra.

Herculēs Hydram interficit.(The subject verbs the direct object.)

(The nominative verbs the accusative.)

The Passive VoiceThe subject experiences the action:

The Hydra is killed by Hercules.

Hydra ab Hercule interficitur.(The subject is verbed by the “doer”).

(The nominative is verbed by the ablative of agent.)

Sg. Pl.1st -ō/-m -mus2nd -s -tis3rd -t -nt

Present Active Endings

Sg. Pl.1st -r -mur2nd -ris -minī3rd -tur -ntur

Present Passive Endings

Active vs. Passive VoiceThe active and passive versions of a sentence both

retain the same meaning.

The Hydra is killed by Hercules.Hercules kills the Hydra.

So what is the difference between the two?

Point of View!

Translating the Active Voice:The present system is all about incomplete action:

I love/ I am

loving.

You loved/ You were

loving.

He will love / He will be

loving

amō

amābās

amābit

Translating the Passive Voice:The present system is all about incomplete action:

I am loved/I am being

loved.

You were loved/ You were being

loved.

She will be loved.

amōr

amābāris

amābitur

Forming the Present Passive System1. Everything you know about the

active system still applies!

-Present stem

-1st/2nd - future bo/bi/bu

-Conjugations

-3rd/4th - future ham/eggs

2. There is only one step to change from active to passive:

Change the endings!

Pres. Singular Plural

1st amōr (I am loved) amāmur2nd amāris (You are loved) amāminī3rd amātur (S/he/it is loved) amanturImpf. Singular Plural

1st amābar (I was being loved)

amābāmur2nd amābāris amābāminī3rd amābātur amābanturFut. Singular Plural

1st amābor (I will be loved) amābimur

2nd amāberis amābiminī

3rd amābitur amābuntur

1) amō, amāre, amavī, amatus: to love

Pres. Singular Plural

1st habēor habēmur2nd habēris habēminī3rd habētur habenturImpf. Singular Plural

1st habēbar habēbāmur2nd habēbāris habēbāminī3rd habēbātur habēbanturFut. Singular Plural

1st habēbor habēbimur

2nd habēberis habēbiminī

3rd habēbitur habēbuntur

2) habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus: to hold, have, possess

Pres. Singular Plural

1st ducor ducimur2nd duceris duciminī3rd ducitur ducunturImpf. Singular Plural

1st ducēbar ducēbāmur2nd ducēbāris ducēbāminī3rd ducēbātur ducēbanturFut. Singular Plural

1st ducar ducēmur

2nd ducēris ducēminī

3rd ducētur ducentur

3rd) ducō, ducere, duxī, ductus: to lead

Pres. Singular Plural

1st capior capimur2nd caperis capiminī3rd capitur capiunturImpf. Singular Plural

1st capiēbar capiēbāmur2nd capiēbāris capiēbāminī3rd capiēbātur capiēbanturFut. Singular Plural

1st capiar capiēmur

2nd capiēris capiēminī

3rd capiētur capientur

3rd -io) capiō, capere, cepī, captus: to capture, seize

Pres. Singular Plural

1st audior audīmur2nd audīris audīminī3rd audītur audiunturImpf. Singular Plural

1st audiēbar audiēbāmur2nd audiēbāris audiēbāminī3rd audiēbātur audiēbanturFut. Singular Plural

1st audiar audiēmur

2nd audiēris audiēminī

3rd audiētur audientur

4th) audiō, audīre, audivī, auditus: to hear, listen

Pres. Singular Plural

1st laudōr (I am praised) laudāmur2nd laudāris (You are praised) laudāminī3rd laudātur (S/he/it is praised) laudanturImpf. Singular Plural

1st laudābar (I was being praised)

laudābāmur2nd laudābāris laudābāminī3rd laudābātur laudābanturFut. Singular Plural

1st laudābor (I will be praised) laudābimur

2nd laudāberis laudābiminī

3rd laudābitur laudābuntur

1st) laudō, laudāre, laudavī, laudatus: to praise

Pres. Singular Plural

1st vincor vincimur2nd vinceris vinciminī3rd vincitur vincunturImpf. Singular Plural

1st vincēbar vincēbāmur2nd vincēbāris vincēbāminī3rd vincēbātur vincēbanturFut. Singular Plural

1st vincar vincēmur

2nd vincēris vincēminī

3rd vincētur vincentur

3rd) vincō, vincere, vicī, victus: to conquer

Pres. Singular Plural

1st ferior ferīmur2nd ferīris ferīminī3rd ferītur feriunturImpf. Singular Plural

1st feriēbar feriēbamur2nd feriēbaris feriēbaminī3rd feriēbatur feriēbanturFut. Singular Plural

1st feriar feriēmur

2nd feriēris feriēminī

3rd feriētur ferientur

4th) feriō, ferīre, ferivī, feritus: to strike