Preparation for Jesus Preparation for Jesus Messiah, Son of GodMessiah, Son of God

Proclamation of Jesus Messiah, Proclamation of Jesus Messiah, Son of God, to IsraelSon of God, to Israel

Passion and Resurrection of Jesus Passion and Resurrection of Jesus Messiah, Son of GodMessiah, Son of God

1:11:1 16:2116:214:174:17 16:2016:20 28:2028:20

InfantInfant

Origins

GGeenneeaallooggyy

IInnffaannccyy

(1:1-17)(1:1-17) (1:18-2:23)(1:18-2:23)

1:11:1 2:232:23

AdultAdult

PreliminaryEvents

Preaching -Preaching -John (3:1-12)John (3:1-12)

BaptismBaptism(3:13-17)(3:13-17)

TemptationTemptation(4:1-11)(4:1-11)

PositioningPositioning(4:12-16)(4:12-16)

3:13:1 4:164:16

CCaallll--DDiisscciipplleess

4:18 - 224:18 - 22

Announcement ofKingdom through

Teaching,Preaching, and

Healing:

(4:23; 9:35; 11:1)(4:23; 9:35; 11:1)

11:111:1 11:111:1

Dual Response to the Announcement

AcceptAccept by by DisciplesDisciples

RejectionRejectionby Israelby Israelas Wholeas Whole

16:2016:20

Announcement of Death andResurrection

(16:21; 17:22-23; 20:17-19)(16:21; 17:22-23; 20:17-19)

Jesus’ PassionJesus’ PassionAnticipated inAnticipated inJourney to Journey to JerusalemJerusalem(16:21 - 20:34)(16:21 - 20:34)

Jesus’ PassionJesus’ PassionAnticipated in Anticipated in Confrontations Confrontations at at JerusalemJerusalem(21:1-25:46)(21:1-25:46)

16:21 (22)16:21 (22) 25:4625:46

Events of Deathand Resurrection

Trials Trials and and DeathDeath

(26:1-(26:1-27:54)27:54)

Resurrection Resurrection & Great & Great CommissionCommission(27:55-(27:55-28:20)28:20)

26:126:1 28:2028:20

From that time JesusFrom that time JesusBegan.... (4:17)Began.... (4:17)

From that time JesusFrom that time JesusBegan.... (16:21)Began.... (16:21)

Sermon On Mount ch. 5-7

11

22Missionary Discourse

ch.10

33Parable

Discoursech.13

44CommunityDiscourse

ch.18

55Eschatological

Discoursech.24-25

Five MajorFive MajorSpeechesSpeeches

(“Discourses”),(“Discourses”),Concluding withConcluding with

““When JesusWhen JesusFinished TheseFinished These

Sayings....” or the Sayings....” or the like (7:28; 11:1/like (7:28; 11:1/

16:53; 19:1; 26:1)16:53; 19:1; 26:1)Matthew

4:164:16

4:234:23

●●There are 5 major discourses in the Gospel, each There are 5 major discourses in the Gospel, each one ending with the phrase, “When Jesus finished one ending with the phrase, “When Jesus finished these sayings. . . .” these sayings. . . .”

Discourse 1 (5:1-7:29)Discourse 1 (5:1-7:29) 7:28Discourse 2 (10:1-42)Discourse 2 (10:1-42) 11:1Discourse 3 (13:1-52)Discourse 3 (13:1-52) 13:53Discourse 4 (18:1-35)Discourse 4 (18:1-35) 19:119:1Discourse 5 (24:1-25:46)Discourse 5 (24:1-25:46) 26:1

●●There is no account of Jesus’ departure in Matthew. There is no account of Jesus’ departure in Matthew. The book ends with Jesus speaking…lack of The book ends with Jesus speaking…lack of closure…(Just like Mark). closure…(Just like Mark).

Introduction1:1-4:16 - Background

4:17-28:20

The Presentation of Jesus’Activity and Ministry

All Prior to and Preliminary tothe Beginning of Jesus’ Ministry

Questions:Questions: 1. How, specifically and precisely, does 1:1-4:16 prepare for 1. How, specifically and precisely, does 1:1-4:16 prepare for

4:17- 28:20? What are the main elements involved in this 4:17- 28:20? What are the main elements involved in this preparation, and what is the meaning of each? How does preparation, and what is the meaning of each? How does each of these major preparatory elements each of these major preparatory elements illumine 4:17-illumine 4:17-28:20 as a whole and the main elements within 4:17-28:20?28:20 as a whole and the main elements within 4:17-28:20?

2. Why did the writer include each of these background 2. Why did the writer include each of these background elements as he did, and why did he thus relate them to the elements as he did, and why did he thus relate them to the main features in 4:17-20:20?main features in 4:17-20:20?

3. Implications?3. Implications?

General Particular (Twice)

4:17- “From that time- “From that time 16:21- “From that time - “From that time Jesus began to Jesus began to Jesus began to Jesus began to

preach and to say preach and to say show his disciples show his disciples ‘repent, for the‘repent, for the that he must go to that he must go to kingdom of heaven kingdom of heaven Jerusalem and Jerusalem and is at hand’”. is at hand’”.

suffer... be killed suffer... be killed and be raised.” and be raised.” Specific proclamationSpecific proclamation Specifics of Jesus’ Specifics of Jesus’

of the kingdom of the kingdom showing the disciples showing the disciples to Israel to Israel the the necessity of his necessity of his

journey to Jerusalem journey to Jerusalem and suffering, death, and suffering, death, and resurrection and resurrection

Particular 4:18-16:2016:22-28:20

General Statement

Climax

1:1-25:46 -Movement toward -Movement toward Cross and Resurrection - Cross and Resurrection -

““With Us” (With Us” (meqV h`mw/n) ) (1:23)(1:23)

VEmmanouh,l( meqV h`mw/n o` qeo,jÅ

26:1-28:20-Climax of Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Missionary Commissioning- The Promise of Jesus to be “with you”

(evgw. meqV u`mw/n eivmi) 28:20

Pre-Cross:Pre-Cross:

Ministry Restricted to Ministry Restricted to Israel (10:5-6; 15:24)Israel (10:5-6; 15:24)

Post-Cross:Now, to all nations

Questions:Questions:1. In what specific ways does Matthew reach its climax in Chs. 26-1. In what specific ways does Matthew reach its climax in Chs. 26-

28? How does this climactic development (including the ultimate 28? How does this climactic development (including the ultimate climax: the missionary commissioning) illumine both the climax: the missionary commissioning) illumine both the passion/resurrection narrative and the Gospel as a whole? What passion/resurrection narrative and the Gospel as a whole? What is the meaning of this climactic bracketing around the them of is the meaning of this climactic bracketing around the them of “with-ness?” What is the meaning of the movement from “with-ness?” What is the meaning of the movement from restrictive ministry to Israel throughout the Gospel to the climactic restrictive ministry to Israel throughout the Gospel to the climactic breaking out of this restriction toward all-inclusive, word-wide breaking out of this restriction toward all-inclusive, word-wide mission?mission?

2. 2. Why did Matthew develop the story in this way toward this kind of Why did Matthew develop the story in this way toward this kind of climax in the cross, resurrection, and missionary commissioning? climax in the cross, resurrection, and missionary commissioning? Why this bracketing around the them of “with-ness?” Why did he Why this bracketing around the them of “with-ness?” Why did he thus link this promise of divine presence through Christ’s thus link this promise of divine presence through Christ’s presence to the climactic missionary commissioning? presence to the climactic missionary commissioning?

Recurring Words/Themes1. 1. king, kingdom (1:6; 2:2, 9; 3:2; 4:23; 5:19-20; 6:10, 33; 7:21; king, kingdom (1:6; 2:2, 9; 3:2; 4:23; 5:19-20; 6:10, 33; 7:21; 8:11; 9:35; 11:11, 12; 12:25, 26, 28; 13:17, 19, 24, 31, 33, 8:11; 9:35; 11:11, 12; 12:25, 26, 28; 13:17, 19, 24, 31, 33, 38, 38, 41, 43-45, 47, 52; 16:19, 28; 17:25; 18:1, 3-4, 23; 19:12, 41, 43-45, 47, 52; 16:19, 28; 17:25; 18:1, 3-4, 23; 19:12, 14, 23-24; 14, 23-24; 20:1, 21; 21:31, 43; 22:2; 23:13; 24:14; 25:1, 40; 20:1, 21; 21:31, 43; 22:2; 23:13; 24:14; 25:1, 40; 26:29; 27:11, 29, 26:29; 27:11, 29, 37, 42)37, 42)2. 2. fulfil, fulfillment (1:22; 2:15, 17, 23; 3:15; 4:14; 5:17; 8:17; fulfil, fulfillment (1:22; 2:15, 17, 23; 3:15; 4:14; 5:17; 8:17;

12:17; 13:35, 48; 21:4; 23:32; 26:54, 56; 27:9)12:17; 13:35, 48; 21:4; 23:32; 26:54, 56; 27:9)3. 3. Son of David (1:1, 4, 17, 20; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; Son of David (1:1, 4, 17, 20; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30-31; 21:9, 15; 22:42, 45)21:9, 15; 22:42, 45)4. 4. Son of Man (8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; Son of Man (8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; 16:13, 27-28; 17:9, 12, 22; 18:11; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 16:13, 27-28; 17:9, 12, 22; 18:11; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 30, 30, 37, 39, 44; 25:31; 26:2, 24, 45, 64)37, 39, 44; 25:31; 26:2, 24, 45, 64)5. 5. Christ (1:1, 16-18; 2:4; 11:2; 16:16, 20; 22:42; 23:10; 24:5, 23; Christ (1:1, 16-18; 2:4; 11:2; 16:16, 20; 22:42; 23:10; 24:5, 23;

26:63, 68; 27:17, 22)26:63, 68; 27:17, 22)

Matthew

ComparisonJesusJesus Expectations for the disciples Expectations for the disciples This recurring comparison involves several elements:This recurring comparison involves several elements:1. Comparison between the mission of Jesus and the mission

of the disciples:a. a. Geographical sphere of ministryGeographical sphere of ministry. The geographical . The geographical

sphere of ministry both for Jesus (3:13; sphere of ministry both for Jesus (3:13; 4:12, 23) and 4:12, 23) and for the disciples (28:16) is Galilee. for the disciples (28:16) is Galilee.

b. b. Scope of ministryScope of ministry (earthly-time of Jesus): “unto (earthly-time of Jesus): “unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel” (10:5-6; 15:24) the lost sheep of the house of Israel” (10:5-6; 15:24) c. c. Acts of ministryActs of ministry

1) Both Jesus and the disciples 1) Both Jesus and the disciples teach

2) Both Jesus and the disciples have authority to2) Both Jesus and the disciples have authority toCast out demons:

a. of Jesus (8:16, 28-34; 9:32-34; 12:22-29; a. of Jesus (8:16, 28-34; 9:32-34; 12:22-29; 15:21-28; 17:14-20) 15:21-28; 17:14-20)

b. of disciples (10:1, 8; 17:14-20)b. of disciples (10:1, 8; 17:14-20)

Jesus Jesus (4:23; 5:1, 19; (4:23; 5:1, 19; 7:29; 9:35; 11:1; 7:29; 9:35; 11:1; 13:54; 21:23; 22:113:54; 21:23; 22:1

DisciplesDisciples (28:19) (28:19)

3) Both Jesus and the disciples 3) Both Jesus and the disciples preach:

a. They preach the same message:a. They preach the same message:“The Gospel of the Kingdom”“The Gospel of the Kingdom”

b. The substance of the preachingb. The substance of the preaching

is the same: “The Kingdom of is the same: “The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand”Heaven is at hand”

d. d. Significance of ministrySignificance of ministry

1) Both Jesus and the disciples are sent. As Jesus is sent 1) Both Jesus and the disciples are sent. As Jesus is sent by God (10:40; 15:24; 21:37), so the disciples are sent by by God (10:40; 15:24; 21:37), so the disciples are sent by Jesus (10:2, 5, 16; 23:34, 37) Jesus (10:2, 5, 16; 23:34, 37)2) Both Jesus (10:40; 18:5) and the disciples (10:2; 5, 16; 2) Both Jesus (10:40; 18:5) and the disciples (10:2; 5, 16; 23:34, 37) may be “received” ( 23:34, 37) may be “received” (devcomaidevcomai) in their ) in their ministries. ministries.

JesusJesus (4:23; 9:35) (4:23; 9:35)

DisciplesDisciples (26:13; 24:14) (26:13; 24:14)

JesusJesus (4:17) (4:17)

Disciples Disciples (10:7)(10:7)

3) The rejection of the disciples’ message carries the 3) The rejection of the disciples’ message carries the same consequences expressed in the same same consequences expressed in the same

language language as those attending the rejection of Jesus’ as those attending the rejection of Jesus’ message message (10:15; cf. 11:22-24; also 12:41-42) (10:15; cf. 11:22-24; also 12:41-42)

4) The disciples share in Jesus’ activity of eschatological 4) The disciples share in Jesus’ activity of eschatological judgment (cf. 19:28 with 3:7-12; 7:21-23; 25:31-46) judgment (cf. 19:28 with 3:7-12; 7:21-23; 25:31-46)e. e. Persecutions attending the ministryPersecutions attending the ministry:: 1) Persecution of Jesus (2:3, 13-23; 9:1-13, 33; 12:1-14, 1) Persecution of Jesus (2:3, 13-23; 9:1-13, 33; 12:1-14, 24-42; 15:1-21; 16:1-12, 21; 20:17-20; 21:12-17, 23- 24-42; 15:1-21; 16:1-12, 21; 20:17-20; 21:12-17, 23- 23:38; 26:3-5, 47-27:26, 41-45, 62-66) 23:38; 26:3-5, 47-27:26, 41-45, 62-66) 2) Persecution of disciples (5:10-11; 10:16-22, 38; 2) Persecution of disciples (5:10-11; 10:16-22, 38; 13:21; 16:24; 20:22-23; 23:29-36; 24:9-14) 13:21; 16:24; 20:22-23; 23:29-36; 24:9-14) 3) Persecution of both (10:24-25)3) Persecution of both (10:24-25)

2. Comparison between the behavior of Jesus and the behavioral expectations for the disciples:

a. Instructions of Jesusa. Instructions of Jesus Jesus’ activities, as Jesus’ activities, as these these to his disciples to his disciples are narrated by are narrated by MatthewMatthew (5:17-48; 7:12; 12:50; 22:36-40) (3:15; 4:1-11; 20:28; 26:53-56)(5:17-48; 7:12; 12:50; 22:36-40) (3:15; 4:1-11; 20:28; 26:53-56)

b. Individual examples:b. Individual examples: 1) Meekness, lowliness1) Meekness, lowliness

2) Servanthood2) Servanthood

3) Mercy3) Mercy

JesusJesus (11:29; 21:5) (11:29; 21:5)

DisciplesDisciples (18:3-4; 23:12) (18:3-4; 23:12)JesusJesus (20:26-28; also chs. 8-9; 14:13-21; (20:26-28; also chs. 8-9; 14:13-21;

15:32-39; chs. 26-28)15:32-39; chs. 26-28)DisciplesDisciples (18:1-4, 10-20; 24:45; 25:14-36) (18:1-4, 10-20; 24:45; 25:14-36)

JesusJesus (9:13, 27, 36; 14:14; 15:22, 25, 32; (9:13, 27, 36; 14:14; 15:22, 25, 32; 17:15; 20:30-34)17:15; 20:30-34)

DisciplesDisciples (5:7; 9:13; 12:7; 18:33; 23:23) (5:7; 9:13; 12:7; 18:33; 23:23)

Questions:Questions:1. What is the meaning of each of these points of similarity between 1. What is the meaning of each of these points of similarity between

Jesus and the disciples? How do these points of similarity relate Jesus and the disciples? How do these points of similarity relate to one another and illumine one another? What is the meaning of to one another and illumine one another? What is the meaning of this recurrence of comparison, i.e., how do the individual this recurrence of comparison, i.e., how do the individual occurrences illumine one another and mark development occurrences illumine one another and mark development throughout the book?throughout the book?

2. Why did the writer wish to present and emphasize, as he has, 2. Why did the writer wish to present and emphasize, as he has, these similarities between Jesus and the expectations for the these similarities between Jesus and the expectations for the disciples?disciples?

3. Implications?3. Implications?

Jewish Audiencea. Several references to the fulfillment of O.T. prophecy a. Several references to the fulfillment of O.T. prophecy

(1:22-23; 2:5, 6, 15, 18; 3:3; 4:15; 8:17; 11:10; (1:22-23; 2:5, 6, 15, 18; 3:3; 4:15; 8:17; 11:10; 12:17-21; 13:14-15, 35; 15:7-9; 21:4-5, 16; 12:17-21; 13:14-15, 35; 15:7-9; 21:4-5, 16;

21:42; 21:42; 26:54) 26:54)

b. Repeated references to O.T. Characters (1:1-17, 20; b. Repeated references to O.T. Characters (1:1-17, 20; 2:17; 3:9; 8:4, 11, 17; 9:27; 11:14; 12:3, 15, 23, 40, 2:17; 3:9; 8:4, 11, 17; 9:27; 11:14; 12:3, 15, 23, 40,

41, 41, 42; 13:14; 15:7, 22; 16:4, 14; 17:3-4, 10-11; 19:7-8; 42; 13:14; 15:7, 22; 16:4, 14; 17:3-4, 10-11; 19:7-8; 20:30-31; 21:9, 15; 22:23, 32, 42, 45; 23:2, 20:30-31; 21:9, 15; 22:23, 32, 42, 45; 23:2,

35)35)

c. Concern with Genealogy (1:1-17)c. Concern with Genealogy (1:1-17)

Use of Son-ship language in the comparison between Jesus and the disciples.

Both Jesus and the disciples are “sons” of God and “know” God as Both Jesus and the disciples are “sons” of God and “know” God as Father. Although the Matthean Jesus consistently differentiates Father. Although the Matthean Jesus consistently differentiates between “my father” and “your father”, the fact remains that both between “my father” and “your father”, the fact remains that both Jesus and the disciples are identified, respectively, as “son” and Jesus and the disciples are identified, respectively, as “son” and “sons” of “the father”.“sons” of “the father”.

a. of Jesus:: 1) References to Jesus as “Son” (of God) (1:21, 23, 25; 1) References to Jesus as “Son” (of God) (1:21, 23, 25; 2:15; 3:17; 4:3, 6; 8:29; 11:27; [13:55]; 14:33; 16:16; 2:15; 3:17; 4:3, 6; 8:29; 11:27; [13:55]; 14:33; 16:16; 17:5; 21:37-38; 22:2, [42], 24:36; 25:63; 27:40, 43, 54; 17:5; 21:37-38; 22:2, [42], 24:36; 25:63; 27:40, 43, 54; 28:19) 28:19)

2) References to God as Jesus’ “Father” (7:21; 10:32-33; 2) References to God as Jesus’ “Father” (7:21; 10:32-33; 11:25-27; 12:50; 15:13; 16:17, 27; 18:10, 14, 19, 35; 11:25-27; 12:50; 15:13; 16:17, 27; 18:10, 14, 19, 35; 20:23; 24:36; 25:34, 41; 26:29, 39, 42, 53; 28:19) 20:23; 24:36; 25:34, 41; 26:29, 39, 42, 53; 28:19)

b. of disciples:

1) References to disciples as “sons” (of God) (5:9, 45; 1) References to disciples as “sons” (of God) (5:9, 45; 7:9; 7:9; 9:15; 13:38; 17:25-26) 9:15; 13:38; 17:25-26)

2)References to God as the disciples’ “father” (5:16, 45, 2)References to God as the disciples’ “father” (5:16, 45, 48; 48; 6:1, 4, 6, 8-9, 14, 18, 26, 32; 7:11; 10:20, 29; 13:43; 6:1, 4, 6, 8-9, 14, 18, 26, 32; 7:11; 10:20, 29; 13:43;

[21:31]; 23:9) [21:31]; 23:9)

The book is characterized by the atmosphere of majestyThe book is characterized by the atmosphere of majesty - - Everywhere the focus is on Jesus as the royal Son of Everywhere the focus is on Jesus as the royal Son of

God, whose origin is in God himself (1:18-25), God, whose origin is in God himself (1:18-25), and whose and whose throne is the cross(27:32-54). There is an throne is the cross(27:32-54). There is an emphasis upon emphasis upon Jesus’ authority (e.g. 11:25-36), Jesus’ authority (e.g. 11:25-36), especially the authority of especially the authority of the exalted Christ which extends the exalted Christ which extends throughout the entire throughout the entire realm of reality (28:16-20).realm of reality (28:16-20).

D.D. Each of the three major divisions may reach a climax Each of the three major divisions may reach a climax with with the declaration that Jesus is the declaration that Jesus is Son of GodSon of God (3:17, 16:16, (3:17, 16:16,

27:54/28:19).27:54/28:19).

Questions:Questions:1. How are 4:17 and 16:21 particularized, or spelled out, in the 1. How are 4:17 and 16:21 particularized, or spelled out, in the

material that follows in each case? How are the general material that follows in each case? How are the general headings of 4:17 and 16:21 related to each other, and how do headings of 4:17 and 16:21 related to each other, and how do they illumine one another?they illumine one another?

2. Why did the writer include these general headings, and 2. Why did the writer include these general headings, and develop them as he did? Why did he relate 4:17 and 16:21 as develop them as he did? Why did he relate 4:17 and 16:21 as did?did?

3. Implications?3. Implications?