Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 07.04.20091 Theories of Architecture(EAPS4202) Lecturer 9 20 th Century Architecture (Part 4) Late Modernism/International

Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 07.04.2009 1

Theories of Architecture(EAPS4202)Lecturer 9

20th Century Architecture (Part 4) Late Modernism/International Style

Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf

University of Palestine

Faculty of Applied Engineering & Urban Planning

Dept. of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning

Late Modernism


The end of Modernism: Aspects/Attitudes Modernism in architecture has not ceased but

rather has been developed further. In 1960, it witnessed the born of late Modernism and Post Modernism

Late Modernism has a practical attitude rather being symbolic & representative

Exaggerative in applying the principle of Modernism in association with rationality

Much emphasis on axis of circulation The focus is on mechanical sides of construction


The end of Modernism: Aspects/Attitudes Abstraction that contrasts traditional

architecture A complete segregation with history & being

traditional A style that adopts modernization and in

particular has no relationship with the past Any architect whose work does emphasize

such characteristics is articulated within the school of Late Modernism


Branches of Late Modernism: Sculptural FormsStyle: The focus is mainly on form

only disregarding its content Contrast between: materials,

horizontal and vertical and diagonal lines in juxtaposition.

Use of modern materials and techniques.

Expression of strength and capitalism.


Classification:1.Pure geometrical forms (no interest in interior design & therefore function)2.The way to play with various shapes in the design

Its buildings:Sony Tower, Osaka : Kisho KurokawaOpera House, Sydney : John UtzonArt Museum in Texas : Philip Johnson Dallas City Hall and the National Gallery of Art, Washington : Ieoh Ming Pei

Branches of Late Modernism: Sculptural Forms Dallas City Hall


It relates to the type of pure geometrical form

The shape is actually a pyramid designed up-side down

The shape is indeed environment friendly providing shaded area adopting to the hot climate of Texas

Branches of Late Modernism: Sculptural Forms National Gallery of Art, Washington


It relates to the type of pure geometrical form

Branches of Late Modernism: Sculptural Forms Sony Tower, Osaka The design built in 1975 by Kisho Kurokawa much relates to the type of focusing on the way to play with shapes

The tower clearly emphasizes the use of modern technology


Nagakin Capsule Tower, Tokyo

Branches of Late Modernism: Sculptural Forms Art Museum in southern Texas & Opera Sydney


Branches of Late Modernism: Sculptural FormsThe Face House


Designed by the Japanese Architect Casomo Yamasheta in Cito, Japan

Branches of Late Modernism: Extreme articulation (Structuralism)

Style:The structural system used

is reflected and seen in the form/elevation

Movement elements (staircases, lifts, & etc) has been part of forming the shape by putting them at the elevation

The interplay between structure & space where the interior space is large in size


Examples:Kimbell Art Museum : Louis KhanGraduate School of Design, Harvard Univ. : John AndrewsHousing , Amsterdam : Aldo Vaneyck.

Branches of Late Modernism: Extreme articulation (Structuralism), Kimbell Art Museum


The use of concrete structure The opening in the ceiling allow for the use of natural lightThe ceiling form is the result of concrete vault that reflects its structure without resistance

Branches of Late Modernism: Extreme articulation (Structuralism), Housing project, Amsterdam


Structural system uses glass & steel Elevations largely uses glass materials sighting the inside space The use of colors in the elevations giving the design its character & identity, with much emphasis on contrasting the neighboring buildings

Branches of Late Modernism: Extreme articulation (Structuralism), Graduate School of Design, Harvard Univ

Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 17.06.2008

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Supporting structural elements are sighting in the elev in a steppes form showing the character of the building while the non supporting ones are inside

The structural elements being seen indicate the type of space behind

Contrast to neighboring buildings

Stairs connecting various floor levels are made of light steel element

Branches of Late Modernism: Second Machines AestheticStyle:Started with Le Corbusier who admired

the machine

Emphasized 2 periods:

1. The first emphasizes efficiency & flexibility

2. The design much emphasizes openness by the use of steel & glass while considering the structural system adopted as functioning as decorative elements of the façade


Why second:

The style adopted indicates that the form follows function .

Thus, Le Corbusier style is considered as the first stage and this development is a second stage taking Le Corbusier’s style further.

Examples:Lloyd Building, LondonStansted, Norman Foster.Centre Pompidou, Paris

Branches of Late Modernism: Second Machines Aesthetic (Richard Rogers)


Flexibility was an issue by having columns only on the edges next to elevation.In addition to structural character, inside is reflected outside to free the inner space and to smooth out maintenance while allowing natural light through the glass roof.

Branches of Late Modernism: Second Machines Aesthetic (Stanstead Airport, London)


Branches of Late Modernism: Second Machines Aesthetic (Centre Pompidou, Paris)


Documents

Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 07.04.20091 Theories of Architecture(EAPS4202) Lecturer 9 20 th Century Architecture (Part 4) Late Modernism/International