Pres Ion Tat Ion 1

8/2/2019 Pres Ion Tat Ion 1

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Prepared by,

JALPA MISTRY

SHINA THAKURANVITA RAJPUT

KHUSHBU PONDA

KHUSHBU MADHANI

TWINKLE JAIN


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Agrotech (Agro-Textiles)

Mobiltech (Automotive and Aerospace Textiles)

Buildtech (Construction Textiles)

Clothtech (Clothing Textiles)

Geotech (Geo-Textiles)

Hometech (Domestic Textiles)

Indutech (Industrial Textiles) Oekotech (Environmentally friendly Textiles)

Packtech (Packaging Textiles)

Protech (Protective Textiles)

Types of Textile TechnologyTypes of Textile Technology


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Meditech (Medical Textiles)

Sporttech (Sports Textiles)


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Medical textiles are manufactured a goods which includestextile stuff used in hygiene, healthiness and private care aswell as surgical end use. The Medical textiles products areobtainable in woven, knitted and non-woven structure

based on the area of application. Increasingly, synthetic fibre is being utilized in the

manufacturing of these products. Depending upon the area of purpose, medical textiles are classify as

under:

Non- implantable Healthcare & Hygiene products

Implantable

Extra-corporeal

About Medical TextilesAbout Medical Textiles


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Classification of medical textileClassification of medical textile


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The type of fibre used varies based on the

application. The synthetic fibres are steadily

replacing natural fibres.

However, most of products under Medical

textiles (and related fibre) need sterilization

and should be non-carcinogenic and anti-

allergen in nature.

Raw Material Use in Medical TextilesRaw Material Use in Medical Textiles


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The major fibres for medical textiles areThe major fibres for medical textiles are


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Baby diapers

Incontinence diapers

Sanitary napkin

Surgical sutures

Disposables

Surgical dressing Contact lens

Artificial implants

The major technical textile productsThe major technical textile products

covered under Medical textiles are ascovered under Medical textiles are as

given belowgiven below


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Artificial heart valve Artificial vascular graft

Artificial ligaments

Artificial skin Artificial tendon

Artificial joints

Artificial kidney Artificial cornea

Artificial lever

ContdContd


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Constituent Element of MedicalConstituent Element of Medical

Textile ProductTextile Product


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The Artificial Heart


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What is an artificial heart?

An artificial heart is a mechanical device that

replaces the heart. Artificial hearts are

typically used to bridge the time to heart

transplantation, or to permanently replace the

heart in case transplantation is impossible.

An artificial heart is also distinct from

a cardiopulmonary bypass machine (CPB),

which is an external device used to provide

the functions of both the heart and lungs.


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Raw materials

Raw Materials

An artificial heart is made out of metal, plastic, ceramic,and animal parts. A titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy isused for the pump and other metal parts because it is

biocompatible and has suitable structural properties. Thetitanium parts are cast at a specialized titanium processor.Except for blood-contacting surfaces, the titanium ismachined to a specific finish. Blood-contacting surfacesreceive a special coating of titanium microspheres thatbond permanently to the surface. With this coating, bloodcells adhere to the surface, creating a living lining.

A blood-contacting diaphragm within the pump is madefrom a special type of polyurethane that is also textured toprovide blood cell adherence. Two tubular grafts are madefrom polyester (which are used to attach the device to the

aorta) and the valves are actual heart valves removed from


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Artificial Heart


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How does it work

An artificial heart is made up of metal and plastic.It is acombination of both and has a small pumpingchamber.This pumping chamber is lined in a materialthat helps to prevent the formation of blood clotswithin the chamber.The pumping chamber can beimplanted within the body or left outside.It all dependson the type of artificial heart being used.

An artificial heart is made up of metal and plastic.It is a

combination of both and has a small pumpingchamber.This pumping chamber is lined in a materialthat helps to prevent the formation of blood clotswithin the chamber.The pumping chamber can be

implanted within the body or left outside.It all dependson the t e of artificial heart bein used.


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Contd

An artificial heart works by allowing blood to enterfrom either the right or the left atrium. The blood isthen pumped into the aorta or thepulmonary artery.Which atrium the blood enters

through and where it is pumped to after, all dependson which side of the heart the artificial heart is

The artificial heart gets its power through electricity orcompressed air.There is a thin cable that connects thepumping chamber to a control console.The control

console is used to regulate the functioning of thepump.The control console is outside of the body andcan be worn by the person on either a belt or a vest.Ithas the ability to be disconnected from the opening inthe body so that the person wearing it can take a

shower.The artificial heart is then running on a battery


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Problems associated with it

The risk of infection is high because of thebreak in the skin that is needed to connect theartificial heart with its external power source

Another problem is that the medicationsrequired increase the risk of bleedingcomplications.Blood thinning drugs are givento help the body reduce the tendency to formclots.But, by doing that, the body is slow toform clots for any injuries throughout thebody, thereby causing the bleeding

complications.


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conclusion

Despite the problems, artificial hearts are

extremely important to the longevity of the

human race.The age of life expectancy will

continue to rise as long as devices such as the

artificial heart are invented and used.


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ARTIFICIAL LIVER


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Artificial liver

Earlier, artificial support

systems were not widely

used in case of liver failure,

primarily because hepatic

toxics are albumin-bound

unlike for the most parturemic pollutant and hence

cannot be removed by usual

dialysis process.

Recently advances have

been made for the removal

of hepatic toxins making it

now possible to support the

patient with liver failure till

liver recovers or until liver

transplantation is feasible


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TheThe major artificial support systems are:major artificial support systems are:

1.1. Peritoneal dialysisPeritoneal dialysis

2.2. HemodialysisHemodialysis

3.3. HemofiltrationHemofiltration

4.4. Continuous renalContinuous renalreplacement therapyreplacement therapy

5.5. CharcoalCharcoalhaemoperfusionhaemoperfusion

6.6. Plasma exchangePlasma exchange

7.7. BiologicBiologic--dtdt absorbentabsorbent

systemsystem8.8. Molecular absorbentMolecular absorbent

re circulating systemre circulating system


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Market for artificial liverMarket for artificial liver

India has done less than 300 liver transplantations.

The liver transplants are primarily done through two

modes in india-

new.Cadaveric donation where the liver of a brain deadperson is used.

2.Living liver donation where half of the liver of patients

relative is given to the patient,the liver then regeneratesafter some days in both donor and receiver.

There has been no artificial liver transplant in india yet.


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ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY


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Artificial kidneyArtificial kidneyKidney serves the

filtering mechanism of

the blood.

The kidney has a

mechanical substitute in

kidney dialysis machine.


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About Artificial Kidney /About Artificial Kidney / DialysersDialysers::

The kidney dialysis devices is outside the body

and distils the blood by a filter called the

haemodialysor.

The haemodialysor is prepared primarily of

polysulphone and polyacetate.


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The main constituent in a dialyzer is a partly

porous membrane through which a littleparticle can pass by diffusion.

Dialyzers are encountered in medical work in

renal dialysis where unwanted small molecules(e.g. urea) and water can be removed from the

body.

Hemodialysis (sometimes called artificial

kidneys) take blood from the body and pass it

along one side of the dialyzing membrane so

that unwanted small molecules may diffuse

into a special dialyzing fluid passing along the


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Product characteristics:

The primary function of the artificial kidney is

to purify the blood.

The filtration medium used is hollow viscose

or hollow polyester fiber.

The typical characteristics of the fabric are:

Low lining,

High durability,

Good capillary action,

Good absorbency,

Biodegradability and


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Viscose

Polyester

Raw materials


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ArtificialArtificial ligamentsligaments


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About Artificial Ligaments

An artificial ligament is a medical device & the

purpose of an artificial ligament to join ends

of two bones.

The artificial ligaments are made from man-

made fibres like polyester.


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Raw materials

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Polyester

SilkPTFE

multi filaments are mainly used to make

artificial ligaments.


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Technology used

Braiding


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Product characteristics

Ligament is a multilayered or tubular woven

structure having intra-particular region, at

least one bend region and end regions.

Each region is woven so as to possess the

required elasticity and strength.

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is mainly

used for manufacturing artificial ligaments.

The artificial ligament must be bio-compatible

with contact blood and tissue and should have

good bonding strength.


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CONTACT LENCES


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The contact lenses are normally used to

accurate visualization, even though some

public wear colored contact lens to improve

or alter their eye color.

Introduction to Contact Lenses


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Soft Contact Lenses are prepared from a waterabsorbing material called HEMA (Hydroxy EthylMetha Acrylate) & are very flexible to handleand comfy on the eyes.

Inside the sphere-shaped category are theconventional and disposable soft lenses. Thefirst comprises a single pair that can be worn fora period of one year on a daily basis duringwaking hours.

Disposables are the most hygienic option asthey are replaced after a particular period daily, fortnightly, monthly or quarterly.

Hard contact lenses are made of some variant

of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and are


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General Considerations:

Rigid lenses are comparatively tiny, usually about9.0mm diameter.

RGP lenses should move a bit to convey O2through tears to the cornea. Movement or "lag"generally is approximately 2-3mm.

The uneasiness of the lenses is mainly due to lid

sense, particularly the upper lid going over thelens.

As a result, patients often stop blinking generally,and 3-9 staining, results from drying of the

parallel cornea.

THE OPTICS OF RIGID CONTACT

LENCES:


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Soft Contact Lenses are made from a waterabsorbing polymer called HEMA (Hydroxyl

Ethyl Metha Acrylate). It has hydrophilic

qualities, i.e., it can soak up water and still

retain its shape and optic functions.

RAW MATIRIALS


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Specification of contact lenses:

Contact lenses may be formed by cutting ablank on a lathe or by molding process.

Recommend displacement- generally 1day,1-2 week, 1 year

Wearing Indication

Lens Material (edge corrected)

Lens Material (non-edge corrected)

Water Content-generally 38%,47%,58% etc Visibility Tint- should be yes.

UV Blocking-should be yes

Inside-Out Mark

Center Thickness


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ARTIFICIAL SKIN


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Artificial skin

About artificial skin:

Skin grafting is theprocedure of replacingdead skin with live skin.

There are two primarymethods of skin grafting

1. Autologous skin graftand

2. Allograft transfers.


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The autologous skin graft transfers skin from one

part of the body to another. The allograft transfers

skin from the bodies of other people / cadaver. Allografts offer only temporary cover, as they are

quickly rejected by a persons immune system.

The artificial skin is used in the skin grafting process.

After taking out burnt / spoiled skin, surgeons

covered the injury with a covering called artificial

skin.


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Product characteristics:

y Artificial skin consists of two layers.

1. Bottom layer

2. Upper layer

1. Bottom layer: It is made in such a way

that it can regenerate the lower layer of

real skin. The ingredients of bottom layer

made a matrix of interwoven bovine

collagen (a fibrous cow protein) and a

sticky carbohydrate (sugar) molecule

called glycosaminoglycan, which imitate

the fibrous pattern of the bottom layer of


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2. Upper layer:

The upper layer is mainly a medical- grade,

flexible silicon piece that imitate the top,

epidermal layer of skin.

The commercial name one of the artificial skin

graft is Integra & it looks somewhat like

translucent plastic wrap.


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Raw materials

Chitins used to manufacture the artificialskin

Chitin (C8H13O5N)n is a long-chain

polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine, aderivative ofglucose, and is found inmany places throughout the naturalworld.


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Nonwoven

Technology used


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ARTIFICIAL JOINTS


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A metal or plastic part that is surgically

implanted to replace a natural joint

(possibly elbow or wrist but usually hip or

knee)

Definition of artificial joint


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PRODUCT CHARACTRISTICS

The artificial joints primarily made of Titanium, Stainless

steel and chromium cobalt, materials which exhibits

compatibility with the human body.

The technical textile component in joints is ultra high

molecular weight high density polyethylene material.


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Raw material of artificial joints

Ultra High molecular weight density

polyethylene, carbon, Polyacetal are

multifilament are used to manufacture

the artificial joints or bones.


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Which technology is used?

Weaving

Braiding


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Joint replacement surgery is a commonly

perofrmed procedure that is used most often

for arthritis treatment. When a joint

replacement is performed, an artificial joint

prosthesis is inserted in place of the worn out

bone and cartilage. The most commonly usedartificial joint replacements are:

What is joint replacement surgery?


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Improved movement and use of a joint.

Surgery can replace or stabilize the joint,

allowing you to stand and walk more easily.

Pain relief. Surgery can relieve pain that

doesn't respond to other treatment options.

Improved alignment of deformed joints. Re-

aligning the joints can improve the functioning

of those joints, plus make cosmetic

improvements

Benefits of artificial joints?


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MASKS


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MasksAbout face mask Facemask is used to guard

the respiratory system andthe face against hazardous

gases and particles whileoffering a wide field ofvision.

The Disposable Face Maskoffers outstanding one-size-fits-all guard for a range of

airborne particulates.


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Its supple design features allow the wearer

to breathe comfortably for hours of use.


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The desired properties of

disposable facemask are:

Made with multi-layered non-poisonous,non-allergic, non-stimulating materials

Should eliminate cross-contamination

between patients Soft, flexible nosepiece permits individual

adjustment to face.


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Design should allow mask to easily be worn

with glasses and goggles.

Are safe as demonstrated in independent

testing

Offer a long-lasting protective virucidal and

bactericidal coating that is permanentlybound to the medical mask.

Pose little or no risk of promoting antibiotic

resistance. High air permeability and light weight


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Application

The main end use of facemask is to

provide barrier against :

Droplets containing pathogenicmicroorganisms

During cement manufacturing & handling

Dust during cleaning of dusty areas likebasements, attics, garages etc


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Grinding operations

Lab or clean room use

Pollutes from heavy metal

Spreading pathogens to others and their

environment through coughs, sneezes, or

talking

Sweeping

Wood and metal sanding

Microorganism during surgical operation


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Raw materials

Nonwoven fabric


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Technology

Nonwoven converting machinery

Blank Masks Making Machinery

Ear Loop Sealing Machine Tie-Tape Sealing Machinery

Packing Machinery


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BANDAGES


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A bandage is a part of material used either to hold up a

medical apparatus such as a dressing or splint, or on its own

to offer support to the body. Bandages are existing in an

ample range of varieties, from common cloth strips, to

specialized fashioned bandages designed for a precise limb orpart of the body, even though bandages can frequently be

improvised as the situation demands, using clothing, blankets

or other stuff.

Introduction About Bandages


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In ordinary speech, the word "bandage" is often used

to mean a dressing, which is used directly on a

wound, whereas a bandage is technically only used

to support a dressing, and not directly on a

wound.

According to StedmansBandages are ...piece[s]

of cloth or other material, of varying shape and size,

applied to a body part to make compression,

absorb drainage, prevent motion, retain surgicaldressings.


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Three layers to a classic bandage

Contact or Primary Layer-Adherent bandage for

inflammatory stage of healing &Non-Adherent for

repair stage

Intermediate or Secondary Layer-Bulky for

absorbency and padding

Outer or Tertiary Layer-Holding strength

Wound Dressing Material


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Gauze bandage

Adhesive bandage

Compression bandage

Triangular bandage

Tube bandage

Splint

Velpeau Sling

Carpal Flexion Bandage

Robert Jones Bandage

Types of bandages:



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A bandage holds a dressing in place over an openwound . So whenever possible a bandage should

A well padded bandage is almost alwayscomfortable to wearer

As primary dressing, open-weave design providesfast wicking action, superior aeration andexcellent absorbency.

As secondary dressing, it provides bulk,cushioning and ultimate conformability

Contains no latex, will not melt, harden or dry outfrom heat or cold.

Easier removal

Excellent extensibility



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Non-irritating adhesive

Not to stick to the wound Provides softness, conformability, low lint,

high absorbency

Reduce bacterial penetration through the

dressing.

Resists bacterial colonization within the

dressing

Stays in place with minimal taping Water resistant- yet breathable

l


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In general, the main raw materials used to

manufacture the bandages are Cotton &

Spandex.

Raw materials


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Technology

Weaving

A li ti


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The purpose of using dressing like bandage is to

Control bleeding

Prevent infection & contamination

Absorb blood & wound drainage

Protect the wound from further injury

treatment of lymph edema or venous ulcers provide support to sprains and strains

avoid pressure sores

Application


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Utilized for shoulder and scapular fractures

and injuries Useful for short-term stabilization in wounds

The types of wounds for which they are used

include: Skin flaps

Leg ulcers

Foot ulcers

Diabetic wounds

Burns

Lacerations


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MEDICAL MATTRESSES

Medical mattresses


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Medical mattresses

A hospital bed is unique bed that may possibly ne needed tocare for an individual who is ill. The majority hospital bedsseem like a twin bed made of heavy metal parts.The bed has

portable side rails. Hand cranks or electricity may be used toalter positions of bed.Hospital beds can be physical orelectric.Electric beds may be easier for most groups to use.


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Dermatological tested Long-lasting freshness and comfort Asthma and allergy prevention

Longer service life and functionality More sleeping comfort No odor and no bacteria Unhindered spread of dust mites and bacteria

No fungi Flood proof, antimicrobial and flame retardant


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Application

Medical mattresses play a serious role in

providing the enduring with the suitable comfort

while ensuring a full and healthy recovery.

Preventing bedsores.


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SUTURE MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES


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Surgical suture is a medical device used to

hold body tissues together after an injury or

surgery. It generally consists of a needle with

an attached length of thread.

What are surgical sutures?


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To bring tissue edges together and speed

wound healing (=tissue apposition)

Orthopedic surgery to help stabilize joints

Repair ligaments

Ligate vessels or tissues

Whats It Used for?


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Suture thread is made from numerous

materials.

The original sutures were made from

biological materials, such as catgut

suture and silk.

Most modern sutures are synthetic, including

the absorbables polyglycolic acid, polylacticacid, and polydioxanone as well as the non-

absorbables nylon and polypropylene

Raw material


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Monofilament Vs. Multifilament

Characteristics of Suture Material


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memory easy to handle

less tissue drag more tissue drag

doesnt wick wicks/ bacteria

poor knot security good knot security

- tissue reaction +tissue reaction

Monofilament Vs. Multifilament


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Surgical disposal material

R t i l


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The raw materials for surgical dressings

are cotton fiber, viscose, polyester and

acrylic.

Raw materials:



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The materials included under surgical

dressings are:

Rolled bandages,

Crepe bandages,

Plaster-of-Paris bandages,

Absorbent gauze pack,

plaster,

absorbent pads and

Surgical pads.


Some description of surgical dressing


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1. Crepe bandages /compression

bandages

They are knitted bandages made from thick

woven polyester fabric which have an elasticbehavior and porous nature for skin breathing.

These bandages are used on limbs to create

resting pressure and working pressure for thetreatment.

The crepe bandages are manufactured by

weaving and warping the yarn and then

rocessed to ive ro erties like stretch abilit .

Some description of surgical dressing

material:

Bandage holds the wound care layer on place.

wound care products which are adhesive in


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wound care products which are adhesive in

nature are also available in the market.

The bandage can also be used on standalonebasis in case of orthopedic cases(crepe bandage).

The type of dressing used varies based on the

type of wound and location of the wound.

Typically, the wound care products consist of:-

1 Absorbent pad

2 Non-adhering/dressing

3 Adhering pads or adhesive plaster

The wound contact material is available in both

woven and non-woven forms.

2 Pl t f P i (POP) b d


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They are made of cotton gauze ofleno

weave cloth with Plaster-of-Paris

impregnated.

The leno weave holds the POP material

in the fabric.

The bandage is dipped in water and

applied on the limb which would

graduate into a hard cast once dried. The POP bandages are available is

various sizes like ~10, 15, 20 centimeter

x 3 meter

2. Plaster-of-Paris (POP) bandages:


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Generally they have basis weight of around 30

GSM.

These pads and absorbents are available

across various sizes.

4. Cohesive bandages:

These stick to themselves and not to the

users skin.

Hence, they are suited for skin protection

applications.

3. Dressing pads and absorbent gauze:


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Thanks!!!!!

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Pres Ion Tat Ion 1