Preschool

Prepared by:BSN 3-A, Group 1

Preschool stageIt is the stage where child is 3 to 6 years of age. The growth during this period is relatively slow.

Physical growthWeight: The preschooler gains approximately 1.8kg/year

Height: He doubles birth length by 4-5 years of age.

Physiological growthPulse: 80-120 bpm (Average: 100 bpm)Respiration: 20-30 cpmBlood pressure: 100/67

Fine Motor3 year old: copy a circle and a cross, can build using small blocks4 year old: use scissors, color within the borders5 year old: write some letters and draw a person

Fine motor and cognitive abilities

Buttoning clothingHolding a pencilBuilding with small blocksUsing scissorsPlaying a board gameHave child draw picture of himself

Cognitive developmentPreschooler up to 4 years of age is in the pre-conceptual phase. He begins to be able to give reasons for his belief and actions, but not true cause-effect relationship.

Emotional developmentFears the darkTends to be impatient and selfishExpresses aggression through physical and verbal behavioursShows signs of jealousy of siblings

Social developmentEgocentricTolerates short separationLess dependent on parentsMay have dreams and nightmaresAttachment to opposite sex parentMore cooperative in play

Social developmentAccording to Erikson:– The preschooler is in the stage where

he develops a sense of initiative, where wants to learn what to do for himself, learn about the world and other people. (Initiative vs. Guilt)

Social developmentAccording to Freud:– Phallic Stage– Erogenous Zone: Genitals– the primary focus of the libido is on

the genitals. At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females.

Social development– Freud also believed that boys begin to

view their fathers as a rival for the mother’s affections. The Oedipus complex describes these feelings of wanting to possess the mother and the desire to replace the father. However, the child also fears that he will be punished by the father for these feelings, a fear Freud termed castration anxiety.

Social development– The term Electra complex has been

used to described a similar set of feelings experienced by young girls. Freud, however, believed that girls instead experience penis envy.

Red flagsInability to perform self-care tasks, hand washing, dressing, daytime toiletingLack of socializationUnable to play with other childrenUnable to follow directions exam