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Prepared By Prof Alvin So 1
SOSC 188
Lecture 13 The Development Project (I):
Emergence and In Action
Prepared By Prof Alvin So 2
The Rise of the Development Project
Ingredients of the Development Project
International Framework of the Development Project
Prepared By Prof Alvin So 3
Historical Context of the Development Project in the 1950s/1960s
De-colonization: Defeat of European powers after WWII and an active nationalist movement
Political independence, the creation of “The Third World”, the era of development
Prepared By Prof Alvin So 4
Ingredients of the Development Project
Unit: What’s new? From colony to Nation-state Nationalism as the mobilizing force for development
Goal: Economic growth, GNP, better living standard
Program: Industrialization: from agricultural exports to industrial exports,
Urbanization: to transfer resources from rural to urban,
Catching up with the West
Prepared By Prof Alvin So 5
Agent: Strong developmental states for late comers -
import-substitution: to produce manufactured products locally
use tariffs to protect local “infant” industries Political strategy: a “Populist” developmentalist
alliance for everybody in the nation subsidies for domestic capitalists, public services (educ, health,
housing) for workers, credits for farmers
Prepared By Prof Alvin So 6
International Framework of the Development Project
Economic initiatives – need to revise the war-torn economy/world depression
Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe, to restore trade and production. Dollar exports for the triangle trade system
The Bretton Woods System set up the World Bank and IMF: raise money for development, to stabilize currency exchange
First World biases: productive investments on large-scale infrastructure projects (e.g. dams, power plants, highways)
Prepared By Prof Alvin So 7
Inter-state politics – compete for influence between the first world (US) and the second world (the Soviet Union)
foreign aid for geo-political reasons (as military outposts)
An emerging third world perspective: the non-alignment movement
Prepared By Prof Alvin So 8