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PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH
1. Actual and Allowed LPD
2. Complete Building Method
3. Area Category Method
4. Tailored Method
SECTION 9
THE COMPLIANCE PROCESS
There are two major steps to Title 24 compliance:
1. Meet all mandatory requirements by installing required controls and
devices and ensuring that they have all of the required functionality.
2. Meet all prescriptive or performance requirements by ensuring that the
actual lighting power installed in a space is less than the allowed lighting
power for that space.
SLIDE 175 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
ACTUAL LIGHTING POWER
The actual indoor lighting power of the proposed building area is the
total wattage of all planned, permanent and portable lighting systems,
adjusted by the following:
1. Reduction of wattage through controls
2. Lighting wattage exclusions
3. Up to 0.3 W/ft2 of portable lighting for office areas ONLY is excluded
SLIDE 176 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
ACTUAL LIGHTING POWER: REDUCTION THROUGH CONTROLS
If you exceed the mandatory controls
requirements by installing a control where
it is not required, you are eligible for a
Power Adjustment Factor (PAF). This
will result in a lower calculated lighting
power use for the installed system.
( Controlled W ) X ( PAF from 140.6-A )
= Lighting Power Reduction
For example, a 480 ft2 open office plan
with an occupancy control is eligible for a
PAF of 0.2. Given that the controlled
lighting in that space totaled 100W :
(100W) X (0.2) = 20W of excluded
lighting power (80W total)
SLIDE 177 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
T24 2013 Power Adjustment Factors
SLIDE 178 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
ACTUAL LPD: LIGHTING WATTAGE EXCLUDED
Wattage of many lighting applications may be excluded, including:
• Studio lighting for film or photography and for a videoconferencing studio
• Equipment that is for sale and for demonstration
• Lighting installed by the manufacturer in vending machines, scientific and
industrial equipment, refrigerated cases, walk-in freezers, and food
preparation equipment
SLIDE 179
Photo: Jessie Whiteman
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER
The allowed indoor lighting power for each building or area is
calculated using one of the following methods:
• Complete Building
• Area Category
• Tailored Method
Each of these methods involves multiplying the square footage of a space by
the allowed wattage per square foot for that space.
SLIDE 180 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD
SECTION 9
COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD
The Complete Building Method may only be used on projects involving entire
buildings with one primary type of use or in mixed-use buildings or tenant spaces
where 90% of the spaces have one primary use.
This is the simplest way to comply with the Standards, and many will attempt this
method first before trying one of the two more complex methods.
(TABLE 140.6-B ) X (floor area of entire building ) = Allowed Lighting Power
SLIDE 182 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
CHANGES TO 140.6-B
SLIDE 183
TYPE OF BUILDING
ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER DENSITY
(WATTS PER SQUARE FOOT)
2013 2008
Office Building
0.85
0.8
0.8 0.85
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD EXAMPLE
A 3,000 ft2 office building uses a total of 2,500W of lighting, 500W of which is
portable lighting on desks. More than 90% of the building is used for office
space. Does this space comply using the Complete Building Method?
Step 1: 0.3 W/ft2 of portable lighting for office areas is excluded.
0.3W x 3,000 ft2 = up to 900W excluded (all 500W in our case)
Adjusted actual installed lighting = 2,500W – 500W = 2,000W
SLIDE 184 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD EXAMPLE
A 3,000 ft2 office building uses a total of 2,500W of lighting, 500W of which is
portable lighting on desks. More than 90% of the building is used for office
space. Does this space comply using the Complete Building Method?
Step 2: Determine allowed lighting using Table 140.6-B
Offices = 0.8W/ft2 allowed
3,000ft2 x 0.8W/ft2 = 2,400W allowed
SLIDE 185 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD EXAMPLE
A 3,000 ft2 office building uses a total of 2,500W of lighting, 500W of which is
portable lighting on desks. More than 90% of the building is used for office
space. Does this space comply using the Complete Building Method?
Step 3: Does it comply?
2,400W allowed
2,000W installed after adjustments
YES! This space is compliant!
SLIDE 186 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
FORMS FOR COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD
SLIDE 187
CEC-NRCC-LTI-01-E
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
FORMS FOR COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD
SLIDE 188
CEC-NRCC-LTI-03-E
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
FORMS FOR PORTABLE LIGHTING IN OFFICES
SLIDE 189
NRCC-LTI-01-E
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
AREA CATEGORY METHOD
SECTION 9
AREA CATEGORY METHOD
The total allowed lighting power for the building is the sum of all allowed
lighting power calculations for all areas in the building. An “area” is defined
as all adjacent spaces which are associated with a single function type, as
listed in Table 140.6-C.
(Allowed W/ft2 per Table 140.6-C ) X (ft2 of the area)
= Allowed Lighting Power for that area
SLIDE 191 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
CHANGES TO 140.6-C
SLIDE 192
PRIMARY FUNCTION AREA
ALLOWED LIGHTING
POWER (W/ft2)
2013 2008
Office Area > 250 ft2 0.75 0.9
Office Area ≤ 250 ft2 1 1.1
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
AREA CATEGORY METHOD EXAMPLE
SLIDE 193
SECTION 5
LIGHTING SCHEDULE
Luminaire Source Type Product Example Installed Power Quantity
Classroom
1x8 linear pendant Linear Fluorescent T8 Finelite series 12-ID 59W 6
Corridor
Recessed downlight Integral LED Cree CR6 12W 13
Conference Room
Recessed downlight Integral LED Cree CR6 12W 4
1x8 linear pendant Linear Fluorescent T8 Finelite series 12-ID 59W 1
Controls: 1. Both the conference room and classroom have manual dimmer switches
2. Corridors are controlled with occupancy sensors that dim to 40% when vacant
3. Linear pendants are equipped with integral occupancy sensors that shut lights off
completely when the area is vacant and allow partial-on control
SLIDE 194 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SLIDE 195
Conference Room
265 ft2
Classroom
643 ft2
Corridors
512 ft2
SECTION 9
CONFERENCE ROOM
Step 1: Calculate actual installed power (watts)
Step 2: Adjust actual power using Power Adjustment Factors
Step 3: Calculate allowed power (watts)
Step 4: Determine compliance (actual < allowed)
SLIDE 196 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
Photo: Cree, Inc.
SECTION 9
CONFERENCE ROOM
Step 1: Calculate actual installed power
Step 2: Adjust actual wattage using Power Adjustment Factors
Step 3: Calculate allowed power
Step 4: Determine compliance (actual < allowed)
4x Recessed Downlight 4 x 12W = 48W
1x Linear Pendant 1 x 59W = 59W
TOTAL 107W
SLIDE 197
107W
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
CONFERENCE ROOM
Step 1: Calculate actual installed power
Step 2: Apply Power Adjustment Factors
Step 3: Calculate allowed wattage
Step 4: Determine compliance (actual < allowed)
Are the installed controls all mandatory? Do any exceed the standards?
The linear pendant in the conference room has integral occupancy controls
with partial-on capability that are not required by the code, making it eligible
for a Power Adjustment Factor of 0.2 from Table 140.6-A.
We can therefore adjust the installed wattage:
59W x 0.2 PAF = 12W
107W - 12W = 95W after adjustment
SLIDE 198
107W
95W
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
CONFERENCE ROOM
Step 1: Calculate actual installed power
Step 2: Apply Power Adjustment Factors
Step 3: Calculate allowed power
Step 4: Determine compliance (actual < allowed)
Allowed lighting power is determined by multiplying the square footage
of the space by the allowed watts per square foot in Table 140.6-C.
Allowed Wattage = ft2 of the space x allowed W/ft2 in Table 140.6-C
265 ft2 x 1.4W/ft2 = 371 W allowed
SLIDE 199
107W
95W
371W
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
CONFERENCE ROOM
Step 1: Calculate actual installed wattage
Step 2: Apply Power Adjustment Factors
Step 3: Calculate allowed wattage
Step 4: Determine compliance (actual < allowed)
Does the space comply? Is our adjusted installed wattage less than the
allowed wattage?
Yes! We have 95W installed and are allowed 371W. This portion of the floor
plan is compliant with Title 24.
SLIDE 200
107W
95W
371W
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
CLASSROOM
Actual installed: 59W linear pendants x 6 = 354W
PAF Adjustment: 0.2 (partial-on occupancy control)
Adjusted Installed: 283W
Allowed: 643 ft2 x 1.2W per ft2 = 772W
Does it comply?
Yes! We have 283W installed and are allowed up to 772W.
SLIDE 201 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
CORRIDORS
Actual installed: 12W recessed downlight x 13 = 156W
PAF Adjustment: None
Adjusted Installed: 156W
Allowed: 512 ft2 x 0.6W per ft2 = 307W
Does it comply?
Yes! We have 156W installed and are allowed 307W.
SLIDE 202 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER
Conference Room: 95W / 371W
Classroom: 283W / 772W
Corridors: 156W / 307W
TOTAL: 518W / 1450W
Our space complies and is well below the maximum allowed power.
SLIDE 203 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
Photo: Acuity Brands Photo: Cree, Inc.v Photo: Cree, Inc.
SECTION 9
WHAT IF IT DIDN’T COMPLY?
Let’s assume that our space used less efficacious products instead of the
LEDs. In this case, it is possible that our space would not comply. What
happens if…
1. The conference room was over its power allowance, but the other
spaces were under?
OR
2. All of the spaces are over their allowed lighting power limits?
SLIDE 204 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
FORMS FOR AREA CATEGORY METHOD
SLIDE 205
CEC-NRCC-LTI-01-E
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
FORMS FOR AREA CATEGORY METHOD
SLIDE 206
CEC-NRCC-LTI-03-E
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
FORMS FOR AREA CATEGORY METHOD
SLIDE 207
CEC-NRCC-LTI-03-E
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
FORMS FOR MANDATORY CONTROLS REQUIREMENTS
SLIDE 208
CEC-NRCC-LTI-02-E
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
FORMS FOR MANDATORY CONTROLS REQUIREMENTS
SLIDE 209
CEC-NRCI-LTI-05-H
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
TAILORED METHOD
SECTION 9
TAILORED METHOD
• Allowances for each area (just like area category)
• Allowances for display and task lighting within an area
Allowed lighting power is determined by the space’s occupancy type
and physical characteristics (e.g., ceiling height).
See Table 140.6-D for details.
SLIDE 211 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
CHANGES TO 140.6-D
SLIDE 212
1 2 3 4 5
Primary Function Area
General
Illumination
Level (Lux) Wall Display
Allowed
Combined
Allowed
Ornamental
2013 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008
Financial Transaction Area 300 3.15 3.15 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.6
Malls and Atria 300 3.5 3.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6
Retail Merchandise Sales,
and Showroom Areas 400 14 17 1 1.2 0.5 0.7
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
ALLOWANCES UNDER THE TAILORED METHOD
The Tailored Method adds additional lighting power allowances for:
• Wall displays
• Floor displays
• Task lighting
• Ornamental/special effects lighting
• Very valuable display cases
These lighting power allowances cannot be used in any space other
than the display or task area. Any wattage not covered by these
allowances must be deducted from the general lighting allowance for
that area.
SLIDE 213 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
EXTERIOR SPACES
Photo: Cree
EXTERIOR SPACES
Photo: Cree, Inc.
SECTION 9
LIGHTING ZONES
Lighting Zone 1: Government parks, recreation areas and wildlife preserves
Ambient Illumination: Dark
The local entity with authority over the property will know if the property is a
government designated park, recreation area or wildlife preserve. If the park is
within a rural or urban area, it might have a higher lighting zone classification.
Lighting Zone 2: Rural Areas
Ambient Illumination: Low
Rural areas are populated with fewer than 2,500 people.
SLIDE 215 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
LIGHTING ZONES
Lighting Zone 3: Urban Areas
Ambient Illumination: Medium
An urban area is a densely settled core of a census tract that
contains at least 2,500 people.
Lighting Zone 4: Special Use District
Ambient Illumination: High
LZ4 designation is only granted when the California Energy
Commission approves a local government’s application. LZ4 is used
for special area types that require exceptionally high light levels.
SLIDE 216 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES
The allowed lighting power for a space is determined by measuring
the area of the installation and multiplying this number by the lighting
power allowance for that space.
The actual lighting power is equal to the total watts of all non-
exempt lighting systems (including ballast, driver, transformer).
SLIDE 217 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES
When determining allowed lighting power, the number of luminaires, their
mounting heights, and their layout affect the size of the illuminated area
and thus the allowed lighting power for a space.
The illuminated area is any hardscape area within a square around
each luminaire or pole, less any obstructions. The size of this square is
10 times the luminaire mounting height, with the luminaire in the
middle of the square.
SLIDE 218 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 5
CALCULATING THE ILLUMINATED AREA
SLIDE 219
For a pole with a 20 ft mounting
height, our illuminated area
would be 200 sq. ft.
20 ft pole at the center
of illuminated area
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES
Three major areas are considered when determining the allowed
lighting power for a space:
Area Wattage Allowances (AWA)
Determined for the total illuminated hardscape area.
Linear Wattage Allowances (LWA)
Determined for the total perimeter length of the hardscape, not
including areas that are not illuminated.
Initial Wattage Allowances (IWA)
This may be used once per project site to provide additional
wattage for small sites or unusual hardscape geometries.
SLIDE 220 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES
SLIDE 221 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
PLANTERS AND LANDSCAPE AREAS
Planters and small landscape areas are included within the general
hardscape area as long as the width or length of the inclusion is less
than 10 ft, and the inclusion is bordered on at least three sides.
Landscape areas over 10 ft in both width and length are excluded
from the general hardscape area calculation, but the perimeter of
these exclusions may be included in the linear wattage allowance
(LWA) calculation.
SLIDE 222 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
Photo Credit: Cree
SECTION 9
STEP 1: DETERMINE THE ILLUMINATED AREA
The illuminated area is 10x the mounting height of the pole.
Our two poles are both mounted at a height of 25 ft, so the
illuminated area for each pole is 10 x 25, or 250 ft x 250 ft.
The corner planters are excluded from the illuminated area because
they are longer than 10 ft in both width and length.
The center island is included because, at 5 ft wide, it falls under the
10 ft requirement.
SLIDE 224 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
STEP 2: CALCULATE THE AREA AND PERIMETER
The total included hardscape area is:
Entire Square: (100 x 100) = 10,000 ft2
- Corner Cutouts: 4 x (20 x 20) = - 1,600 ft2
+ Entryway: (15 x 10) = + 150 ft2
TOTAL = 8,550 ft2
The total perimeter area is:
3 Long Sides = 3 x 60 = 180 ft
8 Cutout Sides = 8 x 20 = 160 ft
1 Short Side = 1 x 45 = 45 ft
2 Entry Sides = 2 x 10 = 20 ft
TOTAL = 405 ft
SLIDE 225 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
STEP 3: CALCULATE ALLOWANCES
Using Table 140.7-A we can determine the Initial, Area and Perimeter
Power Allowances for the area.
SLIDE 226
ALLOWANCE
TYPE
POWER
ALLOWANCE SPACE SIZE
AREA POWER
ALLOWANCE
Initial 770W – 770W
Area 0.09 W/ft2 8,550 ft2 770W
Perimeter 0.60 W/ft2 405 ft 243W
7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD
SECTION 9
EXTERIOR EXERCISE: STEP 4 – DOES IT COMPLY?
Assuming each of the two poles in our hardscape area uses 300W of
lighting power, does the lighting in this space comply?
Initial: 770W
Area: 770W
Perimeter: 243W
TOTAL: 1,783W
Yes, the lighting in this area complies. The area is allowed 1,783W
of lighting power and only uses 600W.
SLIDE 227 7/31/2014 PRESCRIPTIVE METHOD