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Ppt 17b, Continuation of Gases & Gas LawsPpt 17b, Continuation of Gases & Gas Laws

1. Individual Gas Laws Combine to Form the Ideal Gas Law.

2. Ideal Gas Law Problems-I

• Find one variable if the other three are known (“one state” problem)

• Problems in which the state of a gas changes (“two state” problem).

3. Density of Gases Ideas & Calculations

• Can use Ideal Gas Law here (or memorize variant)

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Important CommentImportant Comment

• In all previous laws, the proportionality constant,

k1 , is not a fundamental constant of nature; it

would depend on the conditions [the values of

the other variables being held constant]

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The Ideal Gas Law01The Ideal Gas Law01

• Ideal gases obey an equation incorporating the laws

of Charles, Boyle, and Avogadro:

• The gas constant R = 0.08206 L·atm·K–1·mol–1

• STP conditions are 273.15 K and 1 atm pressure

• 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.41 L at STP (molar volume = V of 1 mol)

(a fundamental constant) PV

PV nRT RnT [same for all gases, conditions]

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1 molat STP

(1 mol)(0.08206)(273.15 K)22.414..L

1 atm nRT

VP

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The Ideal Gas Law02The Ideal Gas Law02

• Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a colorless, odorless,

very unreactive gas. Calculate the pressure (in atm)

exerted by 1.82 moles of the gas in a steel vessel of

volume 5.43 L at 69.5°C.

• What is the volume (in liters) occupied by 7.40 g of

CO2 at STP?

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What if more than one variable changes?What if more than one variable changes?

• Oxygen gas is normally sold in 49.0 L steel containers at a

pressure of 150.0 atm. What volume would the gas

occupy if the pressure was reduced to 1.02 atm and the

temperature raised from 20oC to 35oC?

1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2

1 1 2 2 1 2

(n constant) PV PV PV PV

RnT n T T T

1 22 1

2 1

x x P T

V VP T

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Example #2Example #2

• An inflated balloon with a volume of 0.55 L at sea

level, where the pressure is 1.0 atm, is allowed to

rise to a height of 6.5 km, where the pressure is

about 0.40 atm. 1) Assuming that the temperature remains

constant, what is the final volume of the balloon? 2) Assuming

that the temperature at sea level is 22°C and the

temperature at 6.5 km is -28°C, what is the final

volume of the balloon?

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Gases Worksheet-I PracticeGases Worksheet-I Practice

• Proportional relationships / calculations

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The Ideal Gas Law--Applications 04The Ideal Gas Law--Applications 04

• Recall: At the same T and P, equal volumes of

gases contain equal numbers of molecules. V n (P, T constant)

R R

n PPV n T

V T a fixed value

(at a given P & T, for any gas!)

• Implication? The concentration of gas particles is “fixed” at a

given T and P!

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At the same T & P, [gas] is “fixed” (sample size does not matter)

(identity of the gas does not matter)

At the same T & P, [gas] is “fixed” (sample size does not matter)

(identity of the gas does not matter)

…same number of particles per L

Same T & P …

He

Ar

H2

He

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Density of a gas at fixed T and P does depend on gas identity (molar mass)!

Density of a gas at fixed T and P does depend on gas identity (molar mass)!

• Density is “number density” x mass per particle• Which equals concentration x molar mass!

x m n

d MMV V

x g mol g

L L mol

• One could substitute in for n/V here to get an equation that relates d, P, T, and MM,

– but I don’t think it’s really “worth it” (see answer key comments)

This slide is intended to make a conceptual connection, not give you another equation to memorize!

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Summary (of prior few slides): At the same T & P, concentration is constant, but density varies with MM

Summary (of prior few slides): At the same T & P, concentration is constant, but density varies with MM

…different densities for different gaseous substances, because mass

Same # particles / L, but…

per particle (and thus per mole) varies!

He

Ar

H2

He

Greatest density b/c greatest MM 11

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Practical Application: Will gases (or balloons filled with

them) float or sink (in air)? MM is the key!Practical Application: Will gases (or balloons filled with

them) float or sink (in air)? MM is the key!

• Air is about 80% N2 and 20% O2 MM(air) 29 g/mol

Substance or Mixture

Molar Mass(g/mol)

Floats or sinks in air? (at same T, P)

H2 2.0 floats

He 4.0 floats

Air ~29 Neither (but balloon would sink b/c the rubber makes dballoon slightly > dair)

CO2 44 sinks

Quiz: Would a neon balloon float or sink? Argon?Ppt17b 12

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The bottom line? Density of a gas depends on molar mass, T, & P, but not on “amount”The bottom line? Density of a gas depends on molar mass, T, & P, but not on “amount”

• Since amount does not matter, I prefer to PICK A

CONVENIENT AMOUNT* to solve problems that

relate to gas density and molar mass! No need to memorize or derive separate

equations (although if you want to do so, more power to you!)

* 1 L of gas, if density is given; 1 mol of gas, if molar mass (or formula) is given

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The Ideal Gas Law—Applications (Examples)The Ideal Gas Law—Applications (Examples)

• What is the molar mass of a gas with a density of

4.07 g/L at a pressure of 3.42 atm and 35°C?

• What is the density of uranium hexafluoride, UF6,

(MM = 352 g/mol) under conditions of STP?

• To what temperature must a sample of CO2 be raised at

1.97 atm in order for the density to become 3.38 g/L?

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