RFID BASED ENERGY METER

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INTRODUCTION

A scheme of Electricity billing system called "PREPAID ENERGY

METER " can facilitate in improved cash flow management in energy

utilities and can reduces problem associated with billing consumer living

in isolated area and reduces deployment of manpower for taking meter

readings. Every consumer can recharge RFID tag assigned and recharge

its meter at various ranges (ie. Rs 50, Rs 100, Rs 200 etc).In our project

we have given the name for RFID tag card smart card. Consumer can

check its balance in LCD attached with the module and be prepare for

the next recharge in advance.

HARDWARE USED

1. 89S52 Microcontroller

2. Voltage regulator 7805.

3. Diode IN4007

4. RFID Module.

5. Some other components.

SOFTWARE USED

1. Keil u-Vision 3.0

Keil Software is used provide you with software development tools for

8051 based microcontrollers. With the Keil tools, you can generate

embedded applications for virtually every 8051 derivative. The

supported microcontrollers are listed in the µ-vision.

2 PRO51 Programmer Software

AN INTRODUCTION TO 8051 MICROCONTROLLER:

When we have to learn about a new computer we have to

familiarize about the machine capability we are using, and we can do it

by studying the internal hardware design (devices architecture), and also

to know about the size, number and the size of the registers.

         A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the

CPU), non-volatile memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile

memory for input and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit.

Also called a "computer on a chip," billions of microcontroller units

(MCUs) are embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys to

appliances to automobiles. For example, a single vehicle can use 70 or

more microcontrollers. The following picture describes a general block

diagram of microcontroller.

INTRODUCTION TO RFID

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification

method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices

called RFID tags or transponders. The technology requires some extent

of cooperation of an RFID reader and an RFID tag.

An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a

product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking

using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and

beyond the line of sight of the reader.

An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a

product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking

using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and

beyond the line of sight of the reader.

What is RFID?

A basic RFID system consists of three components:

a) An antenna or coil

b) A transceiver (with decoder)

c) A transponder (RF tag)

Electronically programmed with unique information. There are many

different types of RFID systems out in the market. They are categorized

according to their frequency ranges. Some of the most commonly used

RFID kits are as follows:

1) Low-frequency (30 KHz to 500 KHz)

2) Mid-Frequency (900KHz to 1500MHz)

3) High Frequency (2.4GHz to 2.5GHz)

These frequency ranges mostly tell the RF ranges of the tags from low

frequency tag ranging from 3m to 5m, mid-frequency ranging from 5m

to 17m and high frequency ranging from 5ft to 90ft. The cost of the

system is based according to their ranges with low-frequency system

ranging from a few hundred dollars to a high-frequency system ranging

somewhere near 5000 dollars.

Typical Applications for RFID

Automatic Vehicle identification

Inventory Management

Work-in-Process

Container/ Yard Management

Document/ Jewelry tracking

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT

RFID READER

8051

MICRO

CONTROLLER

ENERGY

METER

M

LCD

DISPLAY

RRID TAG

RELAY